Hari ikindi gihugu gihereye muri Aziya yo hagati, kikagira n’agace gato mu Burayi bw’Iburasirazuba, na cyo iyo abana baho biga mu ishuri aho giherereye, ya nteruro na bo bayigarukaho bavuga ko igihugu cyabo ari “pays enclavé” cyangwa “land locked country. Icyo gihugu ni Kazakhstan.

Muri wa mujyo w’umuhanzi w’Indirimbo yubahiriza Igihugu, wagize ati “uhamye umubano n’amahanga yose…” intera y’ibilometero 6,596 ntiyabaye inzitizi ku kubaka ubufatanye hagati y’u Rwanda na Kazakhstan, ahubwo ibihugu byombi, bihuriye ku kuba byose bidakora ku nyanja, byubatse umubano mu nzego zitandukanye.

Mu rwego rwo kurushaho kwagura ubuhahirane hagati y’ibihugu byombi, ku wa 25 Nzeri 2024, byasinyanye amasezerano yo gukuraho Visa ku baturage b’ibihugu byombi. Ni ukuvuga ko ufite pasiporo y’u Rwanda ashobora kwinjira muri Kazakhstan nta visa yatswe, uwa Kazakhstan ugiye mu Rwanda na we bikaba uko.

Uretse kuba ari igihugu gikungahaye ku mutungo kamere urimo amabuye y’agaciro, ni n’igihugu gisurwa cyane na bamukerarugendo bajya kwihera ijisho ibyiza bigitatse.

Ibyo wamenya kuri Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan ni igihugu gifite byinshi bitangaje

Izina Kazakhstan rikomoka mu gi-Turkic aho risobanurwa “igihugu cy’abasuhuke”. Ururimi rukoreshwa cyane mu gihugu rwitwa “Kazakh”.

Kazakhstan ihana imbibi n’ibihugu birimo u Burusiya mu Majyaruguru no mu Burengerazuba, u Bushinwa mu Burasirazuba, Kyrgyzstan mu Majyepfo y’Iburasirazuba, Uzbekistan mu majyepfo, na Turkmenistan mu Majyepfo y’Iburengerazuba.

Iki gihugu kandi gifite inkombe ku nyanja ya Caspienne. Umurwa Mukuru wa Kazakhstan ni Astana, mu gihe Umujyi munini wa Almaty, ari wo ukorerwamo ubucuruzi n’umuco, ukaba waranahoze ari wo Murwa Mukuru kugeza mu 1997.

Kazakhstan ni igihugu cya cyenda kinini ku Isi kuko gifite ubuso bungana na 2,724,900 km2. Kuba gifite ubuso bunini bituma kigira ubucucike bw’abaturage buri hasi, aho habarirwa abantu batarenga batandatu kuri kilometero kare imwe.

Abaturage ba Kazakhstan babarirwa muri miliyoni 20 biganjemo abayisilamu n’umubare munini w’abakirisitu.

Kazakhstan ni igihugu gikomeye muri Aziya yo Hagati mu by’ubukungu n’ubushobozi bwa politiki, kikaba kinatanga umusaruro wa 60% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’Akarere, ahanini bitewe n’ubucuruzi bwa peteroli na gaz, kikanagira umutungo munini w’amabuye y’agaciro.

Iki gihugu gifite umwanya wa mbere mu bijyanye n’imibereho y’abaturage muri ako Karere (Human Development Index).

Ni igihugu gifite Guverinoma ishingiye ku Itegeko Nshinga n’ubwo ubuyobozi bwacyo bufatwa nk’ubw’igitugu.

Kuva mu 2019 ubwo Nursultan Nazarbayev wayoboye igihugu kuva cyabona ubwigenge yeguraga ku mwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu, habayeho intambwe ntoya mu nzira y’ivugurura rya politiki no kugerageza gushyira mu bikorwa Demokarasi.

Kuri ubu kiyobowe na Kassym-Jomart Kemeluly Tokayev kuva mu 2019.

Kassym-Jomart Kemeluly Tokayev ayoboye Kazakhstan guhera mu 2019

Abaturage bo muri iki gihugu bihagazeho kuko nibura umuturage yinjiza ibihumbi 14$ buri mwaka. Ifaranga rikoreshwa ryitwa ’tenge’ nibura 1000 cy’ayo mafaranga, angana na 2834 Frw.

Mu 1936 nibwo imbibi zacyo za none zashyizweho ubwo hashingwaga Repubulika ya Sosiyaliste y’Abasoviyeti ya Kazakhstan mu Muryango w’Abasoviyeti (Soviet Union).

