Ubu ngubu, igisirikare cya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo kiri kohereza izindi mbaraga n’imbunda ziremereye muri Minova, hafi y’ikiyaga cya Kivu. Ariko abakurikiranira hafi ibya gisirikare baribaza ibibazo kuri iki gikorwa.

Umwe muri bo yatubwiye ati “Inyeshyamba zigenzura imisozi ikikije Minova. Inyeshyamba zigenzura igice cyo hejuru kandi bazaba bababona baza. Hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko abasirikare b’u Burundi na FARDC baciwe intege n’ugutakaza baherutse kugira. Nta myitozo ihagije bahabwa, kandi n’abofisiye babo ntibubahwa n’abasirikare bayoboye. Abarundi benshi bamaze gutoroka igisirikare, kandi dutekereza ko n’abandi bazabikora vuba cyane. Dutekereza ko intego nyamukuru y’izi nyeshyamba ari ukugenzura ibirombe bya Coltan mu Rubaya; aha akaba ari ho FDLR ifite ibirindiro bikomeye kuko ni ho ikura amafaranga.”

Yakomeje ati “Ubugenzuzi bwose bw’ibi birombe buherutse guhabwa ingabo z’u Burundi kandi amabuye y’agaciro yoherezwa mu Burundi. Gufunga uyu muhanda munini uri hagati ya Goma na Bukavu kwatumye bigorana, kandi dutekereza ko Perezida Evariste Ndayishimiye w’u Burundi (‘Général Neva’) azahomba iyi mpano ntoya yahawe na Perezida Tshisekedi mu minsi mike. Ku ruhande rw’amajyaruguru, M23 ihanze amaso ku birindiro bya Kishishe byahoze ari ibya FDLR, kandi bari gusunika kugira ngo bagenzure umuhanda wa Rwindi-Nyanzale no kuva aho ngaho kugera muri Kitshanga.”

Iki gice cyinjirizaga FDLR amafaranga menshi mu gihe cyashize, cyane ko imboga n’indi myaka yahahingaga byagaburiraga umujyi wa Goma. Yanahombye ibyo yakuraga kuri za bariyeri n’amakara yacanaga. Mu cyumweru gishize, M23 yakoze ‘opération; yo kuhirukana FDLR na Nyatura. Barwaniye bikomeye hafi ya Tongo. M23 ibaye igenzuye umuhanda wa Kitshanga na Nyanzale (no kuva aho kugera Rwindi), byazagora FARDC kujyana imbunda zayo ziremereye mu majyaruguru kandi gutsinda abasirikare basigaye bizorohera cyane M23.

Gufunga Goma

Birasa n’aho Goma yamaze gufatwa n’abarwanyi ba M23. Bari kwemerera ibicuruzwa n’ibiribwa gutambuka ariko FARDC iri kubihagarika. Ibicuruzwa n’imboga biri kugera kuri za bariyeri hagati y’ibice bibiri, bigasaba ko abacuruzi babishyira kuri za ‘tuk tuk’ (utumodoka tw’amapine atatu) na za moto. Ibinyabiziga byinshi muri ibi ni ibya FDLR na ba ‘Général’ b’Abanye-Congo, kandi bari kwinjirizamo amafaranga menshi.

Umupaka wa Congo n’u Rwanda ufunguriwe ubucuruzi ariko imihanda yose ifungiwe abasirikare. Umwe mu basirikare bo hejuru muri M23 yagize ati “Mbere y’uko dufunga inzira ihuza amahanga na Goma byuzuye, turashaka kureba icyo ihuriro rishya rya SADC na FARDC rishaka kugeraho. Nibagaba ibitero, bazabihomberamo. Nibigenda bityo, ntabwo tuzemera ko ikibuga cy’indege cya Goma gikoreshwa mu kuzana abandi basirikare n’ibikoresho.”

