Mu nkuru yatambutse muri Financial Times, Kazadi yavuze ko ku gihugu nk’u Rwanda gifite umutungo kamere muke, ayo mabuye yose rwagurishije “yaturutse muri Congo" ati "ni ibintu bigaragara. Ntabwo ari ibinyoma, ni ukuri.”

Umuvugizi wa Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, Yolande Makolo, yavuze ko urwego rw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu Rwanda rukora mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kandi ko rugenzurwa n’Inzego Mpuzamahanga zitandukanye ku buryo inkomoko y’amabuye yarwo iba izwi.

On this ridiculous fantasy of the DRC finance minister relayed by @FT, I also told @AndresSchipani that Rwanda’s growing mining sector is fully regulated and monitored by the ITSCI and other international regulators, and traceability is compulsory. pic.twitter.com/l08TRPlkJt

— Yolande Makolo 🇷🇼 (@YolandeMakolo) March 21, 2023

Kuba Congo ari gihugu gikungahaye ku mutungo kamere, ibyo ntawe ubihakana kuko kiri mu bya mbere ku Isi bifite amabuye menshi ya cobalt agezweho muri iyi minsi mu nganda zikora imodoka n’ibindi bikoresho by’amashanyarazi, ikungahaye kuri diamant, Cuivre, zinc, zahabu n’andi mabuye y’ubwoko bwose.

Bivugwa ko ufashe ubutunzi buri mu nda ya Congo butarakorwaho na rimwe ukabugurisha, nibura wabona miliyari 24000$. Bivuze ko Congo ikize kurusha Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kuko ufashe icyo gihugu cya mbere gikize ku Isi kibarirwa miliyari 23000$.

Igiteye agahinda, ni uburyo Congo iri mu bihugu icumi bya mbere bikennye, abaturage bagerwaho n’umuriro w’amashanyarazi bakaba batarenga 10% mu gihe ifite ingomero zibyajwe umusaruro zacanira Afurika yose.

Umuturage wa Congo ku mwaka abarirwa ko yinjiza amadolari 570, aho arushwa n’umuturage w’u Rwanda amadolari agera kuri 300.

Minisitiri Kazadi yabwiye The Financial Times ko bategereje ko amahanga afatira u Rwanda ibihano kugira ngo ruhagarike kwiba amabuye ya Congo, kuko aricyo gituma badatera imbere.

Biratangaje kuba byavuzwe na Kazadi ushinzwe isanduku ya Leta muri RDC, wakabaye uzi neza intandaro y’ibibazo bafite aho kubyegeka ku Rwanda, rudafite ikirombe na kimwe rugenzura muri Congo.

Ni nde wiba amabuye ya Congo?

Mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 20, ni ukuvuga hagati ya 1997-2000, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo yari iri mu muriro, mu ntambara zayisenye zigasiga inzego hafi ya zose z’igihugu ziriho zitariho.

Leta ya Laurent Desire Kabila yisanze mu bibazo byinshi, by’umwihariko mu bukene bukabije butashoboraga gutuma hari ikindi kintu gikorwa, kandi ikeneye intwaro zo guhangana n’imitwe y’inyeshyamba n’ibihugu byo mu karere byari bihanganye.

Albert Yuma Mulimbi yamaze imyaka 11 ari Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cya Leta ya Congo gishinzwe amabuye y’agaciro, cyizwi nka Gécamines, guhera mu 2010 kugeza mu 2021.

Uyu mugabo w’imyaka 67, umwaka ushize yakoze ikiganiro kirambuye n’Umunyamakuru Alain Foka, asobanura birambuye akaga igihugu cye cyahuye nako, gatuma kidatera imbere kandi ari kimwe mu bihugu ku isi gifite umutungo kamere mwinshi.

