{Nta gushidikanya ko ihinduka riherutse ry’abagize Guverinoma ari yo nkuru ikomeje kwiganza mu itangazamakuru ryo mu Rwanda. Mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu Guverinoma icyuye igihe yari imaze hari byinshi yakoze.}

Mu ivugururwa rya Guverinoma ryabaye kuwa Kane tariki 24 Nyakanga 2014, Dr Pierre Damien Habumuremyi yasimbuwe na Murekezi Anastase. Hari byinshi Guverinoma icyuye igihe yagejeje ku barokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi bigitegereje gukorwa.

Mu kiganiro Ahishakiye Naftal, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa IBUKA, yagiranye n’urubuga ‘’Reparation for Survivors’’ ruvuga ku butabera n’imibereho myiza y’abarokotse Jenoside, yagarutse ku byakozwe n’ibitegerejwe kuri Guverinoma nshya.

Yagize ati "Guverinoma icyuye igihe yashishikarije inzego zose kwitabira ibikorwa byo kwibuka, kugerageza gucyemura ikibazo cy’imitungo y’abacitse ku icumu, kwita ku ncike no kwemerera abacitse ku icumu kwandikwa ku mazu bubakiwe.’’

Tumubajije aho Guverinoma nshya ya Ministiri w’Intebe Murekezi yashyira ingufu, Ahishakiye yavuze ko Guverinoma yanoza ingamba zijyanye no kubika ibimenyetso bya Jenoside, kwihutisha gukemura ikibazo cy’indishyi, kongera ingufu mu gufata abakoze jenoside bakidegembya no gushyiraho ingamba zihamye zijyanye n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bw’abarokotse.

Ahishakiye anenga politiki iriho ubu izwi ku izina rya ‘’National Social Protection Strategy’’ igamije gushyira abacitse ku icumu mu cyiciro rusange cy’Abanyarwanda bose batishoboye kugira ngo bafashirizwe hamwe. Agaragaza ko abacitse ku icumu bafite ibibazo by’umwihariko bikomoka ku kababaro k’indengakamere banyuzemo muri jenoside.

Ahishakiye yagize ati ’’Guverinoma iyobowe na Nyakubahwa Murekezi ikwiye kuzashishoza kuko ingaruka za jenoside mu mibereho y’abayikorewe zimara igihe kirekire rimwe na rimwe zikaba twibanire.’’

Ingingo ya 14 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu ivuga iti "Leta mu bushobozi bwayo, iteganya ibikorwa byihariye bigamije imibereho myiza y’abasizwe iheruheru na jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi’’. Iyi ngingo igaragaza ubushake bwa politiki Leta yagaragaje ku ikubitiro bwo kwita ku bacitse ku icumu by’umwihariko. Umuntu asesenguye iyi ngingo, nta gushidikanya ko gahunda iyo ari yo yose ishyira abacitse ku icumu mu Banyarwanda bandi bose batishoboye muri rusange cyangwa igamije kubambura ubufasha bw’umwihariko bagenerwa inyuranyije n’itegeko nshinga.

Ubutabera

Guverinoma icyuye igihe yagerageje guhangana n’ibibazo byasizwe n’inkiko Gacaca by’umwihariko kurangiza imanza z’imitungo zaciwe n’inkiko Gacaca no gukemura ikibazo cy’indishyi. Hashyizweho kandi imbaraga zigaragara mu kugerageza guha umurongo ikibazo cy’imitungo yambuwe abana b’imfubyi barokotse jenoside.

Mu mwaka wa 2013, Ministiri w’Intebe yashyizeho itsinda rigamije gukemura ibibazo by’imitungo yambuwe abana b’imfubyi za jenoside n’ibibazo by’imanza z’imitungo yangijwe zitarangizwa. Iryo tsinda n’ubwo 70% y’ibibazo ryagejejweho bitabashije guhita bikemuka, ishyirwaho ry’iryo tsinda ryatumye icyo kibazo kimenyekana kurushaho n’inzego zongera ubushake mu kugikurikirana.

Iryo tsinda kandi ryagaragaje ko abacitse ku icumu bagera ku 158,000 batsinze imanza z’imitungo za Gacaca ariko zikaba zitarashyirwa mu bikorwa. Ni ukuvuga ko uwacitse ku icumu nibura umwe kuri babiri afite ikibazo cy’urubanza yatsinze rwo gusubizwa imitungo yasahuwe ariko rukaba rutararangizwa. Magingo aya bivugwa ko iyi mibare yaba yaragiye igabanuka icyakora nta mibare mishya iragaragazwa y’ibibazo byakemutse n’uko byakemutse.

Mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cy’indishyi, Minisiteri y’Ubutabera yarandikiwe isabwa gutegura itegeko rishyiraho ikigega cy’indishyi ku barokotse jenoside mu gihe kitarenze amezi atatu. Bwari ubwa mbere Umuyobozi mukuru wo ku rwego rwe yemeje ko ikibazo cy’indishyi ari ikibazo cy’ubutabera kandi gikwiye gukemuka.

Kuri ubu, iyi guverinoma isoje igihe cyayo ikibazo cy’indishyi kiri gukorwaho inyigo ku bufatanye bwa Guverinoma, Sosiyete sivile n’Umuryango mpuzamahanga. Raporo y’inyigo zatanga inzira z’uko icyo kibazo cyakemuka, imiterere y’ikigega cy’ indishyi cyashyirwaho n’aho amafaranga yo kubishyira mu bikorwa azava, izasohoka mu mpera z’ukwezi gutaha kwa Kanama.

