Raporo zabo akenshi zerekana ishusho iteye ubwoba, y’igihugu cya Afurika kirangwa n’umwijima aho urugomo rufatwa nk'ikintu gisanzwe.

Ariko se, bigenda bite iyo umushakashatsi warokotse intambara afashe icyemezo cyo kuva mu biro bye maze agafata iya mbere akerekeza mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo?

Ibi byakozwe n’umushakashatsi mu karere ka Afurika y’ibiyaga bigari, Dr. Bojana Coulibaly, akaba n'umuyobozi wa gahunda y'indimi Nyafurika muri Kaminuza ya Harvard (African Language Program Manager). 

Dr. Coulibaly ukomoka muri Bosnia na Herzegovina yanyuze mu bihe by'intambara akiri umwana mu yahoze ari Yugoslavia mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 1990, ahungira mu Bufaransa mu 1992, nyuma aza guhabwa ubwenegihugu bw'iki gihugu.

Ibi bituma yumva neza uburyo amacakubiri n'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside bishobora gusenya ibihugu burundu. 

Nyuma yo kumara imyaka ine akora ubushakashatsi mu Ntara za Kivu y'Amajyaruguru n'iy'Amajyepfo ahibereye, Dr. Coulibaly avuga ko umuryango mpuzamahanga, urimo inzego nk'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ndetse n'Umuryango Uharanira Uburenganzira bwa Muntu (Human Rights Watch), urimo kugoreka ukuri nkana ku bibera muri RDC kugira ngo ugereke amakosa ku bahohoterwa, ari ko ukingira ikibaba abanyabyaha ba nyabo.

Mu kiganiro na Dossier, Dr. Coulibaly yavuze ko aho gushaka kumva ukuri kugoranye gushingiye ku miterere ya politiki y'Akarere cyangwa ubuzima bwa buri munsi bw'Abanye-Congo, itangazamakuru ryo mu bihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw'Isi rihagera rishaka gusa inkuru z'urugomo zizabahesha ibihembo iwabo.

Yavuze ko hari igihe kimwe yahuye n’uruva gusenya ubwo yari mu Mujyi wa Goma nyuma gato y'uko ufashwe n'ingabo za AFC/M23 mu ntangiriro za 2025. 

Icyo gihe yabajije abanyamakuru bo mu Burengerazuba uko umunsi wabo wagenze, ahabwa ibisubizo utakitega ku banyamakuru b’abanyamwuga. 

Dr Coulibaly yavuze ko bamubwiye ngo “Twagize amahirwe twabonye abantu babiri bicwa urw'agashinyaguro”. 

Yakomeje avuga ko “[kuri bo] Ibi bifatwa nk’umunsi mwiza. Ni umunsi mwiza babonaho inkuru ‘ifatika’ batangaza. Baba bashaka gucyura iwabo inkuru nshya ishyushye. Baba bashaka kuvuga bati Twabonye imirambo, twabonye amaraso”.

Yemeza ko uko gushishikazwa n'intambara gusa, bishingiye ku myumvire ya gikoloni y'ibinyoma, ivuga ko Umunyafurika ari injiji ikeneye kujijurwa.

Yahishuye ko inkuru nziza zivuga ku miryango yiyubaka, cyangwa inzego zirwanya amacakubiri zigamije gushyiraho umutekano n'ubuyobozi aho leta yananiwe mu gihe cy'imyaka myinshi zirengagizwa nkana, kuko zidahuye n'umurongo w'inkuru zamenyerewe n'ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi.

Kwirengagiza FDLR n’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ni ikibazo

Kugira ngo umuntu yumve neza amakimbirane yo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, Dr. Coulibaly ashimangira ko agomba kureba ku muzi w'ikibazo, ari wo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994 n’andi mateka ayishamikiyeho, ibintu raporo nyinshi zikunze kwirengagiza nkana.

Ubwo abakoze Jenoside (FDLR) bahungiraga muri Zaire, ubu yahindutse RDC, barinzwe n'ibikorwa bya gisirikare by'u Bufaransa, bajyanye n'ingengabitekerezo yabo mbi yo kurimbura ubwoko bumwe (Abatutsi) bukavaho burundu. 

Aho kwamburwa intwaro bakiriwe neza n'ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu, bongera imbaraga, banahabwa rugari yo gukora ubucuruzi butemewe muri RDC, bangiza ahantu hanyuranye nka Pariki y'Igihugu ya Virunga binyuze mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'itemwa ry'amashyamba binyuranyije n'amategeko. 