Albert Yuma agaragaza ko RDC bayubitseho urusyo mu masezerano yo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, bigakubitana n'abayobozi b'abasahuzi

Albert Yuma Mulimbi yavuze ko ubwo Laurent Kabila yari amaze gufata ubutegetsi, abanyamahanga bamushutse bakamusaba kubaha uburenganzira bwo gucunga ibirombe by’amabuye y’agaciro, kugira ngo babone uko baguriza igihugu cye amafaranga yo kwifashisha mu ntambara no mu iterambere.

Ati “Baratubwiraga ngo mwe Leta ya Congo nta bushobozi mugifite bwo guteza imbere no gukomeza gucukura amabuye yanyu y’agaciro, turabagira inama yo kubiharira abafatanyabikorwa b’abanyamahanga babizobereyemo kandi bafite ubushobozi, bazabikora neza kubarusha. Ni ikosa rikomeye twakoze tutari dukwiriye gukora.”

Foka yakomeje kotsa igitutu Yuma ngo asobanure abo banyamahanga babashutse, undi adaciye ku ruhande avuga ko harimo Banki y’Isi n’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari (IMF).

Ibi bigo bibiri, ni intwaro zikomeye zifashishwa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’Abanyaburayi mu kugenzura ubukungu bw’ibihugu bikiri mu nziya y’Amajyambere, nkuko Roosemary Foot yabyanditse mu bushakashatsi bwe, US Hegemony and International Organizations: The United States and Multilateral Institutions Get access Arrow.

Leta ya Congo imaze kugurisha ibirombe byayo by’amabuye y’agaciro ikabiharira abanyamahanga, yasigaranye imigabane mike cyane nayo igacungwa na Gecamines.

Congo imaze kugurisha ibirombe byayo by’amabuye y’agaciro, yatangiye guhabwa inguzanyo. Ubwo amasezerano yasinywaga, Yuma avuga ko bari babijeje ko amafaranga azakoreshwa mu gucukura no gutunganya ayo mabuye y’agaciro, ari umutungo bwite wa sosiyete z’abanyamahanga, nyamara ngo baje gusanga barabeshywe, izo sosiyete nazo zagiye kuyaguza muri banki.

Ati “Ibyo bigo by’amahanga byafashe ibirombe byacu, bajya kubitangaho ingwate mu mabanki y’amahanga, bajya gufata inguzanyo aho kuzana amafaranga yabo nkuko bari babidusezeranyije. Ni amafaranga bafata ku nyungu igera kuri 10 % mu gihe twari tuzi ku bitazarenga inyungu ya 2% cyangwa 3 %.”

Bivuze ko mu mafaranga ava mu mabuye y’agaciro, amenshi ashirira mu mifuka y’abanyamahanga, Congo igasigarana utuvungukira.

RDC niyo itunze cobalt nyinshi ku Isi ariko amafaranga avamo ajya mu mahanga

Muri Kamena 2022, Ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura imari ya Leta ya Congo (IGF), cyasohoye raporo y’ubugenzuzi cyari kimazemo iminsi muri Gecamines.

Hagati ya 2010 na 2020, ibigo bifite mu maboko ibirombe by’amabuye y’agaciro muri RDC byinjiye miliyari 35$, nyamara amafaranga ya komisiyo bishyuye Gécamines ni miliyoni 564$, bivuze 1,6 %.

Ubugenzuzi kandi bwagaragaje ko muri iyo myaka yose, Gecamines ubwayo yabashije kwinjiza miliyari 2 z’amadolari ariko miliyari 1,5$ yakoreshejwe mu kwishyura uduhimbazamushyi na misiyo z’abakozi.

Ni mu gihe hari miliyoni 400 z’amadolari yaburiwe irengero kandi inyandiko zose zigaragaza ko ayo mafaranga yinjiye kuri konti za Gecamines.

Albert Yuma avuga ko biteye agahinda kuba Congo yaremeye guha ububasha abanyamahanga ngo bagenzure ibirombe byayo, kuko byatumye itindahara kurusha uko byari bimeze, ubwo ibirombe byose byacungwaga na Gecamines.

