Nyuma yo kubona ko hari ibibazo Leta igirana n’abantu, ibyo bibazo bikaba bishobora kujyana Leta mu manza ndetse bikaba binagaragara mu buryo budashidikanywaho ko Leta izasabwa gutanga indishyi, hatekerejwe uburyo ibibazo nk’ibyo byajya bikemurwa ku bwumvikane bitabaye ngombwa ko bishyikirizwa inkiko dore ko byongera umubare w’imanza ndetse bikanatangisha Leta indishyi z’umurengera zitakabaye ngombwa ari nako binatinza ukurenganurwa k’uwarenganye.

Hashyizweho akanama gashinzwe gukemura mu bwumvikane impaka zirimo Leta

Amabwiriza ya Minisitiri w’Intebe twavuze hejuru yashyizeho komite igizwe n’Abanyamabanga bahoraho (Permanent Secretaries) muri Ministeri 5 zirimo iy’ubutabera (MINIJUST), iy’Ibikorwaremezo (MININFRA), iy’Imari n’Igenambigambi (MINECOFIN), iy’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu (MINALOC) n’iy’Umutekano mu gihugu (MININTER). Umuntu wa gatandatu uri muri iyi komite uvugwa muri ayo mabwiriza ni Intumwa ya Leta ishyirwaho na Minisitiri w’Ubutabera (ingingo ya 7).

Iyi komite izajya iterana rimwe mu gihembwe (ishobora no guterana inshuro zirenze imwe iyo hari ibibazo byihutirwa) isuzume Dossier zisaba ubwumvikane hagati ya Leta n’abafitanye ibibazo nayo. Ibyo bibazo bisabirwa ubwumvikane bishobora kuba byaramaze kugera mu nkiko cyangwa bitaragera mu nkiko ariko bigaragara ko ariyo maherezo.

Yaba ari Umuturage ufitanye ikibazo na Leta cyangwa na Leta ubwayo bose bashobora gusaba ubwo bwumvikane. Aha Leta ikwiye kumvikana nk’ urwego rwose ruri mu butegetsi Nyubahirizategeko harimo ubutegetsi bwite bwa Leta, ibigo n’inzego bya Leta, Serivisi za Leta, inzego z’ibanze, imishinga ya Leta kimwe n’inzego ziri mu butegetsi Nshingamategeko no mu butegetsi bw’Ubucamanza;

Uwifuza gusaba ubwumvikane yandikira Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ari nayo ibanza gusesengura ubwo busabe ikareba niba koko ikibazo yashyikirijwe gikwiye gukemurwa mu bwumvikane hanyuma ikabona gushyikiriza ubwo busabe Komite twavuze hejuru. Mu isesengura ryayo, MINIJUST ireba niba koko uburyozwe bwa Leta budashidikanywaho kandi ko kujya mu manza byatuma hatangwa amafaranga menshi ugereranyije nayo urega asaba Leta nk’indishyi.

Hari ibyo uwifuza ko Leta imwishyura ku bwumvikane agomba kugaragaza

Usaba kumvikana na Leta kugira ngo imuhe indishyi bidasabye ko bajya mu nkiko agomba kugaragaza impamvu ubusabe bwe bushingiyeho. Agomba kandi kugaragaza ububasha (power), ubushobozi (capacity) n’inyungu (interest) afite mu kibazo cye (ingingo ya 17).

Agomba no kwerekana ibimenyetso bigaragaza uburyozwe bwa Leta bukomoka ku bikorwa byayo cyangwa ku ikosa ry’umukozi wayo n’ibindi bimenyetso byose bigaragaza ishingiro ry’ibisabwa (ingingo ya 18).

