Imbarutso ya zimwe mu ntambara zo muri RDC ni ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu Sese Seko wayoboye iki gihugu imyaka igera kuri 32 kicyitwa Zaïre, gusa imiyoberere ye ntiyanyura bamwe barimo na Laurent-Désiré Kabila wahiritse ubutegetsi bwe mu 1997, mu ntambara yiswe iya mbere ya Congo yatangiye mu 1996.

Kabila yashinjaga Mobutu kuyoboza igitugu ndetse akagaragaza ko ubutegetsi bwe bwari bwaramunze ubukungu bwa Zaïre kubera ruswa no kuyisahura, kandi ugasanga aba hafi ya Mobutu ari abaherwe bikubiye ubutunzi. 

Gusa intambara zigaragara muri RDC kugeza na magingo aya ntizishingiye kuri ibyo gusa, kuko hajemo n’ibindi bibazo birimo ibishingiye ku moko, byibasira abiganjemo Abanye-Congo b’Abatutsi.

Si ibyo gusa kuko n’umutungo kamere wa RDC wiganjemo amabuye y’agaciro, uri mu biteza intambara zidashira hakaniyongera imitwe yitwaje intwaro irwanira ibirimo kuyacukura ikayacuruza mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko. 

Mu 1997 Laurent-Désiré Kabila amaze gufata ubutegetsi, yifashishije abarimo abasirikare bahoze mu Ngabo zatsinzwe [EX-FAR] zo ku bwa Juvénal Habyarimana, n’abasize bakoze Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Abo ni na bo bashinze umutwe wa FDLR urwanya Leta y’u Rwanda, uhora urota kuzafata ubutegetsi bwarwo. 

Iyo uganiriye na bamwe mu bahoze muri uyu mutwe barimo n’abawushinze, bakubwira ubufatanye bwawo n’ibindi bihugu bitandukanye mu kurwanya Leta y’u Rwanda, kugeza no ku mubano ufitanye na bamwe mu basirikare boherejwe mu butumwa bw’amahoro bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (MONUSCO).

Imyaka 27 igiye kwihirika Umuryango w’Abibumbye utangiye kohereza ingabo kugarura amahoro muri RDC, ariko kugeza magingo aya umutekano warushijeho kuzamba.

Mu bihe bitandukanye, byagiye bivugwa ko kuba muri RDC kw’izo ngabo ari umukino bishingiye ku nyungu za politiki, kuko zigira uruhare mu gusahura umutungo w’iki gihugu wiganjemo amabuye y’agaciro, zikajya kuyagurisha agatubutse mu bihugu byazo.

Gusa inzira bicamo zishobora kuba inkuru y’incamugongo kuri bamwe, bagasobanukirwa neza ko bigoye ko izo ngabo zizagira uruhare mu kubona amahoro kwa RDC. 

Uko MONUSCO ihabwa urumogi n’amabuye y’agaciro na FDLR

Iyo uganiriye na bamwe mu bahoze muri FDLR bakubwira ukuntu ingabo za MONUSCO zanywanye n’uyu mutwe ku buryo ziworohereza mu bikorwa byawo by’ubugizi bwa nabi, FDLR na yo igahinga urumogi ikaruha izo ngabo, ndetse ikaziha ku mabuye y’agaciro icukura mu bice igenzura.

Amabuye y’agaciro abasirikare ba MONUSCO bakura muri RDC ngo bayajyana mu bihugu byabo ku buryo batanifuza ko intambara zarangira RDC.

Maj. Gen (Rtd) Munyaneza Anastase wahoze ari umusirikare wa EX-FAR kuva mu 1990, agakomereza ibikorwa bye muri FDLR ndetse akaba mu buyobozi bukuru bwayo azwi nka Rukundo Job Kuramba gusa nyuma yaje gutaha mu Rwanda.

Avuga ukuntu bamwe mu basirikare ba MONUSCO bavuga ko FDLR iramutse ivuye muri RDC babura akazi, bityo ko bishimiye kuhaguma kubera inyungu bahafite.

Munyaneza akomeza ati ‘‘Umubano wa FDLR na MONUSCO na wo urahari. […] Aba-MONUSCO benshi cyangwa se bamwe, baravuga ngo kuba FDLR iriho biduha akazi, bituma natwe tubaho. Bivuze rero ngo MONUSCO ifite inyungu mu kubaho kwa FDLR. Hari ugukorana kwa FDLR n’abantu bamwe ba MONUSCO, mu bucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.’’

Asobanura ko uretse amabuye y’agaciro, FDLR ihinga urumogi kandi ko irugurisha abasirikare bo muri MONUSCO, bakarupakira mu ndege, bakarujyana mu mahanga.

Ati “Si ibyo gusa, baguraga n’urumogi ruhingwa n’aba FDLR. Aba-MONUSCO bararugura bakarushyira mu ngunguru, bakarupakira mu ndege rukagenda.’’

Munyaneza avuga ko bimwe mu byo yabonesheje amaso, ari uko kugira ngo abasirikare ba MONUSCO na bo bagushe neza abarwanyi ba FDLR kugira ngo babone uko batwara aya mabuye y’agaciro n’urumogi, babahaga ibyo bakeneye birimo ibiryo, imyenda, imiti n’ibindi, na bo bagakomeza ibikorwa byabo birimo ubugizi bwa nabi. 

