Iyi nama iri kuba ku nshuro ya 14, ni iya kabiri ibereye ku Mugabane wa Afurika. Ni imwe mu za mbere zikomeye Cameroun yakiriye kuva yabona ubwigenge mu 1960.

Umwe mu bantu basanzwe batuye muri Cameroun yabwiye IGIHE ko “nta kindi gikorwa gihuza abantu benshi baturutse imihanda yose y’Isi Cameroun yigeze yakira mu myaka 60 ishize.”

Mu Mujyi wa Yaoundé, imihanda imwe n’imwe yarafunzwe mu kwitegura iyi nama.

Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda w’u Rwanda, Prudence Sebahizi, yabwiye IGIHE ko ikintu cya mbere cyitezwe muri iyi nama, ari amavugururwa y’uburyo ukora, ahanini bishingiye ku bucuruzi.

WTO ni Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ubucuruzi washinzwe mu 1995. Inama y’Abaminisitiri b’Ubucuruzi ni rwo rwego rukuru rufata ibyemezo. Inama ya mbere yabaye mu 1996 muri Singapore, icyo gihe u Bushinwa, kimwe mu bihugu bifite ijambo muri uyu muryango ntabwo bwari umunyamuryango.

Ubukungu bw’Isi muri icyo gihe bwari burangajwe imbere n’ibice bine, aribyo bifite ijambo rikomeye no muri uyu muryango. Ibyo ni Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, U Burayi, u Buyapani na Canada.

Mu mikorere y’uyu muryango, kugira ngo umwanzuro ufatwe, ni uko ibihugu byose biba biwemeranyaho. Ntabwo hariho uburyo bumeze nk’ubwo muri Loni, aho igihugu kiba gifite ubudahangarwa ku mwanzuro, ku buryo gishobora kuwitambika cyangwa kigakoresha ububasha bwacyo ugatorwa.

Muri WTO niba igihugu kimwe kitemeye umwanzuro, ibindi biba bigomba kukiganiriza kugeza cyemeye. Bivuze ko buri gihugu gifite uburenganzira ku ijambo riva muri iyi nama.

Ingingo eshanu ni zo ziri kuganirwaho mu mavugurura akenewe muri uyu muryango. Izo zirimo nkunganire ikwiriye gushyirwa mu bijyanye n’uburobyi bw’amafi. Ibyo bireba cyane ibihugu bikora ku nyanja, aho usanga niba bituranye n’ibindi bifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru mu burobyi, bishobora kujya mu mazi bikaroba amafi menshi bititaye ku bindi. Hari kwigwa ku mategeko akwiriye.

Indi ngingo ni ijyanye n’amasezerano yo koroherezanya mu bucuruzi, gahunda ihamye ijyanye n’uburyo ubucuruzi bwifashisha ikoranabuhanga bukorwa n’igihe amategeko ajyanye nabwo agomba kwemerezwa. Izindi ngingo ni izijyanye no guteza imbere urwego rw’ubuhinzi n’izindi zijyanye n’iterambere ry’ibihugu bikennye.

WTO iyobowe n’Umunya-Nigeria, Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala

Kumvikana byagoranye kugeza ku munsi wa nyuma

Ibiganiro biri kubera muri WTO i Yaoundé, byashyizwe mu muhezo kuko ari ibiganiro bidaca ku ruhande by’ibihugu. Buri gihugu kiba gishaka kumvikanisha ijwi ryacyo, kititaye ko ari gito cyangwa ari kinini mu ngano no mu bushobozi.

Minisitiri Sebahizi ubwo yitabiraga iyi nama, yanditse ku rukuta rwe rwa LinkedIn ati “Ihame ryo guhuriza hamwe rya WTO rikunda kumvikana nabi. Ntabwo bivuze kwemeranya, aho buri munyamuryango abona ibintu kimwe n’undi, nta nubwo ari uburyo bwa “Veto” [ubudahangarwa] aho umwe mu banyamuryango ashobora kwitambika ibigomba gukorwa. Ahubwo ni uburyo imyanzuro yemezwa nta munyamuryango uyifiteho ingingimira”.

Yavuze ko kubona ibintu kimwe bituma buri munyamuryango, yaba igihugu gito cyangwa ikinini, kigira ijwi ariko bitabangamiye inyungu zihuriweho.

Kugeza mu masaha y’igitondo yo ku wa Gatandatu, ibihugu byari byananiwe kumvikana kuri imwe mu ngingo ziri kuganirwaho muri iyi nama. Iyo ni ijyanye na ‘moratorium’ ku bijyanye n’ubucuruzi bwo kuri internet.