FARDC ibifashijwemo n’abacancuro, yashoboye guhungabanya M23. Uyu mutwe wapfushirije bamwe mu basirikare b’ingenzi n’abofisiye mu bitero bidahusha bya ‘drone’, ubu abasirikare bawo benshi basigaye bakora ingendo nijoro. Perezida wa M23, Bertrand Bisimwa yatubwiye ati “Ubu turi guhangana n’izi drones. Ariko ziracyari ikibazo.”

FARDC yari ifite drones eshatu z’intambara zaturukaga ku kibuga cy’indege cya Kavumu, hafi ya Bukavu. Ebyiri muri zo zararashwe, indi irangirika ubwo yagongaga ikamyo itwara peteroli. Bivugwa ko M23 ifite missile zishobora kuzirasa, ariko aya makuru ntabwo aremezwa.

Abarwanyi ba M23 bari gusatira umujyi wa Goma

SADC

Umujyanama mu bya gisirikare yatubwiye ati “SADC isanzwe ifite abasirikare amagana i Goma kandi dutekereza ko imbunda nini za Tanzania n’izirasa za roketi bikoreshwa ku rugamba. Ingabo z’umuryango wa Afurika y’iburasirazuba (EACRF) zabanjirije iza SADC zo ntabwo zigeze zigaba ibitero. Leta ya Congo ivuga ko ingabo za SADC zizayifasha kurwana ariko twamaze kubona ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko iki atari ikibazo: barabizi neza cyane ko itazababarira abasirikare babo bazajya ku rugamba. Mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho, ibi bitero bizababera inzozi mbi mu gihe ikibuga cy’indege cya Goma kizaba cyafunzwe. Ntabwo dutekereza ko Perezida wa Afurika y’Epfo azishimira kubona abahungu be bavanwa muri Congo bashyizwe mu bikapu by’imirambo.”

Uyu musirikare yakomeje agira ati “Tuzahangana na bo bikomeye, nibahitamo kurwana. Nta muntu uzatunengera kurwanirira impamvu yacu.”

Ibintu bishobora gusobanuka vuba, ariko Kinshasa ivuga ko SADC izakora umurimo wanduye, kandi ibyayo na byo bizarangira nk’uko byagendekeye MONUSCO n’ingabo za Afurika y’iburasirazuba. Ikintu kimwe kibitandukanya ni uko amakarita ari gushirana Tshisekedi, akaba ari gushaka kwikururiraho ibi bintu.

SADC nihitamo gukina amakarita ya Tshisekedi, bizaba ari ukongera lisansi mu muriro kandi bizongera ugushoboka k’uguhangana ku rwego rw’akarere. Ubushize twabonye intege nke z’abasirikare ba Afurika y’Epfo muri Mozambique, aho ingabo z’u Rwanda zahamagawe kenshi kugira ngo zitabare ubuzima bwabo.

Ofisiye mu gisirikare cya Afurika y’Epfo (SANDF) uri mu kiruhuko yatangaje ati “SANDF yacitse intege. Ntikiri nk’uko yari iri mu myaka 10 ishize kandi natungurwa no kubona iyobora ibitero kuri izi nyeshyamba muri RDC.”

Ofisiye ukomeye mu gisirikare cy’u Rwanda yagize ati “Ikibazo cyo muri Kivu gishobora guturika cyane kandi kiragoye. Ariko kuba SADC iriyo no kuba ishobora kugira uruhare mu bitero kuri M23 si cyo kibazo nyamukuru. Twizera ko Perezida wa Afurika y’Epfo n’uwa Angola bumva icyo bahanganye nacyo n’uwo bahanganye na we, bityo bakirinda kwinjira mu nzozi za Tshisekedi. Ikibazo kinini ni uruhare rw’igisirikare cy’u Burundi muri uyu mukino.”

