Ni impinduka zatangiye kugaragara mu bihugu bitandukanye ku Isi, aho ibigo by’ubucuruzi, amabanki n’ibindi bigo bikomeye biri kwifashisha ubwenge buhangano (Artificial Intelligence – AI) mu mirimo yari isanzwe ikorwa n’abantu.

Mu Rwanda, aho imibare igaragaza ko abaturage barenga miliyoni 4,7 bafite akazi, izi mpinduka zishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo ibigo bikoresha abakozi, ubumenyi bisaba ndetse n’umubare w’abakozi bikenera.

Abahanga mu by'isoko ry'umurimo ku rwego mpuzamahanga bagaragaza ko AI itazakuraho imirimo yose, ahubwo izahindura uburyo myinshi muri yo ikorwa. Hari abazayifashisha mu kongera umusaruro, ariko hari n'abashobora gusanga ibyo bakoraga bitagikeneye abantu benshi nk'uko byari bisanzwe.

Mu mirimo ishobora kugerwaho cyane n'izi mpinduka harimo iy'abanyamakuru, abakosora inkuru, abasemuzi, abakozi b'amabanki, abacungamari, abanyamategeko, abashushanya, abakora amashusho, abarimu, abakozi bakira abakiliya n'abandi bakora imirimo isaba gutunganya amakuru menshi.

Izi mpinduka zitezwe mu gihe u Rwanda rugifite ikibazo cy'ubushomeri, cyane cyane mu rubyiruko.

Ubushakashatsi bw'Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda (NISR) bwo mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2026 bugaragaza ko mu bantu 8.808.239 bafite imyaka yo gukora, ni ukuvuga guhera kuri 16, abagera kuri 4.752.916 ari bo bari bafite akazi.

Abashomeri bari 877.716, bangana na 15,6% by'abari ku isoko ry'umurimo, mu gihe mu gihembwe nk'icyo cya 2025 bari 13,4%.

Ni ukuvuga ko mu mwaka umwe, igipimo cy'ubushomeri cyazamutseho 2,2%.

Mu rubyiruko rufite imyaka 16 kugeza kuri 30, ubushomeri bwari kuri 18,8%, mu gihe mu bantu bafite imyaka 31 kuzamura bwari kuri 13,1%.

Abagore na bo bakomeje kugira ubushomeri buri hejuru y'ubw'abagabo. Mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2026, ubushomeri mu bagore bwari 18,3%, mu gihe mu bagabo bwari 13,3%.

Nubwo nta bimenyetso byerekana ko iri zamuka ry'ubushomeri ryatewe na AI, imibare igaragaza ko impinduka zitegerejwe mu ikoranabuhanga zishobora gusanga hari umubare munini w'abaturage bagifite ikibazo cyo kubona akazi.

Ku Isi, imirimo miliyoni 92 ishobora kuvaho bitarenze mu 2030

Raporo ya World Economic Forum (WEF) yo muri Mutarama 2025, yiswe Future of Jobs Report 2025, igaragaza ko impinduka mu bukungu, ikoranabuhanga n'imibereho y'abaturage zishobora gutuma imirimo miliyoni 92 ivaho ku Isi bitarenze mu 2030.

Muri icyo gihe ariko, biteganyijwe ko hazavuka indi mirimo miliyoni 170, bivuze ko hashobora kwiyongeraho imirimo miliyoni 78.

Ni imibare igaragaza ko nubwo hari abantu bashobora gutakaza akazi, hari n'amahirwe mashya azavuka, cyane cyane ku bafite ubumenyi bujyanye n'ikoranabuhanga.

Iyi raporo kandi igaragaza ko 22% by'imirimo izagerwaho n'impinduka zitandukanye bitarenze mu 2030.

Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy'Imari (IMF) cyo cyagaragaje ko hafi 40% by'imirimo ku Isi ishobora kugerwaho n'impinduka ziterwa na AI.

Mu bihugu bikize, iyi mibare igera kuri 60%, mu gihe mu bihugu bikennye iri kuri 26%.

Ibi ntibivuze ko iyo mirimo yose izavaho, ahubwo bivuze ko hari ibyo abakozi basanzwe bakora bishobora gukorwa n'ikoranabuhanga cyangwa rikabibafashamo.

Imirimo ishobora kwibasirwa mu Rwanda

Urutonde rw'imirimo 66 ishobora guhindurwa cyane n'iterambere rya AI hagati ya 2027 na 2031 rugaragaza ko impinduka zishobora kugera mu nzego hafi ya zose z'ubukungu.

Mu itangazamakuru, nk'urugero, hari imirimo isanzwe ikorwa n'abanyamakuru, abakosora inkuru, abasemuzi n'abatunganya amashusho ishobora kwihutishwa n'iri koranabuhanga.

