Mu gushaka kumenya byinshi kuri iyi ndwara ndetse no gusubiza abasomyi ba IGIHE basabye ko twababwira byimbitse kuri kanseri y’inkondo y’umura, twegereye Dr. Belson Rugwizangoga, umwarimu muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda mu Ishami ry’Ubuvuzi maze asubiza ibibazo mu buryo bwimbitse kuri iyi ndwara.
IGIHE: Kanseri y’inkondo y’umura ni iki kandi iterwa n’iki?
Dr. Belson: Kanseri y’inkondo ni uburwayi buterwa n’imikurire irengeje urugero kandi ntagenzurwa y’uturemangingo two ku nkondo y’umura.
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bunyuranye bwa kanseri y’inkondo y’umura, ariko ububoneka cyane bufata buhereye ahasanzwe hahurira igice cy’inkondo y’umura kivubura amatembabuzi ari nacyo gifatanye n’umura (uterus), n’igice cy’inkondo y’umura kirebana n’inda ibyara (vagina).
Ubu bwoko bwa kanseri y’inkondo y’umura ni bwo twibandaho. Birumvikana ko ari indwara ifata abagore kuko abagabo batagira umura.
Kanseri y’inkondo y’umura iterwa n’agakoko ka virusi yitwa Human Papilloma (HPV) mu cyongereza.
Iyi virusi ibarirwamo amoko menshi, amaze kuvumburwa akaba agera ku ijana (100). Amwe muri ayo moko ya HPV atera ubundi burwayi butari kanseri (low-risk HPV), mu gihe andi muri yo atera kanseri zinyuranye (high-risk HPV) ziganjemo ifata inkondo y’umura, inda ibyara, ubugabo, mu kibuno, mu kanwa, mu muhogo, mu nkanka ndetse n’ibitsikira b’amaso.
IGIHE: Iyi ndwara yandura ite kandi ni bande ikunze kwibasira?
Dr Belson: Kanseri y’inkondo y’umura, yandurira cyane cyane mu mibonano mpuzabitsina.
Kugira ngo umugore arware kanseri y’inkondo y’umura, uretse kuba yaranduye virusi HPV, biterwa kandi na zimwe mu mpamvu zikurikira nk’uko zemejwe n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS)
– Kuba umukobwa yaratangiye imibonano mpuzabitsina akiri muto atarageza ku myaka 18 y’amavuko
– Kuba umugore afite abagabo barenze umwe bakorana imibonano mpuzabitsina
– Kuba umugabo we afite abandi bagore bakorana imibonano mpuzabitsina
– Isuku nke
– Kuba umugabo adasiramuye
– Kuba umubiri we udafite ubudahangarwa ku ndwara (deficient immune system), urugero nk’ababana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko ka virusi itera SIDA, abarwaye izindi kanseri n’izindi ndwara
– Kubyara abana benshi ukarenza abana bane bikurura ibi byago
– Indyo itaboneye
– Kurwara izindi ndwara zifata mu myanya ndangagitsina nk’imitezi, mburugu n’izindi
– Kunywa itabi
– Imwe mu miti ikoreshwa mu kuringaniza imbyaro.
Muri rusange, ibi bivuzwe hejuru bifasha virusi HPV z’amoko atandukanye guhangara umubiri no kuwuzahaza ntube ugishoboye guhagarika kanseri.
Kuba umuntu afite virusi HPV ntibivuga ko byanze bikunze azarwara kanseri y’inkondo y’umura.
IGIHE: Iyi ndwara ihagaze ite mu Rwanda no ku Isi muri rusange?
Dr Belson: Mu Rwanda kimwe na henshi mu bihugu bya Afurika y’i Burasirazuba, hari imibare yo hejuru cyane y’abafatwa na kanseri y’inkondo y’umura, aho ifata abagore 52 ku bihumbi ijana (52/100.000), nk’uko byemejwe n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima.
Kanseri y’inkondo y’umura iza ku mwanya wa gatatu muri kanseri zose zasuzumwe ku bitaro bya kaminuza bya Kigali (CHUK), ikaba ikurikira kanseri y’igifu n’iy’urura runini.