‘Moratorium’ bisobanuye igihe cy’agateganyo gishyirwaho n’ibihugu kugira ngo bibe bihagaritse kwemeza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’umwanzuro runaka mu bucuruzi, hanyuma bitume habaho umwanya uhagije w’ibiganiro n’inyigo.

Uyu mwanzuro uri kwigwaho, ujyanye n’ubucuruzi bwo kuri internet. Washyiriweho moratorium mu 1998, aho ibihugu byemeranyijwe kudashyiraho imisoro ku bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga nka software, serivisi z’ikoranabuhanga, kwerekana ibintu mu buryo mbonankubone (streaming), ububiko mu ikoranabuhanga n’ibindi.

Akamaro k’iyi moratorium gashingiye ahanini ku ngaruka ibyo byagira ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Abashyigikiye ko moratorium igumaho, bavuga ko ituma ubucuruzi bw’ikoranabuhanga bukomeza kuba ubuganwa na buri wese, buhendutse cyane cyane ku baguzi n’abafite ubucuruzi buto.

Gusa abandi bavuga ko moratorium ituma ibihugu bitinjiza imisoro mu buryo bukwiriye muri iki gihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje kuzamuka. Aho ni ho impaka zishingiye.

Iyi ngingo ya “e-commerce moratorium” isa n’iyihariye inama ya Yaoundé kurusha izindi zose. Impamvu ni uko mu gihe yaba ivuguruwe, imisoro ku bucuruzi bw’ikoranabuhanga n’ibindi bijyanye nayo yaba itagihagaritswe by’agatenyo, byaba bisobanuye ko igiciro abakoresha serivisi z’ikoranabuhanga mu bucuruzi bacibwa gihita cyiyongera ku Isi hose.

Ibyo bivuze ko ingaruka zagaragara guhera mu kuba umuntu amanura software kuri internet, mu bijyanye no gusoma ibitabo kuri internet, kumva umuziki, kureba filime, video games n’ibindi.

Umwe mu bitabiriye inama yabwiye IGIHE ko ibiganiro kuva ku wa Gatandatu byakomeje ndetse ko uruhande rwa Afurika rwatangiye gucikamo ibice, bamwe bakajya ku ruhande rwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Ati “Twari tugihari kugeza Saa Cyenda za mu gitondo”.

Impande ebyiri zihanganye mu bitekerezo

Ibihugu bikomeye mu bucuruzi bwo kuri internet nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, Canada n’u Buyapani, birashaka ko moratorium igumaho by’iteka.

Ibi bivuze ko abakora ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi baba babizi neza ko nta misoro mishya bazigera bashyirirwaho. Ibyo bifasha ibigo by’ubucurizi, gutegura neza ahazaza, gukora ishoramari ryinshi no kwagura ibikorwa ku ruhando mpuzamahanga nta nkomyi.

Ibigo 200 bikora ubucuruzi byasinye inyandiko ihuriweho yemera iyi ngingo.

Ibihugu bimwe bikiri kubaka ubukungu bwabyo nk’u Buhinde bivuga ko uwo mwanzuro bitawushyigikiye kuko byatuma bitabasha gukusanya imisoro ngo biteze imbere urwego rw’ubucuruzi bwo kuri internet binahangane muri iyo ngeri.

Abasesenguzi bavuga ko kuba moratorium yagumaho nk’uko Amerika n’ibindi bihugu bikize bibishaka, byahombeje ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere arenga miliyari 10$ mu misoro mu 2017.

Muri iyi nama y’i Yaounde, Amerika yasabye ko ‘moratorium’ igumaho burundu, naho u Buhinde busaba ko yakongererwa imyaka ibiri gusa. Ibihugu bya Afurika, Caraïbes na Pacifique byo bisaba ko yakongerwa kugera mu nama itaha y’abaminisitiri.

Mu mfuruka za Palais de Congrès ahari kubera iyi nama, hari n’amajwi avuga ko Amerika ishobora kwemera ko igihe gishobora kugera ku myaka icumi, abandi bakavuga ko ibihugu binyamuryango bishobora kutemera kongeraho imyaka ibiri.

Ku rundi ruhande, bivugwa ko mu gihe Amerika itabona ibyo ishaka kuri iyi ngingo, bishobora kuba impamvu yo kubangamira uyu muryango mu buryo bweruye.

Hari n’amajwi avuga ko igihe gishobora kongerwaho imyaka itandatu. Usibye iyi ngingo, n’amavugurura akwiriye gukorwa mu buhinzi nayo yagoranye.

Iyi nama ni imwe mu zikomeye Cameroun yakiriye

U Buyapani buri mu bihugu byageze muri uyu muryango mbere

Ibihugu bikomeye mu bucuruzi bwo kuri internet nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, Canada n’u Buyapani, birashaka ko moratorium igumaho by’iteka