Nyuma y’imyaka icyenda, zombi zarapfuye zidasize urubyaro, bituma umugambi wo kororera ingagi zo mu misozi mu mahanga urangirira aho.

Izi ngagi zari zizwi ku mazina ya Coco na Pucker. Amateka yazo ni kimwe mu bimenyetso bigaragaza ingaruka ibikorwa byo gufata ingagi mu mashyamba, zikajyanwa kororerwa mu bindi bihugu, byagize ku buzima bwazo no ku mibereho y'imiryango yazo.

Kugeza ubu, ingagi zo mu misozi ziboneka mu bihugu bitatu gusa ku Isi, ari byo u Rwanda, Uganda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC).

Ni zimwe mu nyamaswa zikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi muri ibi bihugu, by'umwihariko mu Rwanda, aho kuzisura muri Pariki y'Igihugu y'Ibirunga biri mu bikorwa by'ubukerarugendo byinjiza amafaranga menshi.

Ariko se kuki izi ngagi zitaboneka mu byanya byororerwamo inyamaswa, bizwi nka zoo, nk'uko bigenda ku zindi ngagi?

Ubusanzwe ku Isi hari amoko abiri y'ingenzi y'ingagi: izo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba n'izo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba.

Ingagi zo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba zigabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri, ari byo ingagi zo mu misozi (mountain gorillas) n'ingagi zo mu bibaya byo mu Burasirazuba bwa Afurika (eastern lowland gorillas), zizwi kandi nka Grauer's gorillas.

Ingagi zo mu misozi zigira ubwoya burebure kandi bwinshi, buzifasha kwihanganira ubukonje bwo mu mashyamba yo mu misozi, ahari ubutumburuke bushobora kugera kuri metero 4.000.

Zitungwa ahanini n'ibimera, birimo amababi, ibiti byoroshye n'ibindi bimera biboneka muri ayo mashyamba.

Mu gihe ubundi bwoko bw'ingagi bwagiye bwororerwa muri zoo zo mu Burayi, Amerika n'ahandi, ingagi zo mu misozi zo zagiye zinanirwa kubaho igihe kirekire muri ibyo byanya.

Impamvu nyamukuru yatumye binanirana ntirasobanuka neza, ariko abashakashatsi bagaragaza ko bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n'imirire yihariye y'izi ngagi, ihungabana ziterwa no gukurwa aho zisanzwe ziba ndetse n'indwara.

Uko Coco na Pucker zakuwe mu Rwanda

Kuva mu myaka ya 1920, hagiye habaho ibikorwa byo gufata ingagi zo mu misozi zikajyanwa kororerwa mu mahanga, ariko inyinshi ntizashoboraga kubaho igihe kirekire.

Mu 1968, Umuyobozi w'Umujyi wa Cologne mu Budage, Theo Burauen, yagiriye uruzinduko mu Rwanda, nyuma yaho hafatwa icyemezo cyo guha uwo mujyi ingagi ebyiri zo mu misozi.

Muri Gicurasi 1969, Coco na Pucker zagejejwe muri Cologne Zoo, aho zari zitezweho kororoka.

Icyakora, iki cyemezo cyari cyaramaganywe n'umushakashatsi Dian Fossey, wari umaze igihe akora ubushakashatsi ku ngagi zo mu misozi mu Birunga.

Mu gitabo cye Gorillas in the Mist, yasohoye mu 1983, Fossey yasobanuye uburyo ifatwa rya Coco na Pucker ryagize ingaruka zikomeye ku yindi miryango y'ingagi.

Yagaragaje ko kugira ngo izo ngagi zombi zifatwe, abahigi bishe izindi ngagi zo mu miryango zari zirimo, ibintu byatumye arushaho kwamagana ubucuruzi bw'ingagi zo mu misozi.

Nubwo atashyigikiraga ko zijyanwa mu Budage, Fossey yemeye kuzitaho nyuma yo gufatwa, kugira ngo zongere kugira ubuzima bwiza.

Icyakora, ibikorwa bye byo kubuza ko zijyanwa mu mahanga ntibyatanze umusaruro, kuko zaje koherezwa muri Cologne Zoo.

Imyaka icyenda Coco na Pucker zamaze mu Budage

Brian Batstone, wabaye umwe mu bakozi bitaga kuri Coco na Pucker hagati ya 1973 na 1978, yavuze ko izo ngagi zakundaga gukina no kuzamuka ibiti.

Ati “Nagize amahirwe yo kwita kuri Coco na Pucker kuva mu 1973 kugeza mu 1978. Mu gihe cy’impeshyi, najyaga nzisohokana kugira ngo zigendagende. Ndibuka ko zakundaga cyane kuzamuka igiti kinini cyo mu bwoko bwa Beech cyari giteganye n’inzu y’umuyobozi wa zoo. Iyo zageraga hejuru yacyo, ziyubakiragayo ibiraro byo kuraramo. Zari ingagi zakundaga gukina cyane.”

