Imikindo n’indabo byo ku muhanda biri mu byakira umwuka mwinshi uhumanye uturuka mu binyabiziga, ndetse bimwe amababi yamaze kwiyongeraho ibara ry’umukara.

Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, OMS riteganya ko umwuka uhumekwa udakwiye kurenza impuzandengo ya 5µg/m3 bya PM2.5 [ni ukuvuga microgram 5 z’umwuka urimo ibinyabutabire nka sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, elemental carbon, organic carbon n’ibindi muri metero cube y’umwuka] mu gihe cy’umwaka.

Ibihugu kandi bisabwa gukora ku buryo umwuka wanduye utagera ku gipimo cya 15 µg/m3 nibura mu minsi hagati y’itatu n’ine ku mwaka.

Umushakashatsi mu byerekeye ibidukikije akaba n’Umwalimu muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, Prof. Kabera Telesphore yabwiye IGIHE ko kuva ibikorwa byo gutwikira ibintu bitandukanye mu ruhame byacibwa, kwandura k’umwuka bituruka kuri ‘Marticulate Matters’ zizwi nka PM2.5 na PM 10 na Monoxide de Carbone (Co).

Ati “Ibyo byose bituruka ku gihe imodoka zirimo kugenda, ni bwo ushobora guhura na byo cyane ku buryo bishobora kukugiraho ingaruka.”

“Nk’iyo imodoka zirimo kugenda hariho igihe gukumeka uba wumva bitameze neza, ikindi ugiye nka hariya ku biro bya Minisitiri w’Intebe ukagenda nko mu biti, iyo uhavuye ukajya kuri NIDA, uhita wumva ko umwuka utandukanye. Nawe wabyumva ko umwuka utari mwiza.”

Ikigo cy’Abasuwisi cya IQAir gikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kugenzura uko umwuka abantu bahumeka wanduye mu bice bitandukanye by’Isi, kigaragaza ko muri Kigali ibyiganje mu kuwuhumanya ari ibinyabutabire bigize PM 2.5 bingana na 58.9µg/m³ mu gihe PM 10 ingana na 65.6µg/m³, bivuze ko ibipimo by’umwuka wanduye muri Kigali byikubye inshuro 11.8 ugereranyije n’ibyo OMS isaba.

Ni ikibazo gihangayikishije, ndetse Meya w’Umujyi wa Kigali, Dusengiyumva Samuel akimara gutorerwa manda y’imyaka itanu tariki 22 Kanama 2024, yatangaje ko abantu nibasabwa kugabanya imyotsi bagomba kubikurikiza, ariko hakanashyirwa imbaraga mu gutera ibiti miliyoni 3 mu myaka itanu iri imbere bizafasha kugarura umwuka mwiza.

Ati “Dufite inshingano ikomeye yo kugira ngo tuzamure ubwiza bw’umwuka duhumeka mu mujyi, hari ikibazo kiremereye cyane cy’umwuka duhumeka hano i Kigali ugenda utakaza ubwiza bwawo kubera ibikorwa byacu abantu.”

Raporo ya Quality Air 2023 yakozwe ku mijyi 114, yashyize Umujyi wa Kigali ku mwanya wa 17 mu igaragaramo umwuka wo guhumeka wanduye kuko urimo utuvungukira twinshi tw’ibinyabutabire tutagaragara.

Prof Kabera wabaye mu Bushinwa imyaka irenga irindwi yahamije ko kubera inganda nyinshi zaho hari igihe abantu baba bambaye agapfukamunwa “ariko ikigero cyacu ntabwo cyari cyagera aho nubwo umwuka rimwe na rimwe uba atari mwiza ariko ntabwo bikabije cyane.”

U Rwanda rushyira ingufu mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituruka ku binyabiziga

Abakora siporo ku manywa baburiwe

Prof. Kabera yavuze ko mu masaha y’amanywa, igihe ibinyabiziga biba bitwaye abantu berekeza mu kazi, ku mashuri cyangwa bavayo abantu badakwiye gukora siporo kuko ari bwo umwuka wanduye uba ari mwinshi cyane.

Ati “Njya mbona abantu bakora siporo saa sita. Ku bijyanye n’imikaya abantu bajya bambwira ngo ni byiza ariko ku mwuka uba uri guhumeka ni bibi. Ni yo mpamvu abantu bagirwa inama yo gukora siporo mu gitondo cyangwa nijoro nta modoka zihari.”

Guhumeka umwuka wanduye bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwa muntu, zirimo kongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri, indwara z’umutima, izibasira imyanya yo mu buhumekero, indwara zibasira imitsi y’ubwonko, bikanaca intege ubudahangarwa by’umubiri.

Prof. Kabera yahamije ko abantu bakwiriye kwirinda cyane guhura n’umwuka uhumanye mu gihe imodoka cyangwa moto ziba zigenda.

Yavuze ko bafatanyije n’Umujyi wa Kigali bagiye gukora ubushakashatsi ku bikorwa bihumanya umwuka muri Kigali, bihujwe n’imirimo ikorerwa mu bice bitandukanye ikorerwa rwagati mu mujyi, bukazavamo igisubizo cy’aho abantu bashobora gutura bizeye ko umwuka bahumeka udahumanye.

Ikigo IQAir cyo kigira inama abantu bari mu mijyi ifite umwuka wanduye kwambara agapfukamunwa no kugira ibyuma biyungurura umwuka (air purifier).

Prof. Telesphore Kabera wigisha muri UR, yavuze ko umwuka uhumanye uhumekwa i Kigali ukomoka ku binyabiziga