Dr. Coulibaly yagize ati “Ndikuvuga ku bantu basaga miliyoni ebyiri [bahunze]. Abari hagati y'ibihumbi 700 na miliyoni imwe baje gutahuka mu Rwanda. Ubu haracyari abantu bagera kuri miliyoni bashinze ibirindiro bikomeye mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo… bashyizeho inzego z'ubukungu butemewe aho bagiye basahura imitungo.” 

Mu mboni z’uyu mushakashatsi, raporo mpuzamahanga zikomeza kugoreka aya mateka.

Dr. Coulibaly ati “Bakunze gutangirira inkuru y'aha guhera mu 1996, bayita igitero cy'u Rwanda kuri Congo. Uku ni ukugoreka imvugo. Ni ihakana rya Jenoside ryeruye. Kubera ko mu gihe Jenoside yahitanye abantu barenga miliyoni imwe mu minsi 90 ihinduwe inkuru idafite icyo ivuze, ibintu byose bigatangirira nyuma y'aho [ari na byo ngaruka z'uburyo abakoze iyi Jenoside bafashwemo] ni ikibazo”.

Muri iki kiganiro, Dr. Coulibaly yagarutse ku buryo uku kugoreka amateka byatumye abagirwaho ingaruka n’umutekano muke mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC ari bo bahinduka ikibazo. 

Imyaka imaze kuba myinshi, Abatutsi b'Abanye-Congo bakorerwa itotezwa ryateguwe igihe kirekire, cyane cyane ku ngoma ya Mobutu Sese Seko, imvugo mbi zibiba urwango, ndetse no kwimwa ubwenegihugu bwabo, ibisa neza neza nk’inzira zakoreshejwe mu Rwanda mbere ya 1994, zaje no kuvamo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Ati “Urugero ruzwi cyane ni Inama y'Igihugu [Conférence Nationale]. Abatutsi b'Abanye-Congo bahejwe muri iyo nama. Ntabwo bigeze banatumirwa… Intumwa nyinshi muri iyo nama zatangiye kuvuga ko Abatutsi atari Abanye-Congo, bityo rero igitekerezo cyose cyo kwima ubwenegihugu Abatutsi muri Congo gifite amateka maremare”.

Dr. Coulibaly yavuze ko iyo imitwe nka AFC/M23 ifashe intwaro kugira ngo irengere imiryango yayo ngo iticwa na FDLR ndetse inagarure ituze kubera ko leta yananiwe inshingano zayo, amahanga yiyita inararibonye ahita ayita abagizi ba nabi bakorana n’ibindi bihugu.

Yanagaragaje kandi uburyarya bw'imiryango nka Human Rights Watch na Amnesty International, avuga ko bakunze gukora raporo ku Burasirazuba bwa Congo batigeze banahakandagira.

Ati “Ntabwo bajya baza aho imirwano ibera. Bakora raporo bifashishije amashusho yafashwe n'ibyogajuru cyangwa ibiganiro bakoreye kuri telefoni. Ibi kandi nti biba ari ukuri na busa”. 

Yakomeje agira ati “Izi nkuru zihimbwa n'abantu bavugana na bo baba bafite inyungu batumwe n'ubutegetsi bwa Kinshasa, Ikindi kandi na muntu n'umwe wita cyangwa ngo aterwe isoni no guhimba inkuru ku Banyafurika baba iyo kure.”

Amahanga ararye ari menge…

Dr. Coulibaly yaburiye amahanga ko gufata umutwe wa FDLR nk'ikibazo cy'u Rwanda gusa ari ikosa rikomeye rya politiki mpuzamahanga. Yibukije ko ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ari ikibazo gikomeye ku kiremwa muntu muri rusange.

Yavuze ko gukomeza guha urwaho imvugo zibiba urwango, no gukomeza kwishingikiriza raporo z'abashakashatsi zemeza imvugo z'abakoze Jenoside, “umuryango mpuzamahanga urimo gutuma ibikorwa by’urugomo mu Karere k'Ibiyaga Bigari bikomeza”.

Ubu intego za Dr. Coulibaly na bagenzi be, ni ukugaragaza ukuri ku bivugwa, binyuze mu gusura ahantu nka Tongo, agace kazwiho kuba indiri ya FDLR, no guha ijambo abaturage binyuze ku mbuga nka Conspiracy Tracker Great Lakes (CTGL). 

Bafite icyizere cyo gukuraho inkuru imwe igoreka ukuri ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi byagaburiye amahanga mu myaka 30.

Dr. Coulibaly ati “Iyo umaze guhumuka, biragora cyane kongera guhumiriza. Iyo umaze kumva ibiri kuba byose uko byakabaye, ntushobora gusubira inyuma.”