Ubu hari porogaramu zishobora gufata amakuru y'ibanze zikayakoramo inkuru, gusemura inyandiko ndende mu ndimi zitandukanye, gutunganya amajwi cyangwa gukora amashusho.

Ibi bishobora gutuma ikigo cy'itangazamakuru cyakoraga akazi runaka gikoresheje abakozi benshi kigera ku musaruro nk'uwo gikoresheje bake.

Gusa, kugera aho inkuru yabereye, kuganira n'abaturage, kugenzura amakuru no kumenya ibifitiye abaturage akamaro ni bimwe mu byo umunyamakuru agifiteho uruhare rukomeye.

Mu mabanki, abakozi bashinzwe kwakira abakiliya, gutunganya dosiye z'inguzanyo cyangwa gukora raporo z'imari bashobora kubona zimwe mu nshingano zabo zihinduka.

Hari ikoranabuhanga rishobora gusubiza ibibazo by'abakiliya, gusuzuma amakuru yatanzwe n'usaba inguzanyo no gufasha gutahura ibikorwa by'uburiganya.

Mu bigo by'ubucuruzi, abakozi bashinzwe kwamamaza, gutegura ubutumwa bugenewe abakiliya no gukora ‘graphics’ na bo bashobora gukenera guhindura uburyo bakora.

Abanyamabanga, abakozi bashinzwe kwinjiza amakuru muri mudasobwa, abategura inyandiko z'amasoko n'abashinzwe imirimo y'ubuyobozi ni abandi bashobora kugerwaho n'impinduka, kuko byinshi mu byo bakora bishingira ku nyandiko no gutunganya amakuru.

No mu burezi n'ubuvuzi, AI ishobora gufasha abarimu gutegura amasomo no gukosora imyitozo, cyangwa igafasha abaganga gusesengura amakuru y'abarwayi.

Icyakora, ibi ntibihita bivuga ko umwarimu cyangwa umuganga ashobora gusimburwa burundu, kuko imirimo yabo isaba ubunararibonye, ubushishozi no gufata ibyemezo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw'abantu.

Hari aho batangiye kugabanya abakozi

Imwe mu ngero zigaragaza uko ikoranabuhanga rishobora guhindura isoko ry'umurimo ni urw'ikigo Klarna cyo muri Suède, gikora mu bijyanye na serivisi z'imari.

Mu 2024, Klarna yatangaje ko ikoranabuhanga rya AI yatangiye gukoresha mu kwakira abakiliya ryakoraga akazi kangana n'ak'abakozi 700.

Mu kwezi kwa mbere, iyo porogaramu yari imaze kugirana ibiganiro miliyoni 2,3 n'abakiliya, bingana na bibiri bya gatatu by'ibibazo byose byakiriwe muri iyo serivisi.

Igihe cyakoreshwaga mu gukemura ikibazo cy'umukiliya cyaragabanutse, kiva ku minota 11 kigera ku itarenze ibiri.

Iki kigo cyaje gutangaza ko umubare w'abakozi bacyo wagabanutse uva ku 5000 ujya ku 3800, ahanini binyuze mu kutongera gusimbuza abavuyemo.

Gusa, mu 2025 Klarna yongeye gushyira imbaraga mu gushaka abakozi bakira abakiliya, nyuma yo kubona ko hari ibibazo ikoranabuhanga ridashobora gukemura neza nk'uko umuntu yabikora.

Ni urugero rugaragaza ko nubwo ibigo bishobora gukoresha AI mu kugabanya amafaranga byatangaga ku bakozi, hari aho bikomeza gukenera abantu.

Mu 2026, Amazon yatangaje gahunda yo kugabanya imyanya y'akazi 16.000, mu gihe Microsoft na yo yatangaje gahunda yo kugabanya imyanya igera ku 4800.

Izo ngamba zari zifitanye isano n'ivugurura ry'imikorere y'ibi bigo, mu gihe bikomeje kongera ishoramari mu ikoranabuhanga.

Abakora muri serivisi mu Rwanda bashobora kugerwaho n’impinduka mbere y'abandi

Mu Rwanda, urwego rwa serivisi ni rwo rukoresha abantu benshi kurusha izindi nzego z'ubukungu.

Imibare ya NISR igaragaza ko mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2026, abakozi 45,6% bakoraga muri serivisi, 34,2% bagakora mu buhinzi, naho 20,2% bagakora mu nganda.

Mu 2021, abakoraga muri serivisi bari 34,8%, bivuze ko mu myaka itanu, uruhare rw'uru rwego mu mirimo yiyongereyeho amanota 10,8 ku ijana.

Mu gihe kimwe, uruhare rw'ubuhinzi mu mirimo rwavuye kuri 44,6% rugera kuri 34,2%.

