Ni amatora azwi nka midterm elections, aba hagati muri manda ya Perezida. Nubwo Donald Trump atari mu bahatanira imyanya, ibizayavamo bishobora guhindura imikorere y'ubutegetsi bwe mu myaka ibiri isigaye ya manda ye.

Aba-républicain bashaka kugumana ubwiganze mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko, mu gihe Aba-démocrate bafite icyizere cyo kuyigarurira, bakabona ububasha bwo kugenzura ibikorwa bya Trump no gukumira zimwe muri gahunda ze.

Urugamba ntiruri hagati y'aya mashyaka yombi gusa. Rugeze no mu nkiko, aho hakomeje impaka ku burenganzira bwo gutora n'icyakorwa kugira ngo ibyavuye mu matora byizerwe.

Dore ibintu 5 by'ingenzi ukwiye kumenya kuri aya matora n’icyo avuze kuri Afurika.

1. Kuki yitwa amatora ya ‘midterm’?

Ijambo midterm risobanura igihe cyo hagati muri manda. Muri Amerika, Perezida atorwa buri myaka ine, ariko abagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ntibatorerwa igihe kimwe.

Umutwe w'Abadepite, uzwi nka House of Representatives, ugizwe n'abadepite 435, buri wese afite manda y'imyaka ibiri. Ibi bivuze ko imyanya yose yo muri uyu mutwe itorerwa buri myaka ibiri.

Sena yo igizwe n'abasenateri 100, buri wese afite manda y'imyaka itandatu. Ariko ntibatorerwa rimwe, kuko buri myaka ibiri hatorwa hafi kimwe cya gatatu cyabo.

Ni yo mpamvu nyuma y'imyaka ibiri Perezida atangiye manda, Abanyamerika bongera kujya mu matora, nubwo baba batari gutora Perezida mushya.

Aya matora afite akamaro kuko ashobora guhindura ishyaka rigenzura Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, bityo agahindura n'ubushobozi bwa Perezida bwo gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda ze.

2. Ni iyihe myanya izatorerwa ku wa 3 Ugushyingo 2026?

Aya matora arimo imyanya yose 435 y'Umutwe w'Abadepite, imyanya 35 muri Sena ndetse n'imyanya ya ba guverineri muri Leta 36 muri 50 zigize Amerika.

Abaturage bo muri Leta hafi ya zose bazanatora bamwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko ku rwego rwa Leta zabo, hamwe n'abandi bayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze.

Ibi bituma amatora ya midterm agira uruhare runini mu mikorere y'igihugu, kuko atagarukira gusa ku guhindura abadepite n'abasenateri i Washington.

Abayobozi batorwa muri Leta zitandukanye bafite ububasha ku ngingo zirimo uburezi, umutekano, ubuzima, imisoro n'imitegurire y'amatora.

Biteganyijwe ko Abanyamerika barenga miliyoni 100 bashobora kwitabira aya matora, hashingiwe ku mubare w'abatoye mu ya 2022.

Nubwo uwo mubare ari munini, amatora ya midterm akunze kwitabirwa n'abaturage bake ugereranyije n'amatora y'Umukuru w'Igihugu.

3. Aba-démocrate bakeneye imyanya ingahe kugira ngo bambure Trump ubwiganze mu Nteko?

Kugeza mu Ukwakira 2026, Aba-Républicain bafite ubwiganze mu mitwe yombi y'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko.

Mu Mutwe w'Abadepite, bafite imyanya 218, mu gihe Aba-Démocrate bafite 214. Hari kandi umwe wigenga ukorana n'Aba-Républicain n'imyanya ibiri itarimo abayihagarariye.

Muri Sena, Aba-Républicain bafite imyanya 53, Aba-Démocrate n'abigenga bakorana na bo bakagira 47.

Kugira ngo Aba-Démocrate bigarurire Umutwe w'Abadepite, bakeneye kongera nibura imyanya ine ku yo bafite, mu gihe no muri Sena bakeneye kwiyongeraho imyanya ine.

Urugamba rwo kwigarurira Umutwe w'Abadepite rushobora kuborohera kurusha urwo muri Sena, kuko imibare y'amatora y'ibanze igaragaza ko bafite amahirwe yo gutsindira imyanya myinshi.

Muri Sena ho urugamba rurakomeye. Reuters igaragaza ko Aba-Démocrate bagomba kugumana imyanya bafite muri Leta zirimo Michigan na New Hampshire, bakanagerageza kwambura Aba-Républicain indi muri Alaska, Maine, North Carolina, Ohio, Iowa na Texas.