Ati “Ubwo Leta yari ikibyibereyemo ikoresha ikigo cyayo Gecamines, yacukuraga toni ibihumbi 500 ku mwaka, ku buryo ariyo yashyigikiraga ingengo y’imari ya Leta ku kigero cya 70%. Nyamara uyu munsi twohereza hanze hejuru ya toni miliyoni, amabuye y’agaciro ntanagira 17 % by’amafaranga Leta yinjiza mu gihe cy’imyaka igera kuri 20.”

Mu birombe by’amabuye y’agaciro Congo ifite, 70 % bigenzurwa n’u Bushinwa binyuze mu masezerano yasinywe mu 2008 hagati y’u Bushinwa na Guverinoma ya Congo icyo gihe yari iyobowe na Joseph Kabila.

Amasezerano yavugaga ko u Bushinwa buzacukura miliyoni 10 za cuivre na toni 600 000 za cobalt bifite agaciro ka miliyari 50$ mu gihe cy’imyaka 25, haracyabura imyaka icumi.

Nk’ingurane, u Bushinwa bwagombaga buzubaka ibitaro birenga 30, ibibuga by’indege bibiri, imihanda ya gari ya moshi ingana na kilometero 3000 n’imihanda isanzwe ya kaburimbo ya kilometero zisaga 7000.

IGF iherutse gukora raporo, ivuga ko u Bushinwa bwabahenze kuko nta nyungu Congo yavanye mu byari bikubiye mu masezerano. Icyo gihugu ndetse cyasabye sosiyete zo mu Bushinwa kwishyura agera kuri miliyari 20$ y’ibyo cyagombaga gukora bitakozwe.

Biragoye kwemeza ukuri kw’ibyo Congo ivuga dore ko u Bushinwa bwo bwagaragaje ko ntacyo bemeranyije kitakozwe, mu gihe ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Tshisekedi bwagiye bwigamba kenshi gusubiramo ayo masezerano kuko yasinywe hariho ubutegetsi bwa Joseph Kabila.

Ikindi ni uko Tshisekedi muri iyi minsi akeneye Amerika n’ibihugu by’i Burayi cyane ngo bimuhe intwaro zo guhangana na M23, kandi ibyo bihugu ntibyigeze bihagarika gukubita agatoki ku kandi kubera uburyo u Bushinwa bufite 70 % by’amabuye y’agaciro ya Congo.

Yuma yavuze ko impamvu Congo ikize ariko abaturage bayo bagakena, ikibazo gikomeye kiri mu miyoborere mibi.

Ati “Hari ubushobozi buke bwo kutabasha kwicungira imitungo yacu kamere, twibwira ko hari inama nziza tugirwa n’abanyamahanga. Ni ukubera kandi akavuyo dufite muri Leta kuko n’amafaranga iyo abonetse, ntabwo tubasha kongera kuyabyaza umusaruro.”

Ibi ni nabyo Perezida w’u Bufaransa Emmanuel Macron aherutse kuvugira i Kinshasa, ko nta munyamahanga uzajya kubakemurira ikibazo mu gihe ubuyobozi Congo ifite butabyikoreye.

Mu gihe Minisitiri Kazadi avuga ko amabuye y’agaciro u Rwanda rutunze aturuka muri Congo, yiyibagiza ko u Rwanda rwatangiye gucukurwamo ayo mabuye kuva mu gihe cy’ubukoloni.

Amabuye y’agaciro u Rwanda rufite yinjiriza igihugu amafaranga menshi

Nko mu bihembwe bine by’umwaka wa 2015, amabuye y’agaciro yagurishijwe mu mahanga yinjije miliyoni 149$. Icyo gihe hacurujwe gasegereti, coltan, wolfram n’ubundi bwoko bw’amabuye (budasobanurwa ubwo ari bwo muri iyi raporo).