Iyi kanseri y’inkondo y’umura iza ari yo ya mbere muri kanseri z’abagore zasuzumiwe kuri ibyo bitaro kuva serivisi izisuzuma itangiye gukora mu Kwakira 2013 kugeza muri Nzeri 2015.
Mu bagore 2.122 basuzumwe ibibyimba bitandukanye, 498 muri bo bari fafite kanseri zinyuranye, ariko muri zo, 113 ni kanseri y’inkondo y’umura.
Muri aba barwayi basanganywe kanseri y’inkondo y’umura basuzumiwe kuri CHUK, umuto cyane yari afite imyaka 29, ukuze kurusha abandi yari afite imyaka 84, impuzandengo yari imyaka 53 y’amavuko.
Imibare y’abafatwa na kanseri y’inkondo y’umura muri Afurika iri hejuru
Imibare iri hejuru cyane ndetse ku rwego rw’Isi yose, ni iyo muri Afurika y’i Burasirazuba, kuva mu bihugu nka Somaliya na Eritreya, kugera kuri Mozambike na Botswana ndetse n’iwacu mu Rwanda.
Muri aka Karere (EAC) abagore 52 ku bihumbi ijana (52/100.000) bafatwa na kanseri y’inkondo y’umura buri mwaka.
Muri Afurika yo Hagati ndetse n’igice cy’Amajyepfo, kanseri y’inkondo y’umura ifata abagore 31 ku bihumbi ijana (31/100.000), naho muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru ndetse n’u Burengerazuba, igafata abagore 23 ku bihumbi100 (23/100.000).
Ku Isi yose kanseri y’inkondo y’umura iza ari aya gatatu ku bwinshi bw’abantu b’igitsinagore bafatwa na za kanseri.
Aho ibanzirizwa na kanseri y’ibere ndetse n’iy’urura runini, icyakora mu bihugu byateye imbere iza ku mwanya wa munani naho mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere ikaza ku mwanya wa kabiri.
Mu mwaka wa 2008 gusa, iyi kanseri yafashe abagore basaga ibihumbi 500 ku Isi yose hatabariwemo abari bayisanganywe, kandi muri uwo mwaka ihitana abasaga ibihumbi 200.
Mu bantu bafashwe na kanseri y’inkondo y’umura muri 2008, abasaga ibihumbi 76 ni abakomoka mu bihugu byateye imbere aho yahitanye abagore ibihumbi 33 naho abagera ku bihumbi 453 akaba ari abo mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere, aho yahitanye abagera ku bihumbi 242.
Imibare itangwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima yerekana ko umubare muto w’abafatwa n’iyi kanseri uboneka mu bihugu byo mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati n’u Bushinwa aho ifata abagore batanu mu bagore ibihumbi 100 (5/100.000), ahanini bitewe n’umuco uharangwa wo kugira isuku no gusiramura abagabo.
Muri Canada na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kanseri y’inkondo y’umura ifata abagore umunani ku bihumbi ijana (8/100.000) buri mwaka, mu Burayi igafata 10 ku bihumbi 10 (10/100.000) ku mwaka, naho muri Australia igafata abagore barindwi ku bihumbi 100 (7/100.000) buri mwaka.
IGIHE: Ni ibihe bimenyetso by’indwara ya kanseri y’inkondo y’umura?
Dr. Belson: Uko kanseri y’inkondo y’umura igenda ikura yigaragaza mu bimenyetso
binyuranye ariko ibyiganza cyane ni ibi bikurikira:
– Kuva amaraso no mu gihe kitari icy’imihango y’abagore
– Kuribwa mu kiziba cy’inda
– Kuribwa mu nda ibyara mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina
– Kuribwa mu kiziba cy’inda nyuma y’imibonano mpuzabitsina
– Kuzana uruzi rudasanzwe runuka mu myanya ndanga gitsina
Bimwe mu bimenyetso by’uko kanseri yamaze kwangiza izindi ngingo, harimo ukwifunga kw’inkari, amaraso mu nkari cyangwa mu musarani.
IGIHE:Ni gute wamenya hakiri kare ko ugiye gufatwa na kanseri y’inkondo y’umura?