Mu bijyanye no gukurikirana abakekwaho jenoside bo mu rwego rwa mbere bataburanishijwe n’inkiko Gacaca, Guverinoma icyuye igihe yasohoye impapuro mpuzamahanga zo gufata ba ruharwa barenga 200 bakihishe mu mahanga.

Guverinoma icyuye igihe yashoboye kandi gukora amavugurura yatumye amahanga agirira icyizere ubutabera bw’u Rwanda bityo yohereza abakekwaho jenoside bagera ku icumi ngo baburanishirizwe mu Rwanda imbere y’abarokotse jenoside.

Nubwo urwego rushinzwe gufata abakekwaho jenoside batorotse ubutabera (Genocide Fugitives Tracking Unit- GFTU) rwongerewe ubushobozi, inzira yo guta muri yombi abajenosideri iracyari ndende. Mu mwaka wa 2012, urutonde rwa ba ruharwa bagera 71,658 bakatiwe n’inkiko Gacaca badahari rwashyikirijwe GFTU ngo bashakishwe. Inzego z’ubutabera zidafashe ingamba nshya zo gukemura iki kibazo, bigaragara ko gufata abajenosideri ari umwitozo wazafata imyaka amagana.

Kuva inkiko Gacaca zisoje imirimo yazo, inzego zimwe za Leta zisa n' iziruhukije.

Nyuma y’inkiko Gacaca, Ingufu zabaye nkeya mu gukurikirana abacyekwaho jenoside bakomeje kwidegembya imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’abakatiwe imirimo nsimburagifungo bayitoroka ku bwinshi batayikoze.

Hari n’abahamijwe icyaha cya jenoside banakatirwa igifungo nyamara ntibyabuza Guverinoma kubatumira mu nama y’igihugu y’umushyikirano yabaye mu gushyingo 2013. Abo ba ruharwa barimo uwitwa Murahoneza Lewis Kigurube wakatiwe imyaka 30 y’igifungo, we na bagenzi be bakingiwe ikibaba bakiranwa icyubahiro na bamwe mu bayobozi bakuru b’igihugu kugeza bongeye kurira indege bagasubira mu Burayi nta nkomyi. Imiryango y’abacitse ku icumu nka GAERG yasabye Guverinoma guta muri yombi abo bicanyi, gusa nta cyo byatanze.

Inkiko Gacaca zisoza imirimo yazo, zashyikirije ubushinjacyaha amadosiye y’abakekwaho jenoside bo mu rwego rwa mbere barimo na Rucagu Boniface ngo baburanishwe mu nkiko zisanzwe. Nyamara kugeza none, abamaze kugezwa imbere y’inkiko babarirwa ku mitwe y’ntoki. Muri uru rwego kandi urutonde rw’abagera ku bihumbi 49000 bakekwaho ubufatanyacyaha muri jenoside nabo bashyikirijwe ubushinjacyaha ngo baryozwe ibyo bakoze imbere y’inkiko. Ntibizwi neza niba hari dosiye n’imwe yo muri uru rwego yari yakurikiranwa.

Imibereho myiza

Mu mibereho myiza, Guverinoma icyuye igihe yumvise by’umwihariko impuruza y’Umuryango w’abapfakazi ba jenoside (AVEGA) . Uyu muryango watabarizaga abagizwe incike na jenoside bageze mu zabukuru bagera ku bihumbi 6 barimo abarenga 1400 bakeneye kugobokwa mu maguru mashya.

Guverinoma icyuye igihe ishimirwa ko iki kibazo yakigize icyayo yemera no kuzagenera izo ncike amafaranga agera ku bihumbi 50 buri kwezi yo kubabeshaho. Nubwo icyi cyemezo kitarashyirwa mu bikorwa, imiryango y’abacitse ku icumu isanga icyemezo ubwacyo ari intambwe nziza itanga icyizere.

Guverinoma icyuye igihe ishimirwa kandi kuba yaremeye ko abacitse ku icumu batishoboye bubakiwe amazu bayandikwaho bagahabwa n’ibyangombwa byayo. Kuva mu mwaka wa 1998, amazu yubakirwaga abacitse ku icumu yakomezaga kwitwa amazu ya Leta bityo ba nyira yo bakaba batarashoboraga kuyatangaho ingwate muri banki ngo biteze imbere. Nyuma y’ubuvugizi bw’igihe kirekire imiryango y’abarokotse jenoside yakoze, Guverinoma yemeye kwandika ayo mazu ku barokotse jenoside kuva mu mwaka wa 2012.

Nta wabura kuvuga kandi ko imbaraga guverinoma icyuye igihe yagaragaje kugira ngo inyubako izwi ku izina rya One Dollar Campaign irangire. Nyuma yo gusurwa kw'iyo nyubako inzego bireba zategetswe gutanga arenga miliyoni 400 kugira ngo yuzuzwe ishyirwemo n’ibikenewe byose ngo abo yagenewe bayijyemo. Biteganyijwe ko imfubyi za jenoside 192 zitagira aho zitaha zizacumbikirwa muri iyo nyubako mu ntangiriro z’ukwezi gutaha kwa Kanama.

Bimwe mu bireba abacitse ku icumu bisigaye bidakemutse Guverinoma iyobowe na Murekezi yakwitaho harimo umwanzuro w’inama y’umushyikirano yo mu mwaka wa 2012 usaba Leta gutera inkunga ihoraho imiryango itari iya Leta ifasha abacitse ku icumu; hari kandi inyandiko yashyikirijwe ibiro bya Ministiri w’Intebe itanzwe na IBUKA isaba ko imiryango y’abacitse ku icumu yagira umwanya mu nama y’ubutegetsi bw’Ikigega FARG gikunzwe kunengwa imikorere mibi n’umugenzuzi w’imari ya Leta.