Ikindi agomba kugaragaza ni agaciro k’ibyangiritse cyangwa igihombo kandi akabigaragaza hifashishijwe abahanga mu igenagaciro (expertise) bitewe n’urwego ikibazo kirimo. Aha ni ngombwa ko agaragaza n’isano iri hagati y’amakosa ya Leta n’igihombo kugira ngo harebwe koko niba icyo gihombo yaragitewe na Leta kuko gishobora no guterwa n’izindi mpamvu.

Komite yumvikanisha Leta n’abafitanye ibibazo ifata ibyemezo ite?

Kugira ngo komite iterane mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, igomba kuba nibura yitabiriwe n’abahagarariye Ministeri eshatu muri eshanu twavuze hejuru.

Abagize komite bafata ibyemezo mu bwigenge bakurikije amategeko n’umutimanama wabo ariko bagomba kubanza kumva abarebwa n’ikibazo bose mu nama yatumijwe y’ubwumvikane. Bagomba kandi kugaragaza ingingo z’amategeko bashingiyeho ibyemezo byabo ndetse n’impamvu bashingiyeho bagena indishyi (ingingo ya 13).

Ibyemezo bya komite bifatwa ku bwumvikane busesuye (consensus). Iyo ubwumvikane budashoboye kuboneka ikibazo kirasubikwa kikazigwa mu nama ikurikiyeho. Iyo byongeye kunanirana bifatwa nk’aho ubwo bwumvikane budashoboka. Icyo gihe bimenyeshwa uwari wasabye ubwo bwumvikane yasanga ari ngombwa akiyambaza inkiko zibifitiye ububasha.

Uko igihombo cyatejwe na Leta kibarwa n’uko indishyi zigenwa

Indishyi zitangwa ku gihombo cyatewe na Leta cyangwa umukozi wayo zigenwa hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo za 258 na 620 z’igitabo cya III cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano.

Mu kugena indishyi hashingirwa, iyo bishoboka, ku itegeko, ibimenyetso cyangwa uburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa mu kuzigena. Iyo bidashoboka komite ikoresha ubushishozi bwayo ikabifataho icyemezo.

Iyo ibyangiritse ari umutungo komite igendera ku igenagaciro ry’usaba ubwimvikane ariko ishobora no gukoresha ivuguruza ry’igenagaciro (contre-expertise) rikozwe n’urwego rwa Leta keretse iyo bidashoboka.

Mu byerekeye impanuka y’ibinyabiziga, iyo ibyangiritse ku modoka yangijwe n’urwego rwa Leta cyangwa umukozi wayo bidashobora kugenwa kubera ko byasanwe, mu mwanya wo gukora ivuguruza ry’igenagaciro ku igenagaciro ryatanzwe na nyir’ imodoka, Komite ishobora gukoresha uburyo bwa “coefficient de réduction“ ikoreshwa nko muri za sosiyete z’ubwishingizi ivanaho hagati ya 15% na 20 % y’agaciro remezo k’ibyangiritse (ingingo ya 25).

Ku ngenagaciro ziteye amakenga, hasuzumwa ingero zakwifashishwa ku madosiye asa n’izigwa cyangwa ubundi buryo bwose bwatuma ukuri ku ngano y’ibyangijwe kugaragara.

Ku birebana no kugena indishyi z’icyangiritse, bikorwa hashingiwe ku nyemezabuguzi y’umwimerere iyo ishobora gufasha mu kugena agaciro k’icyangiritse. Iyo inyemezabuguzi idashobora kuboneka, agaciro k’icyangiritse kagenwa n’urwego rwa Leta rubifitiye ubushobozi, keretse iyo bidashoboka. Icyakora, agaciro k’icyangiritse kagomba kugenwa hakurikijwe igihe kimaze gikoreshwa kandi hitawe ku gaciro nyakuri kacyo mu gihe cy’isabwa ry’indishyi (ingingo ya 26).

