Uyu munsi ngarukamwaka ugiye kwizihizwa ku nshuro ya 23 ufite insanganyamatsiko igira iti “Ubutwari ni uguhitamo ibitubereye.”

Mu ntwari zigiye kwibukwa kuri uyu wa Gatatu, tariki ya 1 Gashyantare 2017, n’Abanyarwanda b’ingeri zose, zirimo na Rwagasana Michel warwanyije ihonyorwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu haba ku ngoma ya Cyami yabayeho Umujyanama Mukuru w’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa kugeza ahawe umwanya w’Umudepite uhagarariye UNAR muri Teritwari ya Nyanza mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko yavuyeho nyuma y’urupfu.

Rwagasana ni Intwari y’Igihugu ibarizwa mu cyiciro cy’Imena kigizwe n’intwari zaranzwe n’ibikorwa by’intangarugero birimo kwitanga. Iki ni kimwe muri bitatu bibarizwamo intwari z’u Rwanda birimo Imanzi n’Ingenzi.

Amateka yihariye y’intwari Rwagasana Michel

Rwagasana ni Intwari y’Igihugu ibarizwa mu cyiciro cy’Imena

Rwagasana Michel ni mwene Rugango na Nyiramujyambere (Bajyambere). Yavukiye i Gitisi na Nyamagana mu Karere ka Ruhango mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo (mu yahoze ari Intara ya Gitarama) mu wa 1927.

Yashakanye na Suzana Nzayire mu mwaka wa 1956 babyarana abana batanu.

Yize amashuri abanza i Kabgayi kuva mu wa 1940 kugera mu wa 1945, ayisumbuye ayakomereza muri Groupe Scolaire ya Astrida (Butare) kuva mu wa 1945 kugera mu wa 1950, ahakura impamyabumenyi mu by’Ubutegetsi (Diplôme d’Assistant Administratif).

Michel Rwagasana yakoze imirimo itandukanye, ndetse amateka yerekana ko yagirirwaga icyizere kubera ubunyangamugayo n’umwete bye.

Yabaye Umukozi wa Leta Mbiligi muri Teritwari ya Ruanda-Urundi mu Biro bishinzwe abakozi kavukire i Bujumbura kuva muri Mutarama 1950. Yabaye Umunyamabanga w’Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu cy’u Rwanda kuva ikijyaho ku wa 14 Gashyantare 1954. Yabaye n’umunyamabanga wihariye w’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa.

Ibikorwa bye byo guharanira ubumwe, ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda no kurwanya amacakubiri, byatumye aba Umunyamabanga wa mbere w’ishyaka rya UNAR (Union Nationale Rwandaise/ Abashyirahamwe b’u Rwanda) muri Nzeri 1959. Yoherejwe mu butumwa bunyuranye nko mu Nama y’Ibihugu bitagira abo bibogamiye yabereye i Casablanca muri Maroc, iyashinze Mouvement National Congolais (M.N.C),Stanleyville (Kisangani), iy’Umuryango w’Abibumbuye, aho yagiye agaragariza ubuhanga n’urukundo yari afitiye igihugu.

Yashyizwe ku isonga ry’ishyaka UNAR mu guharanira ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda.

Yabaye umudepite uhagarariye UNAR muri Teritwari ya Nyanza mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko kuva mu wa 1961 kugeza mu wa 1963. Muri iyo nteko yagaragaje umwete mu gukosora umushinga w’itegeko nshinga ryo mu wa 1962.

Mu Ukuboza 1963, by’umwihariko hagati ya tariki ya 21 na 24 Ukuboza 1963, mu Rwanda habaye ubwicanyi bwari buyobowe n’ubutegetsi bwa Repubulika ya mbere bwibasiye Abatutsi n’abayobozi b’amashyaka ataravugaga rumwe na PARMEHUTU.

Ku wa 23 Ukuboza 1963, nibwo Rwagasana Michel wari Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa UNAR (Ishyaka ryitwaga iry’Umwami) na bagenzi be 27 bafatiwe i Kigali bajyanwa mu Ruhengeri kuri Nyamagumba muri Ecole de Police. Iryo joro baraye bakorerwa iyicarubozo.

Ibikorwa byaranze ubutwari bwe

Rwagasana Michel amaze imyaka 54 atabarutse

Rwagasana avuye guharanira ubwigenge muri ONU mu wa 1960, yahungiye muri Uganda, ahunguka mu wa 1961 azanywe no gutegura amanota y’abadepite yo mu wa 1961 kubera yari yemeranyije na bamwe bo mu ishyaka rya UNAR kujya mu butegetsi bwa Repubulika.

Bashakaga gukomeza guharanira ubwigenge no guhangana na politiki y’amacakubiri yari ishyigikiwe na Leta y’agateganyo yari iyobowe n’abazungu n’Abanyarwanda bashyizweho n’abategetsi b’Ababiligi.

Rwagasana yagaragaje umutima wa kigabo. Mu buzima bwe yabaye ku isonga mu baharaniye ubwigenge bw’Igihugu, ahangana na Leta Mbiligi yari ifite ubushobozi bukomeye n’ubushake buke bwo gushyigikira ubwigenge. Yabikoze azi neza ingaruka bishobora kumukururira.

Yagaragaje gukunda igihugu cyane. Imirimo yashinzwe mu nzego z’ubutegetsi yayikoranye umwete n’ubuhanga, aharanira cyane ubwigenge n’amajyambere y’igihugu n’ubumwe bw’abagituye.

Yagaragaje ukwitanga gukomeye, ahangana kuva mu buhungiro na politiki y’amacakubiri y’ubutegetsi bw’icyo gihe, kugeza n’aho abizize aho kwitandukanya n’abo bari bafatanyije urugamba.

Yagize ubushishozi bukomeye abona kare ko inzira y’irondakoko itazubaka u Rwanda, ahitamo iy’ubumwe ayiharanira uko ashoboye kose.

Yatanze urugero rwiza rwo gushyira imbere inyungu z’igihugu, ubwigenge n’amajyambere yacyo, aho kubirutisha inyungu ze bwite, yanga kwemera irondakoko ngo ahabwe imyanya mu butegetsi yashoboraga kugenerwa na mwene se wabo Grégoire Kayibanda wari Perezida wa Repubulika.

Mu mikorere ye yaranzwe n’ukuri. Yahagarariye ishyaka rye aribera umuvugizi. Ni umwe mu b’ingenzi baharaniye ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda kuko ibyo yakoraga yabigiraga abyemera, kandi agahuza imvugo n’ingiro.

Yagaragaje ubupfura mu mibereho ye yashimwe n’abo bakoranaga kubera umwete n’ubunyangamugayo bwe no kuba umuntu ugororotse, akagaragaza ubumenyi n’ubushobozi mu mirimo yose yashinzwe haba muri Leta Mbiligi, mu Nama Nkuru y’Igihugu, mu ishyaka rye no mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko.

Yagaragaje ubumuntu mu mibereho ye, umutima wo gukunda abantu ntiyabarutisha ibintu. Yaharaniye ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda bituma ahara byose kugeza no ku buzima bwe.