Aba-Républicain nibagumana ubwiganze mu mitwe yombi, Trump azakomeza kugira amahirwe yo kwemeza gahunda ze ariko nibatakaza nibura umwe muri yo, ubutegetsi bwe bushobora guhura n'imbogamizi zikomeye.

4. Trump ntabwo ari umukandida, ariko aya matora ashobora kumubera ikizamini gikomeye

Nubwo izina rya Donald Trump ritazaba ku mpapuro z'itora, aya matora afatwa nk'ikizamini cy'uko Abanyamerika babona imyaka hafi ibiri ishize yongeye kujya ku butegetsi.

Ibyavuye mu ikusanyabitekerezo hagati ya tariki ya 16 na 19 Ukwakira 2026 byagaragaje ko 31% gusa by'Abanyamerika bashyigikiye imikorere ya Trump.

Ni imibare iteye impungenge ku Ba-Républicain, kuko mu mateka ya Amerika ishyaka rifite Perezida ku butegetsi rikunze gutakaza imyanya mu matora ya midterm.

Urugero ni mu 2010, ubwo Aba-Républicain batsindiraga indi myanya 63 mu Mutwe w'Abadepite, bakambura ubwiganze Aba-Démocrate ba Barack Obama.

Mu 2018, ubwo Trump yari muri manda ye ya mbere, ibintu byarahindutse. Aba-Démocrate batsindiye indi myanya 40 mu Mutwe w'Abadepite, barawigarurira.

Mu mateka ya Amerika aya matora yagiye ahindura bikomeye imikorere y'ubutegetsi, rimwe na rimwe agasiga Perezida adafite Inteko imushyigikiye.

Aba-Démocrate bizeye ko n'aya 2026 ashobora kugira ingaruka nk'izo.

5. Ibibazo by'ubukungu, abimukira n'intambara ya Iran byahindutse intwaro za politiki

Kimwe mu bibazo bihangayikishije Abanyamerika ni izamuka ry'ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa na serivisi z'ibanze.

Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abatora bashyira ikibazo cy'ibiciro by'ubuzima bwa buri munsi ku mwanya wa mbere mu bibazo bizagena amahitamo yabo.

Ibiciro by'ibiribwa, ibikomoka kuri peteroli, ubuvuzi n'amacumbi ni bimwe mu bibazo bikomeje guteza impaka.

Intambara Amerika yatangije kuri Iran muri Gashyantare 2026 na yo yagize uruhare mu kuzamura ibiciro by'ingufu, by'umwihariko ibikomoka kuri peteroli.

Ikindi kibazo gikomeye ni politiki ya Trump ku bimukira, aho ubutegetsi bwe bwashyize imbere ibikorwa byo gufata no kwirukana abadafite ibyangombwa byo kuba muri Amerika.

Aba-Républicain bavuga ko izo ngamba zigamije kurinda umutekano w'igihugu no gukumira abimukira binjira mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko.

Aba-Démocrate bo banenga uburyo bikorwa, bavuga ko hari aho bitubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu ndetse bikagira ingaruka no ku miryango y'abimukira.

Indi ngingo yo kwitega muri aya matora ni uburyo bwo gutora hakoreshejwe iposita, buzwi nka mail-in voting.

Ubu buryo butuma umuturage wujuje ibisabwa ashobora gutora atagiye ku biro by'itora, akohereza urupapuro ruriho amahitamo ye binyuze mu iposita.

Ku wa 31 Werurwe 2026, Trump yashyize umukono ku iteka ryasabaga ko hashyirwaho amabwiriza mashya yo kugenzura amajwi yoherezwa muri ubwo buryo.

Muri yo harimo ko amabahasha y'impapuro z'itora agomba kugira barcode yihariye, no guha Ikigo cy'Amaposita cya Amerika, USPS, amakuru y'abatora bazakoresha ubu buryo.

Trump n'ubutegetsi bwe bavuze ko izo ngamba zigamije gukumira uburiganya no kongera icyizere mu matora.

Abatavuga rumwe na we bo bavuze ko zishobora gutuma impapuro z'itora zemewe zangirwa koherezwa, kandi ko Perezida yaba arimo kwivanga mu bubasha bwo gutegura amatora busanzwe bufitwe na Leta zigize Amerika.

Leta 23 na Washington DC zareze ubutegetsi bwa Trump ku iteka rya mbere. Nyuma, Leta 24 na Washington DC zaje no kuregera amabwiriza mashya ya USPS.

