Mu kiganiro yagiranye na IGIHE, Dr. Habineza yagarutse ku rugendo rw’iri shyaka ryashinzwe mu 2009, rikemerwa mu 2013, n’uruhare avuga ko ryagize mu gutanga ibitekerezo ku mibereho y’abaturage. Muri byo harimo kongera imishahara y’abarimu, kugaburira abana ku mashuri no kugabanya umusoro w’ubutaka.

Yanagaragaje ibyo DGPR yifuza ko bihinduka, birimo kugabanya umusoro ku nyongeragaciro ukava kuri 18% ukagera kuri 14%, anasaba abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze gushyira imbere ikibazo cy’ibiribwa bihenze no gukurikirana ibibazo by’abaturage kugeza bikemutse.

IGIHE: Gushinga ishyaka ritavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu Rwanda mu gihe cyanyu byari bimeze bite?

Dr. Habineza: Ishyaka Riharanira Demokarasi no kurengera ibidukikije ryavutse muri Kanama 2009, ryandikwa mu yemewe n’amategeko mu Rwanda mu 2013.

Twatangiye turi ishyaka ritavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi [opposition], ntabwo ari ibintu byari bimenyerewe mu Rwanda cyane cyane kubera amateka mabi igihugu cyari cyaravuyemo y’amashyaka menshi yabayeho mu 1991, ndetse ayo mashyaka yaragize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ayo mashyaka kandi akaba yaragize uruhare mu bikorwa bibi byo kwicana, kurwana, natwe tuvuze ko tugiye gukora ishyaka ritavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi abantu bashaka kudufata gutyo kandi twari tuzanywe na opposition y’amahoro.

Tukabasobanurira ngo twebwe dufite ibyo dushaka ko bihinduka ariko natwe dufite ibitekerezo bishya dushaka ko bihinduka, twavugaga ko dushaka no gukosora ibyo twabonaga FPR itakoze cyangwa se ibyo yari yaratwemereye itashyize mu bikorwa. Abantu ntibabyumvise neza ariko na byo birumvikana kuko bwari ubwa mbere babonye ishyaka rije ku mugaragaro ariko tukababwira tuti ‘nuje amahoro nta mbunda tuzanye’.

Bo bari bamenyereye ko ari ishyaka rirwanya Leta, cyangwa se rifite imbunda kandi twebwe nta mbunda twari dufite. Ngira ngo biri mu byatumye dutinda kwemererwa, abantu bari bagisuzuma ngo barebe mu by’ukuri niba tugenzwa n’amahoro ariko baje gusanga turi ishyaka ry’amahoro, turi ishyaka ry’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge bw’Abanyarwanda riharanira imibereho myiza y’Abanyarwanda […] nyuma tumaze kwemerwa byabaye na ngombwa ko tuganira niba tuzajya mu ihuriro nyunguranabitekerezo ry’imitwe ya politiki byadufashe umwaka wose.

IGIHE: Mu byo mwanengaga mugitangira hari ibyo mubona byahindutse? 

Dr. Habineza: Turebye imyaka tumaze ndumva imaze kugera kuri 17, dusanga hari ibyahindutse. Uko twatangiye n’uko bimeze ubu hari impinduka zabaye nyinshi dushimira ko Leta yagiye ibyumva. Icyo gihe umuntu wavugaga ko atavuga rumwe na Leta, bakwitaga umwanzi w’igihugu, kuvuga ngo ntabwo uvuga rumwe na Leta nta muntu washoboraga kubyumva ariko ubu abantu bamaze kubimenyera ko ishyaka ritavuga rumwe na Leta atari umwanzi w’igihugu, ndetse ushobora gutanga ibitekerezo.

Nari buvuge ko tumaze kujya mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko hari ibitekerezo byinshi twatanze Leta irabyemera. Urumva ko ya shusho mbi batubonagamo yarahindutse […].

Ikindi nshima cyane icyo gihe abaturage batinyaga kuvuga ku maradiyo, gutanga ibitekerezo byabo ariko ubu iyo ushyizeho radiyo mu gitondo wumva abaturage bahamagara bavuga ibitagenda neza mu giturage, ku ba meya bakoze ibintu runaka, rwose ugasanga abaturage bisanzuye, bigaragaza ko nta muntu ubafunga ariko mbere umuturage wavuganaga n’itangazamakuru yahitaga agira ibibazo mu giturage n’inzego ariko ubu byarahindutse.[…] mu nzira yacu ya demokarasi hari ibimaze gukorwa ariko hari byinshi bigikeneye kuzakorwa.

Mwavuze ko hari ibitekerezo mwatanze Leta ikabyemera ndetse inabishyira mu bikorwa. Ni nk’ibihe by’ingenzi?

