Ni cyo kibazo ubushakashatsi bw’umuryango Transparency International (TI) urwanya ruswa n’akarengane ugaragaza muri kaminuza n’amashuri makuru mu Rwanda, aho bamwe mu banyeshuri b’abakobwa bavuga ko basabwe ruswa y’igitsina kugira ngo bahabwe amanota meza, ababyanze barahakubitikira.

Ubushakashatsi bwa TI-Rwanda bwasohotse muri Nzeri 2022 bugaragaza ko mu mashuri makuru na kaminuza, ruswa ishingiye ku gitsina yagaragajwe ku kigero cya 42,6% ndetse ni aha kabiri yagaragaye cyane. Mu bikorera yari kuri 57,2%, naho mu nzego z’ibanze yari kuri 37,2%.

Mu mashuri yisumbuye, ruswa yari kuri 36,1%, mu rwego rw’ubutabera yari kuri 23,1%, muri za Minisiteri yari 19,7%, naho mu bigo nderabuzima n’ibitaro ikaba kuri 19,3%.

Mu buhamya bwakusanyijwe, umunyeshuri wigaga muri kaminuza yagize ati “Umunyeshuri twiganaga yari umuhanga cyane kandi abanyeshuri bose bo mu ishuri ryacu bari babizi. Icyadutangaje ni uko yahawe amanota zeru ku ijana mu masuzuma no mu bizamini nyamara twese twari tuzi ko yari yarabikoze byose.”

Uyu munyeshuri yavuze ko mugenzi we akimara kubona iki kibazo, yahamagaye umwarimu kuri telefone amusaba gusobanurirwa iby’amanota ye. Umwarimu yamuhaye gahunda yo guhura, maze bahuye amusaba ko baryamana.

Ati “Yamubwiye ko natabyemera azamutsindisha. Uwo munyeshuri yarabyanze, ajya gutanga ikirego ku muyobozi w’ishami yigagamo. Icyakora, umuhate wose yashyizemo ntacyo watanze, kuko uwo mwarimu yakomeje kwemeza ko amanota yamuhaye ari yo.”

Iki kibazo ntigitangiye kuvugwa uyu munsi kuko mu 2019, inama idasanzwe ya Kaminuza y’u Rwanda yari yaragaragaje impungenge kuri ruswa mu burezi, aho bamwe mu barimu bavugwagaho gusaba abanyeshuri ruswa y’igitsina kugira ngo babongerere amanota.

Nyamara ubushakashatsi bwakurikiyeho bugaragaza ko ikibazo kitarangiye kuko ubushakashatsi bwa TI-Rwanda bwasohotse muri Gicurasi 2025 bwagaragaje impungenge zikomeye ku buryo abarimu bakomeje gusaba abanyeshuri ruswa y’igitsina mu mashuri makuru na kaminuza.

Ubushashatsi bwo muri Gicurasi umwaka ushize bushingiye ku buhamya bw’abahuye n’iki kibazo, abakibonye ndetse n’abakozi bo mu mashuri makuru ya Leta n’ayigenga. Amazina y’abatanze ubuhamya yarahinduwe mu rwego rwo kubarindira umutekano.

Umukobwa wigaga muri kaminuza yigenga icyo gihe yavuze ko Umuyobozi w’Ishami yatangiye kumwoherereza ubutumwa n’amafoto biteye isoni. Yasobanuye ko yagerageje kumuhunga, ahindura amasaha yo kwiga ariko imyitwarire y’uyu murezi ntiyahindutse.

Uyu muyobozi yatangiye gukura amanota y’uyu mukobwa muri sisiteme y’ishuri cyangwa akamubwira ko yatsinzwe amasomo, afite intego yo kugira ngo umunyeshuri yemere icyo yamushakagaho.

Uyu mukobwa yagize ati “Amaherezo amanota yanjye yaragabanyijwe, bigira ingaruka ku hazaza hanjye kandi binsigira ihungabana, kubera gusa ko ndi umugore.”

Yagerageje gushaka ubutabera, ageza ikibazo ku buyobozi bwa kaminuza, anakora ibishoboka ngo inkuru ye igere mu itangazamakuru ariko umunyamakuru wari watangiye kugikurikirana aterwa ubwoba ko ashobora kuregwa gusebanya, ahitamo kureka kugikurikirana.

Uyu munyeshuri yagize ati “Nyuma y’ibyo natakarije icyizere inzego. Natekereje nti ‘ko nabonye impamyabumenyi yanjye reka nigendere mbirekere aho’.”

Hari abanyeshuri banga gutanga ikirego kubera gutinya ingaruka ingaruka bashobora guhura na zo, cyane cyane iyo uwo barega afite umwanya ukomeye cyangwa afitanye imikoranire ya hafi n’ubuyobozi bw’ikigo.

Undi munyeshuri yavuze ko ubwo yageragezaga gutanga ikirego mu buyobozi bw’ishuri, ikibazo cye kitahawe uburemere.