Ku birebana n’indishyi zishingiye ku gihombo cyatejwe n’icyangiritse, izo ndishyi zigenwa hashingiwe kucyo icyangiritse gisanzwe cyinjiza, imirimo icyangijwe cyakoreshwagamo muri rusange n’iminsi icyangiritse cyashoboraga kuba gikoreshwa mu kwezi hifashishijwe igenagaciro rikozwe na Serivisi zishinzwe Imisoro n’Amahoro. (ingingo ya 27).

Ku ndishyi zishingiye ku bumuga cyangwa urupfu byatewe n’igikorwa cy’urwego rwa Leta, izo ndishyi zigenwa hashingiwe ku byo amategeko abigenga ateganya (ingingo ya 28). Iyo ayo mategeko adahari, hashingirwa ku manza zaciwe n’Inkiko ku bibazo bisa n’igisuzumwa.

Umuntu wese ugenerwa indishyi kubera umuntu wapfuye bitewe n’igikorwa cy’urwego rwa Leta cyangwa impanuka itewe n’ibintu by’urwo rwego rwa Leta, agomba kugeza kuri Komite icyemezo kigaragaza ko yapfuye n’icyerekana amasano yari afitanye na we, ndetse n’ibindi bimenyetso byose byafasha Komite kugira ngo ifate icyemezo gikwiye (ingingo ya 29).

Iyo ari ibirebana n’indishyi zituruka ku itakazwa ry’umushahara w’umuntu wari ufite akazi kamuha umushahara uzwi, indishyi zibarwa hakurikijwe uwo mushahara. Ku muntu udafite akazi kamuha umushahara uzwi, insimburamubyizi ibarwa hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga cyangwa ibisanzwe bikurikizwa mu kuyigena harimo n’ibyemezo by’inkiko.

Uwahisemo inzira y’ubwumvikane ntaba akemerewe kugana inkiko

Iyo hamaze kubaho ubwumvakane hagati ya komite n’ufitanye ikibazo na Leta, impande zombi zisinya amasezerano y’ubwumvikane. Ayo masezerano agira agaciro hagati y’abayagiranye nka k’urubanza rwaciwe ku buryo budasubirwaho mu rwego rwa nyuma n’Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha.

Nta umuntu ushobora gusaba ko ayo masezerano ateshwa agaciro yitwaje ko atazi itegeko cyangwa ko yaryibeshyeho cyangwa se yitwaje ko yahenzwe keretse gusa iyo habaye ikosa mu gukora imibare kandi naryo rishobora gukosorwa.

Icyakora, amasezerano y’ubwumvikane ntakuraho ko Leta ishobora gukurikirana umukozi wayo wagize uruhare mu makosa yatumye itanga amafaranga yishyuye.

Iyo amasezerano y’ubwumvikane amaze gusinywa, Minisiteri y’Ubutabera (MINIJUST) itegura dosiye irimo ibyangombwa byose bigaragaza umwenda ugomba kwishyurwa, ikabyoherereza urwego rwa Leta rwakoze amakosa kugira ngo rwishyure uwagiranye na Komite amasezerano y’ubwumvikane.

Twanzura…

Ubu uburyo bwo kumvikanisha Leta n’abafitanye ibibazo nayo kugira ngo ibishyure batagiye mu nkiko ni bwiza kandi buftiye akamaro abaturage bafitanye ibibazo na Leta ndetse na Leta ubwayo.

Ni uburyo budatwara amafaranga menshi kandi budatinda ugereranyije n’igihe imanza zimara mu nkiko. Ni uburyo kandi bugabanya umutwaro w’imanza nyinshi mu nkiko ndetse bukanafasha abaturage kudahora basiragira mu butabera.

Kuri ibyo hiyongeraho ko ubu uburyo bunafasha Leta kutishyura indishyi nyinshi (rimwe na rimwe zitakabaye ngombwa) mu nkiko bityo ikazigama amafaranga yanakoreshwa mu bindi bikorwa bigamije iterambere ry’igihugu.

Byakusanyijwe na Maurice Munyentwali
Email: {[email protected]}