Ibi bifite icyo bivuze ku hazaza h'isoko ry'umurimo, kuko zimwe mu nshingano zishobora gukorwa na AI ziboneka muri serivisi, cyane cyane mu bigo by'imari, itumanaho, ubucuruzi n'ubuyobozi.

Urugero, ikigo gifite abakozi benshi bashinzwe gusubiza ibibazo by'abakiliya gishobora gushyiraho uburyo bwo kubisubiza hakoreshejwe AI, abakozi bagasigara bakemura ibibazo bikomeye cyangwa bisaba kuganira n'umuntu.

Ikigo cyari gisanzwe gifite abantu benshi bashinzwe kwandika raporo, kwinjiza amakuru muri mudasobwa cyangwa gutegura inyandiko na cyo gishobora kugabanya igihe gikoreshwa kuri iyo mirimo.

Ariko si imirimo yose yo muri serivisi ishobora kugirwaho ingaruka ku rugero rumwe. Hari isaba guhura n'abantu, gutanga serivisi zifatika cyangwa gukora ibikorwa AI idashobora gukora yonyine.

Ni iki kizaba ku rubyiruko rushaka akazi?

Kimwe mu bibazo bishobora kuvuka ni icy'abantu bazaba barangije amashuri bashaka kwinjira ku isoko ry'umurimo mu gihe ibigo byinshi bizaba byaratangiye gukoresha AI mu nshingano zimwe na zimwe.

Ubusanzwe, hari imirimo ikorwa n'abantu batangiye akazi, nk'iyo kwinjiza amakuru muri mudasobwa, gutegura inyandiko zoroshye, gufasha abakiliya cyangwa gukora raporo z'ibanze.

Mu gihe iyi mirimo yatangira gukorwa n'ikoranabuhanga, bishobora kugora bamwe mu barangije amashuri kubona aho batangirira ngo babone ubunararibonye.

Ku rundi ruhande, AI ishobora no gufasha urubyiruko kwihangira imirimo no gutangiza ubucuruzi rutiriwe rukenera igishoro kinini cyo guhemba abakozi benshi.

Urugero, umuntu umwe ashobora gukoresha porogaramu zitandukanye mu gutegura ubucuruzi, gukora amatangazo, kugera ku bakiliya no gucunga amakuru y'ibicuruzwa bye.

Raporo ya WEF igaragaza ko mu myaka iri imbere hazakenerwa cyane abantu bafite ubumenyi mu gusesengura amakuru, kurinda umutekano w'ikoranabuhanga no guteza imbere porogaramu za AI.

Inagaragaza ko ubushobozi bwo gutekereza byimbitse, gukemura ibibazo no guhanga udushya buzakomeza kuba ingenzi ku bakozi.

U Rwanda rwiteguye rute?

Mu 2023, u Rwanda rwemeje Politiki y'Igihugu igenga ikoranabuhanga ry'ubwenge buhangano, igamije guteza imbere ikoreshwa ryaryo mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo uburezi, ubuzima, ubuhinzi n'imikorere y'inzego za Leta.

Iyi politiki inashyira imbere kongerera abaturage ubumenyi mu ikoranabuhanga, guteza imbere ubushakashatsi no kubaka ibikorwaremezo bizafasha igihugu kubyaza umusaruro AI.

Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rishobora kongera umusaruro w'ibigo no gufasha ubukungu gutera imbere, rizanasaba ko abakozi basanzwe ku isoko ry'umurimo bongererwa ubumenyi kugira ngo bashobore gukorana na ryo.

Mu Rwanda, aho ubushomeri mu rubyiruko bukiri hejuru, ikibazo ntikizaba gusa icyo guhanga imirimo mishya, ahubwo kizaba n'icyo gutegura abazayikora no gufasha abasanzwe bafite akazi kujyana n'igihe.

Nta bushakashatsi bwakozwe bugaragaza umubare w'Abanyarwanda bashobora gutakaza akazi kubera AI hagati ya 2027 na 2031. Gusa, ibimaze kugaragara mu bihugu bitandukanye byerekana ko impinduka mu buryo imirimo ikorwa zatangiye.

Ku mukozi umaze imyaka myinshi mu mwuga umwe, ibyo bishobora gusaba kwiga uburyo bushya bwo gukora. Ku muntu ukiri mu ishuri, bishobora gusaba gutekereza ku bumenyi azakenera igihe azaba yinjiye ku isoko ry'umurimo.

Ku bakoresha na bo, bizaba ari ugushaka uko bakoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kongera umusaruro batirengagije agaciro k'ubumenyi n'uburambe by'abakozi.

Mu myaka iri imbere, bishoboka ko abantu benshi bazakomeza gukora akazi bakora uyu munsi, ariko uburyo bagakora bukaba butandukanye cyane n'ubwo bamenyereye.