Nyuma yuko ishyaka rimaze kwemerwa twaje kwitabira amatora ya Perezida wa Repubulika 2017 ndetse twitabira n’amatora y’Abadepite 2018 ayo twashoboye kwinjira mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko turi babiri, njyewe [Habineza] na mugenzi wanjye Ntezimana Jean Claude. Twiyamamaza mu 2017 hari ibitekerezo twatanze byari muri manifesto y’ishyaka cyangwa se iby’umukandida perezida [yari njyewe], nari navuze ko nibatugirira icyizere tuzateza imbere ireme ry’uburezi, hari ingingo twibandagaho cyane cyane, iya mbere twavugaga ko mwarimu wigisha abana agomba kuzamurirwa umushahara nibura 100% kuko twabonaga ko nta kuntu wavuga ngo mwarimu azakwigishiriza umwana na we adafite uko abayeho, adashobora no kurihira umwana we.

Ikindi twavugaga cyari uko umwana adashobora kwiga ashonje. Twaravugaga ngo umwana nuvuga ngo agomba kwiga akirirwa ashonje nta kintu yariye…nari nasezeranyije ko abana tuzabagaburira ifunguro rishyushye tugashyiraho n’akaboga, ndetse ikindi cyari kijyanye n’integanyanyigisho, twabonaga ururimi rw’Igifaransa rwarasubiye inyuma, rutakitabwaho, tuvuga ko dushobora kurugarura na rwo rwongere rugire agaciro.

Navuga ko muri ibyo twavugaga bijyanye n’ireme ry’uburezi, umushahara wa mwarimu Leta yaje kubyemera uza kongerwa kuri 66% ku barimu b’amashuri abanza na 44% ku barimu b’amashuri yisumbuye, tukaba tugifite icyifuzo ku ba kaminuza ko na wo uzazamuka.

Ku bijyanye no kugaburira abana twarabivuze, tubigarukaho no mu mutwe w’Abadepite, nyuma yaho Leta iza kubyemera hajyaho gahunda yo kugaburira abana mu mashuri yose ya Leta n’amashuri yigenga. Ngira ngo ubu kugaburira abana ku mashuri byabaye umuco ariko bifite aho byavuye.

Mu bindi dutanga ibitekerezo byacu twatinze cyane ku misoro y’ubutaka, icyangombwa cy’ubutaka. Ku cyangombwa cy’ubutaka hano mu Mujyi wa Kigali twari dufite icyangombwa cy’ubutaka cy’imyaka 20, twe tukumva ko twakagombye kubona inya burundu kuko twavugaga ko nta mpamvu yo kuba dukodesha ubutaka kuri Leta kandi ubutaka twarabuhawe n’Imana y’i Rwanda. Ni ukuvuga ko Leta yakagombye kugira ubutaka bwayo natwe tukagira ubwacu, ho turacyahahagaze cyane.

Icyiza ni uko itegeko ryaje gusohoka turi mu Badepite ryemerera abaturage kugira icyangombwa cy’ubutaka cy’imyaka 99 yiyongera ivuye ku myaka 20 ndetse hazamo n’icyo bita inkondabutaka, kubona icyangombwa cya burundu biremewe.

Ikindi navuga ni umusoro w’ubutaka inteko twari dusimbuye yari yarazamuye umusoro iwukuye kuri 80 Frw iwugeza kuri 300 Frw kuri metero kare. Icyo gihe twe twaje tuvuga ko tugiye kuwukuraho burundu kuko twabonaga ubwo butaka si ubwacu, ngaho Leta irabudukodesheje irangije iratwishyuza n’umusoro. Tukavuga ngo nta kuntu waba ukodesha inzu ngo unayishyurire umusoro.

[…]Nk’umudepite nakoze umushinga w’itegeko uvugurura ririya tegeko nywutanga ku bayobozi bacu ngaragaza ko umusoro wava ku mafaranga 300 Frw ukajya ku 100 Frw kuri metero kare, hari n’izindi ngingo nari nashyizemo nyinshi, nyuma yaho abayobozi b’inteko baje kuduhamagara, batubwira ko umushinga bawushimye ari mwiza ariko bagaragaza ko Leta iribuhombe amafaranga, bansaba ko ntanga undi mushinga uribugarure ariya mafaranga nibaramuka bemeje uriya mushinga.

Byaje kungora ariko ntabwo twacitse intege twakomeje kubigaragaza…cya gitekerezo cyanjye nubwo byagaragaraga ko kigiye gupfira mu nteko cyarasohotse abantu barabyumva bigera aho Perezida [Kagame] ahagarika uwo musoro ndetse Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi tuganira na yo wa mushinga wanjye w’itegeko irawufata irawuvugurura itegeko ryari rihari ko amafaranga ari 300 Frw MINECOFIN isaba ko yasubira kuri 80 Frw urumva ko ari intsinzi ikomeye cyane.

Hari ibindi mubona bikwiye guhinduka?

