{Amateka yo kwigobotora abakoloni mu bihugu bya Afurika yasize amasomo menshi bitewe na bamwe bagizwe intwari no kuba barahagurutse bagaharanira ko ibihugu byabo byagira ukwishyira bikizana ntihongere kuboneka abarengana, abababazwa, abagirwa ibicibwa.}

U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu byabonye ubwigenge nyuma y’impinduramatwara zakozwe n’Abanyafurika banze gukomeza kunambira mu bukoloni.

Nyuma y'ubukoloni, ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byakomeje kwiyubaka ubwabyo birigira, ariko ibyakurikiye mu Rwanda bituma umuntu yibaza niba koko u Rwanda rwarabonye ubwigenge nk’ubw’abandi babonye.

Ku wa 9 Ukuboza 1961, ni bwo igihugu cya Tanganyika cyabonye ubwigenge. Uyu munsi, icyo gihugu cyaje kwiyunga na Zanzibar ku wa 26 Mata 1964 bibyara igihugu cyitwa Tanzania.Nicyo gihugu cya mbere cyabonye ubwigenge muri aka Karere ka Afurika y’Uburasirazuba.

U Rwanda, n’u Burundi byakurikiyeho nyuma y’amezi hafi arindwi (7). Ku wa 1 Nyakanga 1962 ni bwo buri kimwe muri ibi bihugu byombi byategekerwaga hamwe n’Ababiligi (Rwanda-Urundi) cyahawe ubwigenge.

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda ntiyaje nk’impanuka. Ni icyaha cy’ubugome gifite imizi yacyo yameze kera.

Ababiligi bahaye u Rwanda ubwigenge kuko ishyaka ry’irondabwoko 'Parmehutu' ritigeze ribuharanira, cyane ko aba bakoloni bashyigikiye iri shyaka bafatanya kwimika politiki yashingiweho gutsemba Abatutsi mu bihe bitandukanye byageze ku ndunduro mu 1994.

Mu gihe Tanganyika yabonaga ubwigenge, hashize imyaka 13 Loni yemeje gukumira no guhana Jenoside, u Rwanda rwari mu mushinga wo kuzakora icyo cyaha mu bwigenge.

Kuva mu 1959, gutoteza, kwica no kwirukana Abanyarwanda b'“Abatutsi” mu Rwanda byari byemewe, kandi n’Ababiligi bategekaga baremeye uwo mushinga banawugiramo uruhare kuko iyo batabyemera ngo babishyigikire, ntibyari kuba cyane ko bari bafite ubutegetsi busesuye.

Ibihugu bya Congo yitwaga Mbiligi (yahawe ubwigenge mu 1960), u Burundi, Tanganyika, na Uganda (yabonye ubwigenge tariki 9 Ukwakira 1962, amezi atatu nyuma y’u Rwanda) byari bifite impunzi ibihumbi amagana z’Abatutsi.

Uretse abagiye muri Congo, abandi bose bagiye mu bihugu bigikolonijwe. Bivugwa ko, abakiriye impunzi za mbere muri ibyo bihugu bitarimo Congo bari abakoloni.

Abahunga na bo bari bahunze ubwicanyi bw’akagambane k’abakoloni b’Ababiligi n’abenegihugu bagenzi babo; bisanze aho abaturage bagishaka ubwigenge bwo kwikiza ubukoloni bw’abazungu.

Birumvikana ko aho bageze bitahaye isura nziza u Rwanda, kuko mu gihe abandi birukanaga abazungu, mu Rwanda abazungu bashyigikiraga bamwe mu Banyarwanda kwirukana bagenzi babo.

Bivugwa ko abo Banyarwanda birukanaga bagenzi babo basigaye mu gihugu bashyigikiye ko abazungu bakwiye gukomeza kubategeka nibura indi myaka 25.

Politiki y’urwango yokamye ubukoloni

Isi yashegeshwe no kubona iyicwa kw’Abayahudi barenga miliyoni esheshatu; Isi ntizibagirwa ibisasu bya kirimbuzi byagize umuyonga Hiroshima na Nagasaki mu Buyapani mu minota mike, imbaga itabarika igasigarana ubumuga budasanzwe.

Hari Jenoside n’ubundi bwicanyi n’iyicarubozo bitandukanye byagiye bihitana abantu imbaga itabarika mu bindi bihugu, ariko ntibyasize isomo.

Itegeko rya Loni rihana rigakumira Jenoside ryarirengagijwe

Ku wa Kabiri tariki 9 Ukuboza 2014 ni bwo hizihijwe isabukuru y’imyaka 66 hasinywe amasezerano yo kurwanya Jenoside, nyuma y’ubwicanyi bwabaye bumwe bukabyara intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi.

Kuri uyu munsi hibukwa ko ibi byose byabayeho. Ariko se byafashije Abanyarwanda? Iyo haba isomo ryakuwe mu byavuzwe, u Rwanda ntirwari gutegekwa na politiki ya 'Parmehutu' kuva ivuka kugeza kuri 'Hutu-Power' yateguye ikanakorera Jenoside Abatutsi guhera mu 1990 kugeza mu 1994.

Iyo isomo rigera ku Rwanda, politiki ya Hitler ku Bayahudi n’abandi atibonagamo si yo yari kuba ingengabitekerezo y’abategetse igihugu nyuma y’ubwigenge.

Iyo haba isomo, ku Banyarwanda n’abanyamahanga, nyuma ya Jenoside ntabwo abayikoze bari gukomeza guhabwa ijambo hirya no hino.

Iyo amateka n’amategeko mpuzamahanga akumira ibyaha nka Jenoside yumvikana icyo yashyiriweho ntabwo FDLR iba yidegembya kubera kumva ko ishyigikiwe.

Jenoside yahitanye Abatutsi barenga miliyoni mu Rwanda yumvikana uburemere bw’akababaro yasize; iyo na yo iza kuba isomo nta muntu uba utinyuka kuvuga ngo abapfobya n’abayihakana ni abanyapolitiki bifuriza u Rwanda ibyiza, aho kubabonamo abakangurambaga b’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.

Ikikubwira abahushije isomo ku by’ayo mateka y’ubugome bwakozwe mu mpande zose z’Isi, ni ukutita ku mvugo z’urwango kandi bazi aho rwagejeje u Rwanda, rukanahagurutsa amahanga kubyamagana nk'uko byagenze ku itariki ya 9 Ukuboza 1948.

Miliyoni nyinshi z’abantu zatikiriye mu bucakara, abandi barishwe kubera abakwizaga urwango rushingiye ku madini bifashishije uruhembe rw’umuheto n’ingoyi, ubukoloni n’ibindi byinshi.

Amateka arimo ibibi byinshi yabayemo isomo rikomeye ku bihugu byari bikomeye, bisanga ari ngombwa ko bishyiraho amategeko mpuzamahanga abagenga ngo bive muri uwo mwijima.

Nubwo ahanini yarangwagamo irondabwoko, afite ibyo yafashije kwibuka no kwibutsa birimo guha agaciro umuntu (nibura mu nyandiko).

Niko hagiyeho amategeko agenga intambara, hashyirwaho n’aya masezerano ku guhana no gukumira Jenoside, Itangazo Mpuzamahanga ry’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu n’andi mategeko arengera umuntu mu by’imbonezamubano, politiki, ubukungu, umuco n’imibereho myiza. Isi yitaye kandi ku kibazo cy’ivangura kijya mu mategeko n’amahame mpuzamahanga.

{ Tom Ndahiro }