Dr. Belson: Kanseri y’inkondo y’umura itangira ari uburwayi bworoheje bushobora gukira, iyo busuzumwe hakiri kare umugore agakurikiza inama ahawe na muganga.
Ku bitaro binyuranye bafata ikizamini (Pap smear) kigasuzumirwa ku bitaro bikuru, twasanga umugore yaratangiye kugira impinduka zerekeza kuri kanseri y’inkondo y’umura agahabwa inama z’ibigomba gukorwa.
Dukurikiza kandi ubumenyi n’amabwiriza mpuzamahanga, ariko ikibazo gikomeye n’uko mu bihugu bitaratera imbere n’u Rwanda rurimo, abantu benshi bisuzumisha ari uko babonye ko bafite ikibazo, akenshi ugasanga kanseri yageze aho bitagishoboka ko ivurwa igakira.
IGIHE: Iyi kanseri umuntu ayimarana igihe kinga iki ngo imuhitane?
Dr. Belson: Abenshi mu barwayi ba kanseri y’inkondo y’umura bicwa n’indwara y’impyiko bitewe n’uko iyo iyi kanseri igeze mu ruhago ifunga inzira y’inkari zigasubira inyuma zikangiza urwo rwungano kugera ku mpyiko ubwazo. Abandi bicwa no kuva amaraso cyane ndetse n’izindi mpamvu.
Iyo umurwayi yisuzumushije atinze, iyi kanseri iba yaramurenze bityo ikamwica mu gihe gito.
Ku bisuzumisha batinze, abagera kuri 16% gusa ni bo bamara imyaka itanu bagihumeka.
Ku bisuzumisha hakiri kare kanseri itarakura, 91% muri bo bamara imyaka itanu bakiriho ndetse bamwe barakira burundu.
Ibindi bishobora gufasha umuntu kurama harimo uburyo yitabwaho n’umuryango we, ubuvuzi, imirire, ndetse n’uburyo yakiriye uburwayi bwe.
IGIHE: Mbese iyi ndwara igira urukingo ku batarayirwara?
Dr. Belson: Urukingo rurinda kanseri y’inkondo y’umura rurahari kandi mu Rwanda ruratangwa.
Gusa nk’uko ubivuze, uru rukingo ruhabwa umuntu utarayirwara ndetse utari wandura kariya gakoko ka virusi HPV.
Iyi ni yo mpamvu uru rukingo ruhabwa abana bato bataragera ku bwangavu. Uru rukingo kandi rutekerezwaho ko runarinda za kanseri twavuze haruguru ziterwa n’agakoko ka virusi HPV.
Ibyo bituma abashakashatsi bamwe bo ku mugabane w’Uburayi muri iki gihe bifuza ko uru rukingo rwajya ruhabwa n’abahungu kugira ngo nabo rubarinde izo kanseri twavuze ariko ntibiremerwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima.
IGIHE: Ni gute iyi ndwara yakwirindwa?
Dr. Belson: Kwirinda kanseri y’inkondo y’umura bijyana no gufatira ingamba impamvu ziyikurura twavuze haruguru zirimo:
– Kwirinda imibonano mpuzabitsina umuntu akiri muto atarageza ku myaka 18 y’amavuko
– Kuba indahemuka ku ruhande rw’umugore ndetse n’umugabo
– Kugira isuku y’imyanya ndangagitsina
– Umugabo agomba kuba asiramuye
– Kwirinda ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA
– Kuyisuzumisha hakiri kare no gufata imiti, iyi virusi itarangiza ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri
– Kuringaniza imbyaro no gukurikiza abana bakuze
– Kurya indyo yuzuye
– Kwirinda izindi ndwara zandurira mu myanya ndangabitsina no kuzivuza hakiri kare mu gihe umuntu yazanduye
– Kwirinda kunywa itabi
– Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo kuringaniza imbyaro witaye ku kumenya niba mu bo mufitanye amasano ya hafi hari umuntu waba wararwaye kanseri y’inkondo yumura, iy’ibere cyangwa iy’imirerentanga (ovaries) n’ibindi.
TANGA IGITEKEREZO