Yagize ati “Bashobora kukubwira ngo andika ikibazo cyawe ugishyikirize umuyobozi, ariko nyuma ntibagire icyo bagusubiza.”

Nyuma yo kubona ko ubuyobozi bw’ishuri ntacyo bumufasha, yitabaje TI-Rwanda kugira ngo imufashe, na yo imutangira ikirego mu Rwego rw’Igihugu rw’Ubugenzacyaha, RIB. Ikibazo cyagejejwe mu rukiko, rukatira umwarimu igifungo cy’imyaka itanu.

Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko ingaruka za ruswa y’igitsina zitagarukira ku gutsindwa isomo. Hari abo itinza kurangiza kaminuza, igatuma basubiramo amasomo bakishyura andi mafaranga, abandi bakagira ihungabana, ubwoba cyangwa bagatakaza icyizere.

Umwe mu bo byagizeho ingaruka yavuze ko byamusabye kwishyura 75.000 Frw y’inyongera kubera gusubiramo isomo, bikamubuza kurangiza amasomo mu mwaka yari ateganyije.

Hari n’abahisemo kureka amasomo burundu kubera iki kibazo. Umwe muri bo yavuze ko umwarimu yamuhamagariye mu biro asa n’ushaka ko baganira ku myigire ye, ariko aza kumusaba ruswa y’igitsina.

Uyu mukobwa yavuze ko ihungabana yatewe n’ibyamubayeho hamwe n’ibibazo by’amasomo byakurikiyeho byatumye ava muri kaminuza burundu.

TI-Rwanda isaba ko kaminuza gushyiraho uburyo bw’ibanga kandi bwizewe bwo gutanga ibirego, hakabaho inzego zigenga zikora iperereza, ndetse abarimu cyangwa abakozi bahamwe na ruswa y’igitsina bakirukanwa kandi bagakurikiranwa n’amategeko.

Inasaba ko ububasha bwo kwinjiza amanota muri sisiteme no kuyahindura butaguma mu maboko y’umuntu umwe gusa, ahubwo hakabaho urundi rwego rutabogamye rubigenzura.

No mu yisumbuye bararira

Ikibazo cya ruswa y’igitsina si umwihariko w’amashuri makuru na kaminuza gusa nubwo ari ho cyiganje, kuko mu bihe bitandukanye, cyanagaragaye mu mashuri y’isumbuye, yaba iyakwa abanyeshuri cyangwa se abakozi, nk’uko ubushakashatsi bubigaragaza.

Uwabaye umukozi umukozi w’ishuri, yavuze ko umuyobozi waryo yamusabye kujya amusomera mu biro buri munsi, amuhemba kumugira umwe mu basinya mu gihe bagiye kubikuza amafaranga kuri banki.

Ati “Njyewe ndaguha urugero, byambayeho. Umuyobozi w’ishuri ampa ibwiriza ry’uko buri gitondo ngomba kujya mbyuka nkamusomera mu biro. Nyuma yaho rero yaje kungira usinya kuri konte y’ishuri, biriya byo kujya gufata amafaranga kuri konte z’ibigo.”

Uyu mugore yavuze ko byageze mu mpera z’icyumweru, umuyobozi w’ishuri aramuhamagara, asanga yamuteguriye neza igitanda mu ‘Cyumba cya Nyampinga’, amumenyesha ko icyo ashaka ari uko baryamana.

Ati “Noneho mu mpera z’icyumweru, aza gutuma umumotari kuza kumfata mu rugo, ndagenda, ngezeyo, hari icyumba cy’abakobwa tugira, gitatse neza rwose, ati ‘Nta n’ikindi nguhamagariye ni icyo ngicyo kandi niwanga umenye ko ntazakuzamura mu ntera’. Naranze, narinze mvayo ntazamuwe mu ntera.”

Umukobwa wari umunyeshuri yavuze ko ubwo yigaga mu mwaka wa gatatu w’amashuri yisumbuye, yabyaye, ava mu ishuri ariko hashize amezi icyenda asubira ku ishuri, umuyobozi waryo yanga kumwakira, amubwira ko atakira ‘abagore’.

Yagize ati “Njya ku kindi kigo, umuyobozi umwe arambwira ati ‘kugira ngo nguhe ishuri hano, buri mpera z’icyumweru uzajya uza iwanjye’. Ndamubwira nti ‘Ntabwo nabishobora, ubwo ngubwo kwiga ndabireka.”

Itegeko ry’u Rwanda riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rishyira ruswa y’igitsina mu cyaha cy’ishimishamubiri rishingiye ku gitsina.

Ingingo ya 6 yaryo iteganya ko uhamijwe icyaha cyo gusaba cyangwa gukora ishimishamubiri rishingiye ku gitsina ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka itanu ariko kitarenze imyaka irindwi, agacibwa n’ihazabu itari munsi ya 1.000.000 Frw ariko itarenze 2.000.000 Frw.