Ingabo za SADC zagiye gufasha iza RDC muri iyi ntambara

Jakaya Kikwete

Ntabwo ari buri wese wagira ibitekerezo nk’iby’uyu ofisiye w’u Rwanda n’uwa SANDF. Umusesenguzi mu bya gisirikare we avuga ko “Kikwete aracyafite ijambo rikomeye muri Tanzania. Urwango afitiye ubutegetsi bwa Kagame rwagaragaye mu gihe cyashize kandi akorana n’abahezanguni b’Abahutu mu Burundi. Uburyo Général Neva yahisemo uruhande rwa Kinshasa muri iyi ntambara bwasobanura ko ashaka kwiyegereza Kikwete usanzwe ari inshuti ya hafi ya Alain Bunyoni; Général yafunze. Ubu ngubu, imbunda nini za Tanzania ziri kurasa ibirindiro bya M23.”

“Hari amakuru avuga ko Kikwete na Perezida Cyril Ramaphosa bayora amafaranga menshi muri Kinshasa. Ramaphosa asanzwe ari gukorwaho iperereza ku byaha bya ruswa. Kandi abanyamahanga babikurikiranira hafi bemeza neza ko Tshisekedi ari we uri gutanga amafaranga menshi mu yo SADC ishora muri ibi bikorwa. Ibi byatuma bagira uruhare runini mu kugaba ibitero muri iyi ntambara. Ingabo za SADC n’ibihugu biziri inyuma bifite amateka yo gukorana n’abahezanguni b’Abahutu kandi Kikwete ni urugero rwabo. Mu mwaka utaha, muri Tanzania hazaba amatora kandi abamuri hafi bashobora kuzayatsinda. Ibikorwa byose bya SADC muri RDC bishingiye ku bibazo by’akarere.”

Yakomeje avuga ko “Abanyafurika y’Epfo nibajya imbere ku rugamba, igisirikare cya Tanzania kigakomeza kurasa ku birindiro bya M23, bazahangana byeruye na M23 kandi imirambo izatangira koherezwa muri Afurika y’Epfo no muri Tanzania vuba cyane. Kandi ibi bizaba gusa mu gihe M23 izaba itarafunga ikibuga cy’indege cya Goma, hagamijwe gukumira ukuza kw’izindi ngabo n’ibikoresho byaturuka hanze. M23 iri mu birindiro bikikije Goma kandi kurasa ikibuga cy’indege byayorohera cyane.”

“Kwifatanya byeruye n’umutwe w’iterabwoba nka FDLR ntabwo bibereye Abanyafurika y’Epfo. Gukumira iyi mitwe kugira ngo itica abaturage b’inzirakarengane no kugira ngo itinjira mu Rwanda ni kimwe. Ariko ibi bibaye, Ramaphosa n’abo bafatanyije batsindwa byuzuye. Abanyamerika babakuyeho amaboko ubwo Afurika y’Epfo yashinje byeruye Israel gukorera jenoside Abanye-Palestine kandi ibyiyumviro rukumbi byayo ku Burusiya byababaje Washington. Imyitwarire n’ibikorwa by’Abanyafurika y’Epfo muri RDC bishobora kubagiraho ingaruka ikomeye muri Mozambique. Mu gihe aba-jihadists babagabaho igitero, Abanyarwanda babareka.”

Kugeza ubwo ntabwo uko ibikorwa bya SADC bizahinduka birasobanuka. Ariko birasa n’aho byose bishoboka.

Kikwete aracyafite ijambo rikomeye muri Tanzania

FDLR, Wazalendo na FARDC

Kuri FDLR, iyi ntambara irasa n’iya nyuma. Inyinshi mu mpunzi z’Abahutu zisigaye muri Congo zacitse intege bitewe n’uko hari inyinshi zatashye mu Rwanda ku bushake, ubu imitwe y’abahezanguni b’Abahutu na yo iri gutakaza ijambo yari ifite.

Bamwe mu bagize FDLR batangiye kohereza mu Rwanda imiryango yabo kubera ko bafite ubwoba ko bashobora gupfira mu ntambara iri imbere. Ku bwoko bw’Abatutsi, iyi ntambara ni umwanya wo gusenya imisingi yari isigaye ya FDLR n’agatsiko k’abahezanguni b’Abahutu kashingiwe i Burayi binyuze mu miryango n’amashyaka nka FDU-Inkingi n’indi mitwe yashingiwe mu mutaka wa MRND-RDR (‘Retour des Réfugies’).