Kazakhstan yabaye Repubulika ya nyuma y’Abasoviyeti kuko hatangajwe ubwigenge bwayo mu 1991 ubwo uwo muryango wasenyukaga.

Imijyi y’ingenzi wasura muri Kazakhstan

Umurwa Mukuru, Astana

Astan ni Umurwa Mukuru wa Kazakhstan guhera mu 1997

Mu mwaka wa 1997, Umurwa Mukuru wa Kazakhstan wimuriwe i Astana uvanywe i Almaty aho wahoze.

Astana iherereye mu majyaruguru y’iburasirazuba bw’igihugu, ukaba umujyi ukunda kuza mu y’imbere ku ntonde z’imijyi ibereye ubukerarugendo muri Aziya yo Hagati.

Uyu mujyi ufite inyubako zigezweho kandi zishimishije, ndetse wabaye igicumbi cy’ubucuruzi n’umuco. Bimwe mu bice by’ingenzi byawo birimo Khan Shatyr, Inzu y’Amahoro n’Ubumwe, Umunara wa Baiterek, Umusigiti wa Nur Astana, ndetse n’Inzu Ndangamurage y’Igihugu ya Kazakhstan.

Imyubakire itangaje yo mu Murwa Mukuru Astana

Umusigiti uri mu mujyi wa Astana rwagati na wo uri muri bimwe bitatse uyu mujyi

Zimwe mu nyubako ndende zitate Umujyi wa Astana

Asthana ifite inyubako zubatswe mu buryo butangaje

Ni Umujyi unogeye ijisho ku bayisura

Inyubako zitangaje zo mu Murwa Mukuru wa Kazakhstan

Ni uko Umujyi wa Astana ugaragara nijoro

Ikirere cya Astana mu ijoro ni uko kiba kigaragara

Ni umujyi wubatse mu buryo butangaje

Umujyi wa Almaty

Almaty yahoze ari Umurwa Mukuru wa Kazakhstan

Almaty ni umujyi uherereye mu majyepfo y’igihugu, ni wo wahoze ari Umurwa Mukuru w’iki gihugu kugeza mu 1997. Ufatwa nk’umwe mu mijyi yateye imbere kera, bigaragazwa n’imihanda migari, amaduka menshi n’ibigo binini by’ubucuruzi.

Almaty kandi ibumbatiye ahantu h’amateka n’ahantu nyaburanga hasurwa na ba mukerarugendo.

Bimwe mu bice by’ingenzi byo gusura muri uyu mujyi birimo Almaty Republic Square, Katederali ya Zenkov (Ascension), Pariki y’Intwari ya Panfilov, Ikiyaga kinini cya Almaty, Isoko rya Green Bazaar (Kok Bazaar), Umusozi wa Kok Tobe (Blue Hill Mountain) ndetse n’Inzu Ndangamurage y’Igihugu.

Almaty Republic Square ni ahantu hasurwa na benshi

Katederali ya Zenkov ni ahantu na ho nyaburanga muri Almaty

Pariki y’Intwari ya Panfilov

Almaty ni umujyi ukomeye muri Kazakhstan

Ikiyaga cya Almaty na cyo gisurwa na ba mukerarugendo

Umujyi w’Ubucuruzi wa Shymkent

Shymkent ni Umujyi Munini wa Gatatu muri Kazakhstan

Shymkent ni umujyi wa gatatu munini muri Kazakhstan, ni umwe mu mijyi ituwe n’abantu bo mu bihugu bitandukanye, ukaba ari umujyi ukomeye mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga ndetse no mu bukerarugendo.

Bimwe mu bice by’ingenzi byo gusura muri Shymkent birimo Parike ya Abay, Inzu Ndangamurage y’Akarere, Inzu Ndangamurage y’Ubwoko ya Kyluyet ndetse na Parike y’Ubwigenge.

Shymkent ni Umujyi utangaje cyane

Shymkent ni Umujyi w'ubucuruzi

Umujyi w’ubucukuzi wa Karaganda

Karaganda ni umujyi wihariye ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro

Karaganda ni umujyi wa kane utuwe cyane muri Kazakhstan ukaba ukomeye cyane mu bucukuzi, ukaba n’ahantu nyaburanga, urangwa n’ubuhanzi n’umuco.

Bimwe mu bice by’ingenzi byo gusura muri Karaganda birimo Inyubako y’Ubwigenge, