Kwibohora mu Rwanda, ni ikimenyetso cy’ihagarikwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 ndetse n’intangiriro y’urugendo rushya rwo kongera kubaka u Rwanda. Niryo zingiro ry’Ubudaheranwa bw’Abanyarwanda, bushingiye ku bumwe n’ubwiyunge.

Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, byabaye ngombwa ko u Rwanda rwimakaza imiyoborere yegereye umuturage, ishingiye ku muturage, biba inkingi ya mwamba y’iterambere, by’umwihariko hashyirwa imbere kongerera ubushobozi inzego z’ibanze mu nzego zitandukanye (ifatwa ry’ibyemezo, Ubukangurambaga, inzego z’imitegekere y’Igihugu zishoboye, ubushobozi mu igenamigambi, mu mitangire ya serivisi, abakozi bafite ubushobozi, imicungire y’umutungo n’imikoreshereze y’ingengo y’imari n’ibindi).

Ni uburyo kandi bwagiyeho bugamije guteza imbere imyumvire yo kubazwa inshingano, kudaheza, kwita ku byifuzo by’umuturage himakazwa ubumwe no kubaka ejo hazaza heza.

Uwo murongo wa Politiki yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi wazamuye uruhare rw’inzego z’ibanze mu miyoborere, imitangire myiza ya serivisi, abaturage bahabwa ijambo mu bibakorerwa babigiramo uruhare mu buryo bufatika (kwihitiramo ababayobora, Umutekano, ibidukikije, ibikorwa remezo, Imihigo, Itorero ry’Igihugu, kurwanya ruswa n’akarengane, Kuremera abatishoboye…etc) bityo babigira ibyabo, umusaruro wabyo uba iterambere rusange n’ituze rusange u Rwanda rwishimira kuri ubu. Aha tugiye kurebera hamwe akamaro byagize:

Kuzamura Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge

Kwibohora byagize uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu Rwanda, abaturage bumva neza akamaro k’ubudaheranwa, ari nako bafashanya komorana ibikomere. Binyuze muri gahunda zitandukanye nk’ibiganiro, Inkiko Gacaca (Ubutabera bwunga), ibikorwa byo Kwibuka n’izindi nyigisho. Kwibohora byafashije Abanyarwanda gusubiza amaso inyuma bigira ku makosa yagiye akorwa mu bihe bitandukanye byashize, bafatira hamwe ingamba zigamije kubaka ejo heza bahuriyeho.

Ibi byafashije mu kugabanya ivangura n’amacakubiri ashingiye ku mōko, uturere n’ibindi, abaturage bose bibona muri gahunda ya Ndi Umunyarwanda, bashyira imbere kubabarirana ari nabyo bitumye imyaka 31 ishize Igihugu kiganje mu mahoro, ituze, umutekano n’iterambere.

Kongera uruhare rw’umuturage mu bikorwa

Muri iyi myaka 31 ishize u Rwanda rwibohoye, hashyizweho uburyo butandukanye bugamije guha umuturage ijambo. Byatumye uruhare rwe mu iterambere rugaragara ndetse binamwongerera ubushobozi, ku buryo kuri ubu hejuru ya 80% bagira uruhare mu kwikemurira ibibazo no gutanga ibitekerezo mu bikorwa. Iyo mibare yavuye kuri 65.63% mu 2018.

Urwego rw’Imiyoborere myiza no Kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi bifite uruhare runini mu kwegera abaturage, kubinjiza muri gahunda z’iterambere bagahindura imyumvire, tukagira umuturage wiyumvamo ubushobozi bwo kwishakamo ibisubizo aho gutega amaboko Leta. Ku “u Rwanda” by’umwihariko, byafashije guteza imbere indangagaciro yo gukunda Igihugu ndetse n’Umuco wo kubazwa inshingano.