FDLR izi neza ko M23 nishaka gufata ibirindiro byayo muri Kivu, igasaba Abanye-Congo b’Abahutu kwifatanya na yo kugira ngo bateze imbere ubukungu bw’igihugu, kubaho kwayo kuzaba kuri mu marembera. Izatakaza kandi ubushobozi bwo gukusanya amafaranga ava mu birombe, itakaze imishinga y’ubuhinzi n’ibyo yakuraga kuri za bariyeri. Amwe muri aya mafaranga yayifashishaga mu ntambara, andi akoherezwa i Burayi kugira ngo yifashishwe mu ishoramari ririmo iry’ibigo bitwara abagenzi.

Ntabwo kandi byatunguranye kuba umugore nka Victoire Ingabire, umwe mu bazwi cyane bahagarariye aka gatsiko, aherutse kugaragaza ko ashyigikiye Wazalendo, akayigaragaza nk’iy’abarwanirira ukwishyira ukizana. Victoire Ingabire aba mu Rwanda nyuma yo kuva mu Buholandi, aho yaje gushinga ishyaka ritavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, ariko afungirwa guhakana jenoside.

Hashize imyaka Perezida Kagame amuhaye imbabazi, kandi kuva ubwo aba i Kigali, aho adashobora kujya mu bikorwa bya politiki. Izina ‘Wazalendo’ ryaremwe na Leta ya Congo, igamije guhisha ukwifatanya kwayo na FDLR cyane ko uyu mutwe ari uw’iterabwoba.

Leta ya Congo yahaye FDLR intwaro nyinshi n’amafaranga kandi yashoboye kwinjiza abarwanyi bashya bo muri RDC n’abaturutse mu Rwanda.

Bifatanyije n’inyeshyamba z’Abanye-Congo b’Abahutu bazwi nka ‘Nyatura’ kugira ngo bongere imbaraga, kandi mu Burundi bahahuriye n’inshuti zo kuva kera zirimo Général Neva na Alain Bunyoni kugira ngo bagirane amasezerano mashya y’ubufatanye.

Ubwo intambara ya M23 na FARDC yuburaga, amatsinda y’Abahutu nk’abo muri Jambo SPRL ikorera i Bruxelles bagize uruhare rukomeye mu kwenyegeza amakimbirane, bifashishije imiyoboro irimo Twitter na Facebook.

Ibyo bavuze n’ibyo banditse byifashishijwe n’Abanye-Congo benshi, batangira gukwirakwiza amagambo y’urwango ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Guharabika u Rwanda, bavuga ko ari rwo rwateye ibibazo byo muri RDC ni cyo bibandaho cyane. Ubu bukangurambaga bw’urwango bwateye ubwicanyi bukorerwa Abatutsi muri RDC.

Umurwanyi mukuru muri M23 yagize ati “Kuri twebwe, gusenya FDLR ni ikintu cy’ingenzi cyane. Yatwiciye amagana y’abavandimwe na bashiki bacu kandi mu gihe igihari, nta mahoro azaba muri aka karere. FDLR iri kurwana iyi ntambara, kandi irashaka kwagura amakimbirane ku buryo bizatuma ibihugu bifite imbaraga byinjiramo, bikayihagarika kugira ngo M23 isubire inyuma, hanyuma FDLR izasubirane ishoramari ryayo. Ibyo biyigira mbi birenze urugero. FDLR nitakaza aka karere, umutwe w’Abahutu wose uzasenyuka. Tuzakomeza kurwanirira uburenganzira bwacu n’ibyo dusaba kandi SADC nihitamo kuduhagarika, tuzahangana.”

