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Ububi bwa Marburg, virusi iri mu za mbere zitinyitse ku Isi

Yanditswe na Nshuti Hamza
Kuya 14 October 2024 saa 08:18
Yasuwe :

Benshi mu Baturarwanda bumvishe bwa mbere virusi ya Marburg mu mpera za Nzeri 2024. Gusa imaze imyaka myinshi iriho kuko mu 1967 ni bwo yamenyekanye nyuma y’aho abakozi bo muri laboratwari bo mu Budage na Yugoslavia (yaje kuba Serbia) banduraga icyo cyorezo kitari cyizwi.

Byaje kugaragara ko ubwandu bwayo bwakomotse ku nkende zari zinjijwe muri laboratwari zo mu mijyi ya Marburg na Frankfurt mu Budage, na Belgrade muri Serbia, zikuwe muri Uganda.

Ni ibintu byahise binerekana ko virusi ya Marburg ikwirakwira mu bantu kimwe n’inyamaswa.

Ntibiramenyekana niba hari ahandi hantu Marburg yaba yarakomotse hatari muri Afurika.

Nyuma y’iyo myaka ya 1960, Marburg yongeye kugaragara muri Afurika y’Epfo mu 1975, muri Kenya mu 1980 na 1987, muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo mu 1998-2000, muri Angola mu 2005, muri Uganda mu 2007, 2008, 2012, 2014 na 2017.

Yagaragaye kandi muri Guinea mu 2021, muri Ghana mu 2022, no muri Equatorial Guinea na Tanzania mu 2023.

Abantu bashobora kuyandura bakoze ku nyamaswa (inkende cyangwa uducurama) ziyirwaye, cyangwa amatembabuzi yazo.

Bashobora no kuyanduzwa n’amatembabuzi (nk’inkari, amaraso, n’amacandwe) y’abandi bayanduye cyangwa bakoze ku bintu byakozweho n’abafite ubwandu bakahasiga amatembabuzi yabo.

Ibyago byo kuba umuntu yayanduzwa n’udutonyanga tw’amatembabuzi duto cyane twatwawe n’umuyaga biri hasi cyane.

Ni yo mpamvu kuyirinda bisaba gukaza ingamba z’isuku no kwirinda gusangira ibikoresho n’umuntu ufite ibimenyetso bisa n’iby’iyo ndwara. Ntibisaba cyane kwambara agapfukamunwa nk’uko bigenda kuri COVID-19.

Hagaragazwa ko virusi ya Marburg iza ku mwanya wa mbere muri virusi 10 zitinyitse ku Isi. Kuri urwo rutonde rutagaragaraho virusi itera SIDA n’itera COVID-19, iya Marburg ikurikiwe n’iya Ebola.

Kugaragaza Marburg nk’ikanganye kurusha izindi virusi bifite ishingiro kuko uwayanduye nubwo ashobora gukira, ibyago by’uko imuhitana bigera kuri 90%.

Olivier Uwishema wayikozeho ubushakashatsi kuva mu 2022, aherutse kubwira IGIHE ko ikwirakwira byihuse iyo yafashe abantu bari mu muryango umwe, abantu baba hamwe, cyangwa bakora ku murwayi batabanje kwitwararika ku ngamba zo kwirinda.

Yagize ati “Amahirwe yo gukira araterwa n’imbaraga z’umubiri w’umuntu, ubufasha bwihuse, ndetse n’uburyo bwo kwita ku murwayi. Ubuvuzi bwihuse no kwitabwaho bigira uruhare runini mu kongera amahirwe yo gukira.”

Ikigo gishinzwe Ubuvuzi bw’indwara muri Afurika, Africa CDC, kivuga ko nta muti uvura Marburg uremezwa. Gusa kigaragaza ko uwa Remdesivir uri kwifashishwa mu Rwanda ari wo ukomeje kwiyambazwa nk’ubutababazi bw’ibanze aho icyo cyorezo kigaragaye hose ku Isi, mu gihe OMS igishyize ingufu mu ikorwa ry’urukingo.

Akenshi uwanduye Marburg ahabwa imiti ivura ibimenyetso yagaragaje nk’uko byakorwaga kuri COVID-19. Niba afite umuriro, ahabwa ibinini by’umuriro.

Iyo virusi ya Marburg igeze mu mubiri isenya uturemangingo dufasha mu kugumana amaraso n’imikaya, bigatuma umurwayi atangira kuva amaraso mu buryo bukabije kandi imikorere y’ingingo z’umubiri igahagarara vuba, bigatera urupfu mu minsi mike.

Yica vuba kuko ikora ku bice by’ingenzi mu mubiri hafi ya byose. Ikora ku maraso igatuma habaho ’coagulation disorders’, bigatera kuva amaraso mu mubiri w’umuntu (hemorrhagic symptoms), ndetse ikangiza ibice by’ingenzi by’umubiri nk’umutima, umwijima, n’impyiko, bikarangira umurwayi agaragaje ibimenyetso bikomeye mu gihe gito nyuma yo kwandura.

Ibimenyetso by’uwanduye Marburg birimo kubabara umutwe, gucika intege, kugira umuriro ukabije, kubabara imikaya, kubabara mu nda, guhitwa, kuruka ariko by’umwihariko impiswi n’ibirutsi bishobora kwivanga n’amaraso.

Mu kiganiro n’Abanyamakuru ku wa 13 Ukwakira 2024, Minisitiri w’Ubuzima Dr Sabin Nsanzimana, yagize ati “Ni icyorezo kibi cyane. U Rwanda si igihugu cya mbere cyagaragayemo iki cyorezo, bisaba igihe n’imbaraga mu guhangana nacyo.”

Magingo aya hari amahuriro abiri y’abashakashatsi atandukanye akomeje gukora amanywa n’ijoro ashaka urukingo rwa Marburg.

Harimo irya MARVAC rifite imizi muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, rikorana bya hafi na OMS. Irindi ni irya MARVAX rishyigikiwe cyane n’ibihugu by’u Burayi.

Virusi ya Marburg ishyirwa ku mwanya wa mbere ku rutonde rw'iziteye ubwoba ku Isi yose

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