Inzego z’Ibanze nazo zabigizemo uruhare zishishikariza abaturage kwirinda amakimbirane yo mu muryango, kongera umusaruro w’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, guteza imbere uburezi, uburere bw’abana n’imikurire yabo, gufasha abatishoboye binyuze mu kubakira abadafite icumbi no kurwanya imirire mibi. Hubatswe kandi ibikorwaremezo nk’amashuri, amavuriro binyuze muri gahunda zihuza abaturage nk’Umuganda. Ntabwo twakwirengagiza kandi uruhare rw’ubwisungane mu kwivuza (Mutuelle de Santé) mu kuzamura imitangire ya serivisi z’ubuzima no kubungabunga ubuzima bw’abaturage.

Akamaro k’Imihigo

Imihigo ni uburyo gakondo bwo gukorera ku ntego, bwongeye guhabwa imbaraga nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, hagamijwe iterambere ryihuse, kubaza inshingano abayobozi, kwihutisha imitangireya serivisi no kongera icyizere abaturage bagirira ababayobora.

Ni uburyo bwafashije cyane, abayobozi ku nzego zose bamenya ko hari igihango bafitanye n’abaturage kandi abadashyize mu bikorwa ibyo biyemeje bakabibazwa. Ubu ntabwo bikiri umwihariko w’inzego za Leta, n’abaturage ubwabo basigaye bakorera ku mihigo kugira ngo icyerecyezo igihugu cyihaye kigerweho.

Uruharwe rw’imiryango itari iya Leta rwariyongereye

Imiryango itari iya Leta (Sosiyete Sivile) igira uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere imiyoborere myiza, kongera uruhare rw’abaturage mu bikorwa no kubongerera ubushobozi. Nk’uko biri muri Politiki y’Igihugu igenga Imiryango itari iya Leta, Sosiyete Sivile yagize uruhare mu iterambere ry’u Rwanda mu myaka isaga 30 ishize, aho uruhare rwayo rwavuye mu gutanga ubutabazi bw’ibanze gusa, bigera no mu mitangire ya serivisi no kongerera abaturage ubushobozi. Byose byashingiye kuri politiki y’imiyoborere myiza yegereye umuturage|ishingiye ku muturage Igihugu gishyize imbere.

Uruhare rw’Itangazamakuru mu guha ijambo Abaturage

Itangazamakuru ryigenga rigira uruhare rukomeye mu kujijura abaturage, kubafasha kubona amakuru ku gihe, guharanira ko ibibakorerwa bikorwa mu mucyo no kurushaho kubaza abayobozi inshingano. Mu myaka ishize, havutse ibitangazamakuru byinshi bifite imirongo ngenderwaho itandukanye. Kugeza muri Mutarama 2023, Urwego rw’Abanyamakuru Bigenzura (RMC) rwagaragazaga ko mu Rwanda hari Televiziyo 19, Radiyo 33 n’ibinyamakuru bisaga 148 bikorera kuri murandasi|Internet.

Uburinganire mu nzego zifata Ibyemezo

Hatejwe imbere uburinganire mu miyoborere y’inzego z’ibanze, aho kuri ubu abagore bagize 30% y’abagize Komite Nyobozi z’Uturere na 46% y’abagize Inama Njyanama z’Uturere, aho byagize uruhare mu kunoza ifatwa ry’ibyemezo rishingiye ku ngingo zitandukanye. Uyu muhigo wagezweho ugaragaza ubushake bwa Leta y’u Rwanda mu guteza imbere politiki idaheza n’uruhare rw’abagore by’umwihariko muri politiki z’imbere mu gihugu.

Kubakira inzego Ubushobozi

U Rwanda rwashyizeho uburyo bw’imiyoborere y’inzego z’ibanze ishingiye ku Turere, Imirenge, Utugari n’Imidugudu, aho buri rwego rufite inshingano zarwo zihariye kandi zisobanutse zigamije guteza imbere imiyoborere myiza no kuzamura imitangire ya serivisi. Byongereye izi nzego ubushobozi binyuze mu gukorana n’abaturage ndetse no kubazwa inshingano, umusaruro uba kugira ubuyobozi bukemura ibibazo abaturage bafite.