Yakomeje ati “Wazalendo ubwabo, za Nyatura zose n’imitwe ya Mai Mai iri munsi y’uyu mutaka yigaragaje nka rumwe mu mpande zikomeye ziri muri uru rugamba. Baracyari ikibazo kuko FARDC yabahaye intwaro. Batakaje imbaraga nyuma y’aho abanyapolitiki b’Abahutu benshi badatowe mu matora aheruka. Abatowe benshi bakomoka mu ba-Nande, kandi Aba-Nande n’Abahutu bamaze ibinyacumi by’imyaka bahanganiye ubuyobozi mu ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru. Gufasha Tshisekedi kumvisha urubyiruko rw’Abahutu ko rukwiye kuba Wazalendo ntacyo byarufashije.”

“Iyo Wazalendo bagabye ibitero, duhangana n’amatsinda mato mato yoherezwa n’abayobozi b’uduce kugira ngo ajye gusahura. Twabasubiza inyuma mu buryo bworoshye cyane ariko guhangana n’abanyabyaha nka bo buri munsi biratubangamira, bigatuma abasirikare bacu bahora bahuze, ntitwibande cyane ku mwanzi nyawe: FDLR, FARDC n’abacancuro. Wazalendo ni abanyabyaha kandi imyaka myinshi izashira bakibangamye.”

FARDC imaze igihe iha FDLR ubufasha

Ibitero by’iterabwoba

Duherutse gutangaza inkuru igaragaza uruhare rw’u Burundi mu ntambara yo muri Congo n’uko ibikorwa bya Général Neva n’abafatanyabikorwa be bishobora kwagurira amakimbirane mu karere. FDLR yirukanywe mu birindiro yahozemo muri Kivu, ariko ntiyigeze igira intwaro nyinshi.

FDLR yishingikiriza ku bufasha ihabwa na FARDC, kandi ubu twakiriye amakuru y’uko yahamagawe muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo kugira ngo yinjire mu ishyamba rya Kibira.

Si ubwa mbere ibi bibaye: Paul Rusesabagina na we yagerageje kubikora ariko umutwe wa FDLR wamufashaga watemewe na RDF mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe no muri Nyamasheke. Ntabwo FDLR ifite imbaraga zo guhanganira na RDF mu Rwanda ariko ibitero byo mu majyaruguru y’igihugu no muri Nyungwe byatera RDF kwinjira mu Burundi no muri Congo, bigatuma ingabo z’u Rwanda zirwana byeruye na FARDC, SADC n’ingabo z’u Burundi.

Akavuyo n’ibibazo ibi byatera byaha Tshisekedi impamvu ifatika yo gushinja u Rwanda ubushotoranyi. Iri cengezamatwara ryo muri Kinshasa ryatumye Abanye-Congo benshi bizera ko u Rwanda rufite uruhare runini muri iyi ntambara kandi ko ari rwo rwateye ibibazo byose mu gihugu cyabo.

Agatsiko k’Abahutu kari i Burayi kari kubafasha kubikora kandi itangazamakuru ry’i Burayi riri gukurikira uyu murongo. Ibimenyetso bivuga ko u Rwanda ari rwo rwasenye Congo mu ntambara zabanje ntibifatika kandi raporo nyinshi za Loni zasohotse zigamije guhisha ukunanirwa inshingano kwayo.

FDLR ibaye ishoboye kwinjiza RDF mu Burundi cyangwa muri Kivu, ubu buryo bwaba bubaye ubuhanuzi busohoye kandi bwasunikira aya makimbirane ku rundi ruhande mu gihe cy’imyaka, nyuma akazongera guturika.

Umugozi w’ibibazo uzengurutse Goma uri kwikanyaga kandi ukaba munini kurushaho. Alexander the Great yakoresheje inkota ye mu gushanyaguza Babuloni. Nibiba muri Kivu, ahazaza harasa n’ahahangayikishije. Ibihuha, imvugo z’urwango n’ibinyoma biri kuganza imbuga nkoranyambaga iyo bigeze kuri Congo. Kinshasa iri gushora ibihumbi by’amadolari mu icengezamatwara. Kandi n’abaturage bari kugendera muri uyu murongo nk’intama z’impumyi.