Dufite byinshi twifuza kandi na byo twizera ko bizagenda bigerwaho nk’ubu navuga ku bijyanye n’ubukungu ko umusoro ku nyongeragaciro [TVA] urabona ko mu Rwanda turi kuri 18%, turifuza ko na wo wagabanyuka ukagera kuri 14% kuko twaje kureba mu bihugu bya EAC hari n’ahandi bitari kuri 18%.

Twumva ko umusoro uko ukomeza kuba mwinshi abaturage bananirwa kuwutanga bakanashaka uburyo bawukwepa no gukora za magendu noneho igihugu kigahomba, cyangwa abandi bakava no mu gihugu bagenda ariko iyo ugabanyutse abakora baba benshi noneho Leta ikungukira muri benshi batanga uwo musoro aho kugira ngo isoreshe bakeya. Iyo ni politiki twizeho neza cyane ikaba ari yo mpamvu dushishikariza ko imisoro myinshi iremereye abaturage cyane cyane abacuruzi yagabanyuka noneho abacuruzi bakaba benshi n’ibintu bikagenda bihenduka.

Mwatangiye kwegereza ubuyobozi bw’ishyaka mu mirenge. Bigamije iki? 

Icyo bidufasha ni uko tubona abanyamuryango bashya batari abayoboke bacu bakaba abayoboke, ariko n’amakuru ya Green Party akagera mu baturage kuko benshi baratubwiraga ngo turabakunda ariko twarababuze…

Ikintu nyamukuru cyane, Abanyarwanda ni bo batuye ku mudugudu, mu isibo, ku kagali, mu murenge, habamo ibibazo byaho bahura nabyo. Byinshi iyo turi mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ntabwo tubimenya uretse kuba wabyumva ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ariko hari abantu bashyiramo ibikabyo bishakira views ntumenye ukuri kwabyo ariko umuntu ari hariya ashobora kukubwira ati ‘hano mu murenge wacu dufite ikibazo cy’amazi cyangwa amashanyarazi ntayo mudukorere ubuvugizi. Urumva umuntu wawe uri hariya ntabwo ashobora kukubeshya, aba ari kuvuga ikibazo cyabaye uwo munsi utagiye kukireba kuri facebook cyangwa kuri Twitter.’

Urumva ko bifasha gukora ubuvugizi Abanyarwanda ku bibazo byabo ako kanya. Njyewe ndi Umusenateri ariko dufite na bagenzi bacu b’Abadepite dushinzwe kuvuganira Abanyarwanda ariko ntabwo dukeneye kubavuganira ku bintu byataye igihe. 

Kuzavuga ikibazo nyuma y’icyumweru kuko wabibonye mu itagazamakuru, kuri Facebook, X, uvumva ko biba byamaze gutakaza agaciro kabyo ariko umuntu akubwiye ati ‘hano hari umugezi watobotse, isuri yaje yadutwariye imirima, ba meya ntabwo bari baza kudufasha…iyo ubimenye  uhita ugira vuba cyane ugasanga hari ibyo ushobora gukemura, Leta ibereyeho gukemura ibibazo by’abaturage.

Abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze bari gutorwa muri iki gihe ni iki bakwiye kwitaho cya mbere?

Ikibazo cyo kwihaza mu biribwa, icyo abayobozi bose bakirebeho kuko abaturage barakubwira ngo ikibazo cy’ibiribwa, ibiryo birahenze, iyo miceri ntiboneka, ibishyimbo ntabwo biri kuboneka, hari ibintu twakabaye dukura iwacu giturage ariko dutegereje ko tubikura hanze. Ntabwo biri kuboneka neza.

Mbona ko ari cyo kintu umuyobozi wese uzatorwa yagombye kubanza kwibandaho kugira ngo bizakemuke.

Igenamigambi ni cyo kintu gikwiriye kunozwa, hari ibyo dufite, hari n’ibyo tudafite ariko uturere dushobora guhahirana tuvuge nk’i Musanze Rubavu na Nyabihu bafite ibirayi, Kayonza na Rwamagana bafite ibitoki abantu bakamenya ukuntu bashobora kuba magirirane tugahahirana. 

Mubona ari iyihe mpamvu abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze bategereza ko ibibazo by’abaturage bikemurwa n’Umukuru w’Igihugu?

Abantu bo mu nzego z’ibanze bakunze gukora ikintu cyo gukora ibicanye maremare. Mukanya iyo haje ngo tugiye kurwanya imvunja, imbaraga zose zishyirwa mu mu kurwanya imvunja, bavuga kurwanya nyakatsi imbaraga zose zikajya muri nyakatsi, bavuga ngo tugiye gukora amaterasi bose bakajya mu gukora amaterasi ariko noneho ikibazo nabonye cya kindi bari bariho iyo kitararangira ntibakigarukaho. Bakeneye ibintu byo guhuza igenamigambi ryabo ku buryo ibintu bakoze bashobora kuzajya babikurikirana ntibabite. Nubwo bajyana n’ibicanye maremare ariko na biriya bicanye magufi ntibabite.