Iby’uko MONUSCO ifitanye imikoranire n’umutwe wa FDLR kandi bishimangirwa na Lt. Col. (Rtd) Niyirora Marcel, Col. (Rtd) Nsengimana Augustin na Caporal (Rtd) Past. Mujawayezu Laurence. 

Nka Col. (Rtd) Nsengimana wahoze ari umusirikare wa EX-FAR agakomereza ibikorwa bye muri FDLR, avuga ukuntu n’iyo FDLR iri bugabweho ibitero muri gahunda yo kuyikura muri RDC, abasirikare ba MONUSCO bayiha amakuru kugira ngo abarwanyi bayo bahunge. 

Col. (Rtd) Nsengimana yari afite inshingano zirimo no kuyobora imwe muri batayo muri FDLR, akaba yarahabwaga amakuru na bamwe mu bakuru mu ngabo za MONUSCO.

Ati “FDLR na MONUSCO bagiye babana neza. […] Aho ibatayo yanjye yari iri yari yegeranye na ‘poste’ ya MONUSCO. Nari mfitanye umubano mwiza na Col. Roberto Pereira wari uri mu gashami ka DDR ka MOMUSCO. Naramusuraga yankenera nkagenda tukaganira, nkamuha ibyifuzo byanjye, nta operasiyo FARDC yagombaga gukora iyo DDR Kimuwa i Walikale batayimbwiye.’’

Yakomeje ati ‘‘Operasiyo n’iyo yabaga narakurikiranaga bakambwira igihe izamara, bakambwira za ‘unites’ zaje, nkaba amakuru nyafite. Mu rwego rwo guhanahana amakuru twarayahanahanaga kandi umubano wari mwiza.’’

FDLR ikoresha indege za MONUSCO mu ngendo

Maj. Gen (Rtd) Munyaneza kandi yahishuye ko kugira ngo ingabo za MONUSCO zikomeze kugusha neza abarwanyi ba FDLR kugira ngo zibone uko zisahura neza ibyo zishaka muri RDC, zorohereza abo muri uyu mutwe mu bikorwa byabo, zikabatiza n’ibirimo indege kugira ngo bakore ingendo zitandukanye mu duce twa kure n’aho bashobora kuraswaho n’abarimo M23. 

Ati ‘‘Baduhaga imiti, bakaduha ibyo kurya nko kutugusha neza mu yandi magambo, noneho na bo babashe kugera ku cyo bashaka. Urumva rero iyo mikoranire yari ihari, hanyuma muri bya bihe bitandukanye nakubwiye byo gukora ingendo, izo ngendo MONUSCO yaradufashaga ikaduha indege zayo ni zo twagendagamo, kujya i Kinshasa ni zo abantu bagendagamo, ni indege za MONUSCO zadutwaraga nta zindi.’’

Ibindi Maj. Gen (Rtd) Munyaneza akomozaho nk’inyungu MONUSCO ifite mu kutava muri RDC, ni ukuhacukura ubutunzi bwahahishwe cyera mu gihe cy’abakoloni, abasirikare b’uyu muryango bakabujyana mu bihugu byabo.

Ati ‘‘Si ibyo gusa kandi bakoranaga. Hari gucukura ibyo bita ‘Ama-bornes’. Ni ukuvuga ngo ni ubutunzi buhishe mu butaka ahantu runaka bashyizeho ‘bornes’. Byashyizweho kera n’abakoloni muri Congo. Mbere y’uko rero bataha iwabo bakabona wenda ubwo butunzi batari bubashe kubona uko babutwara cyane cyane ko batavuye muri Congo neza, noneho bakagenda bakabuhisha bagakora icyo bita ‘Ama-bornes’. Baracukuraga mu butaka bakabushyiramo.’’

Yakomeje ati “Aba-MONUSCO ibyo bintu na byo babigiyemo, bakaza bakumvikana na FDLR kugira ngo ayo ‘Ma-bornes’ acukurwe, bakuremo ubwo butunzi burimo, ibyo rero na byo bigaragaza imikoranire ya FDLR na MONUSCO.’’

Col. (Rtd) Niyirora Marcel wabaye muri FDLR kuva mu 1998 kugeza mu 2016, avuga ko MONUSCO no guhera mbere icyitwa MONUC, yagiye yiyegereza abarwanyi ba FDLR.

Ati ‘‘Guhera icyitwa MONUC, MONUSCO yakunze gushyira ‘Ama-positions’ yayo hafi y’ahantu FDLR zikunda kugera. Hafi y’amasoko aho Aba-FDLR bazaremera amasoko bakabonana na MONUSCO, bakabyita ko ari ukugira ngo bafashe Aba-FDLR bashaka gutaha, ariko mu by’ukuri si ko byari bimeze.’’

Niyirora yavuze ko hari abarwanyi ba FDLR abashakaga gutaha mu Rwanda, MONUSCO ikababuza, ahubwo ikabafasha kujya mu bindi bihugu.

Ati ‘‘Kuko hari igihe byageraga ubwo babonaga abasirikare ba FDLR batashye bakababwira bati ‘Oya, mwe ntitubashaka’, bakabasubizayo. Hari n’abo bagiye bafasha bashaka gutaha, aho kugira ngo babacyure mu Rwanda ahubwo bakabafasha kujya mu bihugu by’amahanga.’’

Maj. Gen (Rtd) Munyaneza Anastase yavuze ko kuguma muri RDC kwa FDLR ari amahirwe kuri MONUSCO