Ku wa 14 Nzeri 2026, Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwa Amerika rwanze gukuraho icyemezo cyari cyahagaritse ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ayo mabwiriza mashya mbere y'amatora yo ku wa 3 Ugushyingo.

Ibyo byatumye Leta zikomeza gukoresha uburyo zari zisanzwe zikoresha mu gutora hakoreshejwe iposita.

Nubwo ibyo byabaye, impaka ku buriganya mu matora ntizahagaze. Ubutegetsi bwa Trump bwakomeje gusaba ko hagenzurwa niba abatora bujuje ibisabwa, mu gihe abategetsi b'amatora n'imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwo gutora bavuga ko ibimenyetso bihari bitagaragaza uburiganya bukabije nk'ubuvugwa na Trump.

Ni iki aya matora ashobora guhindura kuri Amerika na Afurika?

Ikintu gikomeye gitegerejwe ni ukumenya ishyaka rizagenzura Inteko Ishinga Amategeko mu myaka ibiri ya nyuma ya manda ya Trump.

Aba-Républicain nibagumana ubwiganze mu mitwe yombi, bizorohera Trump gukomeza gahunda ze zirimo imisoro, abimukira, umutekano n'ishyirwaho ry'abayobozi bakuru.

Aba-Démocrate nibigarurira Umutwe w'Abadepite, bazabona ububasha bwo kuyobora komisiyo zawo, gutumiza abayobozi bakabazwa ibyo bakoze no gutangiza amaperereza ku mikorere y'ubutegetsi.

Icyo gihe, Hakeem Jeffries, usanzwe ayoboye Aba-Démocrate mu Mutwe w'Abadepite, ashobora kuba Perezida wawo, akaba Umunyamerika wa mbere w'umwirabura ugeze kuri uwo mwanya.

Nibigarurira Sena na yo, bazagira ububasha bwo kugenzura no kwemeza bamwe mu bayobozi bashyirwaho na Perezida, barimo abacamanza n'abambasaderi.

Icyakora, gutsinda Inteko ntibivuze ko bazahita bahagarika gahunda zose za Trump. Perezida azakomeza kugira ububasha bwo kwanga gushyira umukono ku mategeko, mu gihe andi ashobora gusaba ubwiganze burenze ubw'ishyaka rimwe kugira ngo yemezwe.

Aba-Démocrate nibigarurira Inteko bashobora gukaza ubugenzuzi ku mikoranire y'ubutegetsi bwa Trump n'ibihugu bya Afurika, cyane cyane ku bijyanye n'ubucuruzi, ubufasha mpuzamahanga n'amasezerano y'umutekano.

Kimwe mu bibazo bashobora kwibandaho ni igabanywa ry'inkunga z'ubutabazi, ubuzima n'iterambere ryakorwaga n'Ikigo cy'Abanyamerika gishinzwe Iterambere Mpuzamahanga, USAID, cyasheshwe n'ubutegetsi bwa Trump.

Bashobora kandi gushyira igitutu ku buyobozi bwa Amerika kugira ngo bukomeze gahunda z'ubucuruzi zirimo AGOA, yorohereza ibihugu bimwe bya Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Amerika bitishyura imisoro ya gasutamo, ikaba iteganyijwe kurangira mu Ukuboza 2028.

Ku rundi ruhande, politiki ya Trump yo gusinyana amasezerano n'ibihugu bya Afurika ajyanye n'amabuye y'agaciro y'ingenzi na yo ishobora kugenzurwa kurushaho, Aba-Démocrate basaba ko hakurikizwa amahame y'uburenganzira bwa muntu, umurimo no kurengera ibidukikije.

No ku bibazo by'umutekano mu karere k'Ibiyaga Bigari, hari ibishobora guhinduka.

Bamwe mu Badepite b'Aba-Démocrate bagaragaje ko bashaka ko Amerika irushaho gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'amasezerano ya Washington yo mu 2025 yerekeye u Rwanda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.

Muri Gicurasi 2026, umudepite Johnny Olszewski yatanze umushinga w'itegeko witwa STABLE DRC Act, ugamije gushyiraho ibihano ku bantu b'abanyamahanga barenga nkana cyangwa babangamira ayo masezerano.

Aba-Démocrate bashobora kandi gukaza ubugenzuzi ku nshingano za Massad Boulos, umujyanama wa Trump mu bibazo bireba Afurika n'ibihugu by'Abarabu, ndetse no ku mikoranire ya Amerika n'ibihugu bya Afurika mu kwakira abimukira birukanwa muri Amerika.