Kwimakaza ikoranabuhanga mu mitangire ya serivisi

U Rwanda rumaze kugera kuri byinshi ushingiye ku buryo abaturage bashima imitangire ya serivisi n’ifatwa ry’ibyemezo hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga. Kugeza ubu serivisi 34 zitangwa n’Inzego z’Ibanze binyuze ku rubuga Irembo kandi zizakomeza kwiyongera, hagamijwe kwihutisha serivisi no kwirinda gusiragiza umuturage.

Mu 2023, u Rwanda rwashyizeho uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bufasha abaturage barwo baba mu mahanga kwiyandikisha no gusaba “ikarita Ndangamuntu y’Abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga”. Inzego z’ibanze imbere mu gihugu kandi zashyizeho uburyo butandukanye bwo gukusanya amakuru hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, haba mu micungire y’ubutaka, serivisi z’imari n’ibindi.

Iterambere ry’Ubukungu

Gahunda y’Iterambere ry’Ubukungu mu nzego z’ibanze ni imwe mu nkingi ikomeye za Politiki y’imiyoborere myiza no kwegerereza ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi abaturage. Igamije guteza imbere ubukungu budaheza, ubukungu busangiwe na bose, buzamura ihangwa ry’imirimo igenewe Urubyiruko, Abagore n’abatuye mu bice by’icyaro ari nako bizamura imisoro yeguriwe Uturere ndetse n’ubukungu bw’Igihugu muri rusange.

Hagati ya 2017 na 2021, iyi gahunda yatumye hahangwa imirimo 942,324 ingana na 87.95% by’imirimo 1,071,425 yagombaga guhangwa muri Gahunda y’Igihugu yo Kwihutisha Iterambere (NST1).

Kuzamura imitangire ya Serivisi

Gahunda yo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage mu Rwanda yahaye imbaraga inzego z’ibanze, ituma imikorere yazo n’imitangire ya serivisi bizamuka , bishimangirwa n’Inama Njyanama z’Uturere zikurikirana ko ibyateganyijwe bishyirwa mu bikorwa, bityo uruhare rw’umuturage mu bikorwa rurushaho kugaragara.

Inama Njyanama ntiziri ku Turere n’Umujyi wa Kigali gusa kuko, uzisanga no ku Mirenge, Utugari n’Imidugudu kandi zikora. Byatumye imitangire ya serivisi irushahono kunoga mu nzego nk’ubuvuzi n’uburezi, bikanafasha abayobozi kumenya mu buryo bworoshye ibyo abaturage bakeneye kurusha ibindi.

Ubu buryo bw’imiyoborere u Rwanda rwahisemo nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 n’Urugamba rwo Kubohora Igihugu, ni urugero rw’uburyo Igihugu cyongeye kwiyubaka binyuze mu guha urubuga abaturage, kubongerera ubushobozi, kudaheza no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga. Byafashije Abanyarwanda kugira uruhare mu bikorwa no kubisigasira nk’ibyabo nk’uko bikwiriye Igihugu kigendera ku miyoborere ishingiye kuri demokarasi.

Kwinjiza ikoranabuhanga mu miyoborere (e_Government) nabyo byarushijeho kuzamura imiyoborere yimakaza gukorera mu mucyo no kubazwa inshingano ku bayobozi, abaturage bagira uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona amakuru n’urubuga rwo kuganira n’abayobozi babo. Iyi nzira u Rwanda rwahisemo, ni isomo ry’ingirakamaro ku bindi bihugu bifite imbogamizi nk’izo u Rwanda rwanyuzemo.

Umunyamabanga Uhoraho muri Minaloc, Bob Gakire asanga kwegereza ubuyobozi n'ubushobozi abaturage ari umurage wo kwibohora