Ubu bushakashatsi bwasohotse muri Nature Health, bwakozwe n’itsinda rigari ry’abaganga barimo Dr Menelas Nkeshimana, Umuyobozi ushinzwe Imyigishirize n’Iterambere ry’Abakozi bo kwa Muganga muri Minisiteri y’Ubuzima.

Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi ni intambwe ikomeye mu bumenyi kuri Marburg, kuko nubwo byari bizwi ko virusi zo mu muryango wa filoviruses, nka Ebola na Marburg, zishobora kuguma mu masohoro nyuma y’uko umuntu akize, ubushakashatsi buvuga ko kwandura Marburg binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina bitari byarigeze byemezwa neza mu byorezo birenga 15 bya Marburg byari bimaze kuboneka muri Afurika.

Abakoze ubu bushakashatsi barimo inzobere zo muri Minisiteri y’Ubuzima, Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, RBC, King Faisal Hospital n’izindi nzego z’ubuzima.

Bagaragaje ko abagabo babiri bari barwaye Marburg, bapimwe mu maraso bakagaragaza ko batakiyifite mbere yo gusezererwa mu bitaro, nyuma basanzwemo ibisigisigi bya virusi ya Marburg mu masohoro.

Abo bagabo bombi bakoze imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye n’abagore nyuma y’iminsi mike basezerewe mu bitaro. Abo bagore bombi bahise bagaragaza ibimenyetso bya Marburg, bapimwe hemezwa ko banduye.

Umugabo wa mbere, wiswe muri ubwo bushakashatsi Case A1, yari afite imyaka 25. Yahuye n’ubwandu bwa Marburg hagati ya tariki 8 na 15 Nzeri 2024, atangira kugaragaza ibimenyetso ku wa 25 Nzeri. Yagize umuriro, kuruka, isesemi, impiswi, umunaniro ukabije, kuribwa mu nda, kubabara imikaya n’ingingo.

Yagiye kwivuza uwo munsi, ariko yinjizwa mu bitaro ku wa 27 Nzeri, nyuma y’uko ubuzima bwe burushijeho kuzamba.

Ku wa 28 Nzeri, ibipimo byemeje ko afite Marburg. Yagejejwe mu cyumba cy’indembe, ahabwa umuti wa remdesivir. Nyuma y’iminsi 13 mu bitaro, yasezerewe ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2024, amaze gupimwa inshuro ebyiri zikurikiranye mu maraso bagasanga nta virusi ikigaragaramo.

Icyakora, nta gipimo cy’amasohoro cyakozwe mbere y’uko asezererwa. Nyuma yaho, amasohoro ye yapimwe asangwamo ibisigisigi bya virusi ya Marburg.

Ku wa 19 Ukwakira 2024, ni ukuvuga nyuma y’iminsi icyenda asezerewe, uyu mugabo yakoze imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye n’umugore w’imyaka 21 wiswe Case A2.

Uyu mugore yatangiye kugaragaza ibimenyetso ku wa 24 Ukwakira, birimo umuriro, kuruka, isesemi n’umunaniro ukabije. Yagiye kwivuza ku wa 25 Ukwakira, aza kwinjizwa mu bitaro ku wa 27 Ukwakira. Ku wa 29 Ukwakira, ibipimo byemeje ko afite Marburg.

Ubushakashatsi buvuga ko uyu mugore yitaweho hakurikijwe amabwiriza y’u Rwanda yo kuvura Marburg, na we ahabwa remdesivir. Yasezerewe mu bitaro ku wa 8 Ugushyingo 2024.

Abashakashatsi bagaragaje ko nta kimenyetso cy’uko uyu mugore yaba yarahuye n’uwo mugabo mu buryo bwamwanduza mbere y’uko ajya mu bitaro, uretse iyo mibonano mpuzabitsina yabaye nyuma y’uko umugabo asezerewe.

Umugabo wa kabiri, wiswe Case B1, yari afite imyaka 29. Yahuye n’ubwandu bwa Marburg ku wa 23 Nzeri 2024, atangira kugira ibimenyetso ku wa 30 Nzeri, birimo umuriro n’umunaniro ukabije.
Yagiye kwivuza uwo munsi, yinjizwa mu bitaro ku wa 1 Ukwakira. Icyo gihe ibipimo byemeje ko afite Marburg. Yagaragazaga ko yari afite virusi ku rwego ruciriritse ugereranyije n’uwa mbere wari ufite iyo ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Uyu mugabo ntiyagejejwe mu cyumba cy’indembe. Yahawe remdesivir, ubuzima bwe burushaho kumera neza. Yasezerewe mu bitaro ku wa 15 Ukwakira 2024, nyuma y’iminsi 14, amaze gupimwa inshuro ebyiri zikurikiranye mu maraso bagasanga nta virusi ikigaragaramo. Na we nta gipimo cy’amasohoro cyari cyakozwe mbere yo gusezererwa. Nyuma yaho, amasohoro ye yasanzwemo virusi ya Marburg.