Umwaka wakurikiyeho wa 2016, hinjiye miliyoni zisaga 166, 5$ aho gasegereti yinjije miliyoni 34,8$; coltan yinjiza miliyoni 39,7$; wolfram yinjiza miliyoni 11,9$ naho ubundi bwoko bw’amabuye bwinjiza miliyoni 80$.

Mu 2017 umusaruro wariyongereye ndetse usa n’uwikubye inshuro zirenze ebyiri kuko igihugu cyinjije miliyoni zisaga 373$ yakusanyijwe mu bihembwe bine by’uwo mwaka.

Gasegereti yavuyemo miliyoni zisaga 50,1$; coltan miliyoni 62,1$; wolfram yinjije miliyoni 12,6$ mu gihe ubundi bwoko bw’amabuye bwinjije miliyoni 248, 5$.

Umwaka wa 2018 ho hinjijwe miliyoni 346, 6$, ubundi bwoko bw’amabuye y’agaciro ni bwo bwari ku isonga mu kwinjiriza igihugu angana na miliyoni 204, 4$.

Agaciro k’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n’u Rwanda bivuye mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro kavuye kuri miliyoni 373$ mu 2017 kagera kuri miliyoni 733$ mu 2020.

Nubwo mu 2021 umusaruro w’amabuye y’agaciro yoherezwa mu mahanga wamanutse ukagera kuri miliyoni 516$ kubera ibiciro biri hasi ku isoko mpuzamahanga, mu mwaka wa 2022 ibyoherejwe mu mahanga Mutarama- Nzeri byageze kuri miliyoni 585$.

Umwaka wa 2022 warangiye amabuye y’agaciro ya gasegereti yinjirije u Rwanda miliyoni 85,5$ yavuye mu mabuye afite ibilo bingana na toni ibihumbi 4,4 mu gihe Coltan yacukuwe yanganaga na toni 1304 yinjirije u Rwanda miliyoni 63,6$.

Wolfram yacukuwe yanganaga na toni 2943 yinjiriza igihugu miliyoni 54$ naho zahabu yacukuwe yangana n’ibilo 9470 yinjiriza igihugu miliyoni 555$. Andi mabuye y’agaciro angana na toni 9949 yinjirije igihugu miliyoni 13,$.

Muri rusange, umwaka wa 2022 warangiye amabuye y’agaciro yinjirije igihugu miliyoni 772$.

Mu kiganiro n’Abanyamakuru cyo ku wa Gatatu tariki 1 Werurwe 2023, Perezida Kagame yavuze ko abashinja u Rwanda kwiba amabuye y’agaciro ya RDC, batazi ukuri, kuko no mu Rwanda ahari.

Ati “Ayo mabuye y’agaciro ahamaze igihe kinini [muri Congo]. Nibaza n’impamvu atungukira Abanye-Congo. Ese mu by’ukuri bungukira muri aya mabuye y’agaciro? None ubu ufite umuntu ushinja ko yinjiye mu gihugu cyawe agatwara amabuye y’agaciro.”

“Wari uzi ko dufite amabuye y’agaciro hano? Coltan bavuga turayifite hano kandi ni nziza kurusha iboneka muri Congo. Igera kuri 40% yewe na 60% mu bwiza mu gihe iyo muri Congo iri kuri 20%.”

Iyi Coltan u Rwanda rufite, igiye kujya itunganyirizwa imbere mu gihugu ndetse ubu uruganda rwamaze kuzura, hatangiye imirimo y’igerageza ku buryo mu minsi mike ruzatahwa ku mugaragaro.

Uru ruganda rwuzuye rutwaye arenga miliyoni 20$ ruzaba rufite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya toni 120 za coltan mu kwezi.

U Rwanda rusanganywe kandi uruganda rutunganya zahabu rukayohereza mu mahanga imeze neza.

Inyungu u Rwanda rwakuye mu musaruro w'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu myaka itanu ishize