Batstone yasobanuye ko kimwe mu bibazo bahuye na byo kwari ukubonera izo ngagi ibiribwa bisa n'ibyo zari zisanzwe zirya mu mashyamba yo mu Rwanda.

Ati “Ingagi zikunda kurya ibiribwa bitandukanye, kandi buri ngagi igira ibyo ikunda kurusha ibindi. Kuko tutari dufite ibiribwa nk’ibyo zari zisanzwe zirya mu mashyamba, twatangiye kuziha ibindi birimo seleri, ibitunguru, broccoli, n’izindi mboga, imibyare n’ingano. Seleri, yaba ibice byayo, amababi cyangwa imizi, hamwe n’amababi ya epinari, ni byo biribwa zakundaga kurusha ibindi.”

Yavuze ko mu myaka ya mbere izi ngagi zajyaga zirwara ibicurane cyangwa zigacibwamo, ariko ntibibe ikibazo gikomeye.

Mu 1978, zombi zafashwe n'indwara zikomeye, zitangira kugaragaza intege nke no kubura ubushake bwo kurya.

Nubwo abaganga b'amatungo bagerageje kuzivura, zaje gupfa muri uwo mwaka, nyuma y'imyaka icyenda zimaze mu Budage.

Isuzuma ryakozwe nyuma y'urupfu rwazo ryagaragaje ko zari zaranduye indwara ziterwa na bagiteri, bikekwa ko ibibazo by'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri byagize uruhare mu kuba zitabashije gukira.

Coco na Pucker zapfuye nta mwana n'umwe zibyaye.

Igitangaje ni uko ubwo zajyanwaga mu Budage, zari zitezweho kororoka kuko abazijyanye bakekaga ko imwe ari ingabo indi ikaba ingore.

Nyuma yaho, ibizamini byaje kugaragaza ko zombi zari ingore.

Uko amateka yazo yafashije kongera ubukangurambaga bwo kurinda ingagi

Coco na Pucker zibarirwa mu ngagi za nyuma zo mu misozi zororewe muri zoo zo mu mahanga. Kugeza ubu, nta ngagi zo muri ubu bwoko zizwi ko ziri kororerwa muri ibyo byanya.

Amateka yazo yagaragaje ingaruka zikomeye zo gufata ingagi mu mashyamba, cyane cyane ko kuzifata byashoboraga no gutuma izindi ngagi zo mu miryango yazo zicwa.

Hagati aho, amahanga yagiye ashyiraho amategeko n'amasezerano agamije kurinda inyamaswa ziri mu byago byo kuzimira, arimo amasezerano ya CITES agenga ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bw'inyamaswa n'ibimera byo mu gasozi biri mu byago.

Aya masezerano yashyizweho mu 1973, atangira gukurikizwa mu 1975, mbere y'urupfu rwa Coco na Pucker. U Rwanda rwayasinye ku wa 20 Ukwakira 1980, atangira gukurikizwa ku wa 18 Mutarama 1981.

Aya masezerano yashyizeho uburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura no gukumira ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bushobora gushyira mu kaga inyamaswa zirimo ingagi.

Kugeza ubu, ibisigazwa bya Coco na Pucker bibitswe mu Nzu Ndangamurage y'Amateka y'Ibinyabuzima yo muri Finlande (Finnish Museum of Natural History), i Helsinki.

Pucker yashyizwe mu gice cy'iyo nzu ndangamurage cyerekana inyamaswa, aho igaragazwa mu ishusho isa n'iy'ingagi iri mu mashyamba y'Ibirunga.

Bimwe mu bisigazwa bya Coco, birimo amagufa n'uruhu, bibitswe mu bubiko bukoreshwa n'abashakashatsi.

Ingagi zo mu misozi zikomeje kwiyongera

Nubwo ingagi zo mu misozi zabayeho mu byago bikomeye byo kuzimira, ingamba zo kuzirinda zagiye zitanga umusaruro, zituma umubare wazo wongera kuzamuka.

Ibarura ryakozwe mu 2015-2016 ryagaragaje ko mu Birunga hari ingagi 604, bituma umubare w'ingagi zo mu misozi ku Isi ugera ku 1.004.

Ibarura ryakurikiyeho mu mashyamba ya Bwindi muri Uganda ryatumye umubare wazo ku Isi ugera ku 1.063, nk'uko byatangajwe mu 2019.

Uyu musaruro wagizwemo uruhare n'ingamba zo kurinda amashyamba zibamo, kubungabunga ibidukikije, gukumira ubuhigi butemewe no guteza imbere ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku kubungabunga inyamaswa.

Mu Rwanda, izi ngagi zikomeje kugira uruhare rukomeye mu bukerarugendo.

Imibare y'Urwego rw'Igihugu rw'Iterambere (RDB) igaragaza ko mu 2025 ubukerarugendo bwinjirije u Rwanda miliyoni 685$,avuye kuri miliyoni 647$ mu 2024.