Umugore wiswe Case B2, na we w’imyaka 29, nta hantu hazwi yari yarigeze ahurira n’ubwandu bwa Marburg hakurikijwe amakuru y’iperereza ry’icyorezo.

Ku wa 19 Ukwakira 2024, yakoze imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye n’uyu mugabo wari warakize. Ku wa 23 Ukwakira, yatangiye kugira umuriro, kuruka, isesemi, impiswi y’amazi, umunaniro ukabije no guhumeka nabi.

Yagiye kwivuza ku wa 25 Ukwakira, uwo munsi yinjizwa mu bitaro. Ku wa 26 Ukwakira, ibipimo byemeje ko afite Marburg. Yahawe ubuvuzi burimo umuti wa remdesivir, asezererwa mu bitaro ku wa 5 Ugushyingo 2024.

Ubushakashatsi buvuga ko uyu mugore n’umugabo wamwanduje batabanaga, kandi nta kindi kimenyetso cyabonetse cy’uko baba barahuye mu gihe umugabo yari akirwaye mbere yo kujya mu bitaro. Ibi byatumye abashakashatsi bavuga ko inzira ishoboka cyane yo kwandura ari imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye.

Umuyobozi ushinzwe Imyigishirize n'Iterambere ry'Abakozi bo kwa Muganga muri Minisiteri y'Ubuzima, Dr Menelas Nkeshimana, (ubanza ibumoso) ni umwe mu baganga bahanganye na Marburg wakoze kuri ubu bushakashatsi

Abashakashatsi basobanuye ko batashingiye ku nkuru z’abarwayi gusa. Bakoze iperereza ryimbitse ku mateka y’abo barwayi, bareba uko ibimenyetso byagiye bikurikirana, igihe imibonano yabereye, igihe abagore batangiriye kurwara, ibisubizo by’ibipimo, n’uko nta yindi nzira y’ubwandu yabonetse.
Banakoze isesengura ryose ry’inkomoko ya virusi (genome), nubwo atashoboye kuboneka byuzuye.

Ku murwayi A1 habonetse 71% bya genome, naho ku murwayi B2 haboneka 76%. Ibyo bice byagaragaje ko virusi yari mu bwoko bwa Marburg buri mu itsinda rya clade B, rifitanye isano n’ubwabonetse muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo mu cyorezo cyo mu 1999-2000, ndetse n’ubwabonetse muri Uganda hagati ya 2007 na 2009.

Izo genome zahawe amazina ya PZ112888 na PZ112889. Ugereranyije n’andi makuru ya genome yari yarabonetse mu cyorezo cya Marburg mu Rwanda, zagaragaje isano rikomeye, bishimangira ko abo barwayi bari mu ruhererekane rw’icyo cyorezo.

Icyakora abashakashatsi bagaragaje imbogamizi z’ubushakashatsi. Ntabwo bashoboye gukora genome yuzuye ku masohoro. Ntabwo kandi bakoze imiterere ya virusi mu masohoro, kuko ubushobozi bwo kuyikora butari buhari muri laboratoire. Gusa bavuze ko hari gahunda yo kongera ubushobozi bwa laboratoire y’igihugu kugira ngo izajye ishobora gukora ibizamini byimbitse birimo no gukura virusi mu ngirangingo.

Ikindi cy’ingenzi ni uko aba bagabo bombi bari barasezerewe nyuma yo gupimwa mu maraso bigasanga nta virusi ikigaragaramo, inshuro ebyiri zikurikiranye hagati y’amasaha 24 na 48. Bari banahawe inama zo kwifata mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, gukoresha agakingirizo no kwitwararika isuku ijyanye n’imibonano, hashingiwe ku bumenyi bwari busanzwe buzwi kuri filoviruses.

Nyuma y’ibi bibazo, u Rwanda rwahinduye uburyo bwo gukurikirana abakize Marburg. Mbere, umuntu yashoboraga gusezererwa hashingiwe ku bipimo bibiri byo mu maraso byagaragazaga ko nta virusi igihari. Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko icyuho cyari gihari ari uko nta gupima amasohoro byakorwaga mbere yo gusezerera abarwayi.

Nyuma y’icyorezo, hashyizweho amabwiriza mashya arimo gupima amasohoro n’andi matembabuzi y’umubiri ku bagabo n’abagore mu bihe bitandukanye nyuma yo gusezererwa. Hashyizweho kandi gahunda yo gukurikirana abakize mu gihe kirekire, hagamijwe kumenya niba virusi ishobora kuguma mu mubiri nyuma y’uko umuntu aba yaragaragaye nk’uwakize.

Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi bishobora gufasha u Rwanda n’Isi muri rusange gusobanukirwa neza uko Marburg ishobora gukomeza kuba mu mubiri nyuma yo gukira, n’uko ingamba zo gusezerera no gukurikirana abarwayi zigomba kunozwa mu byorezo bizaza.

Umuntu wa mbere wanduye icyorezo cya Marburg yabonetse mu Rwanda tariki ya 27 Nzeri 2024. Kuva icyo gihe abanduye icyo cyorezo ni 66, abapfuye ni 15, abakize ni 51.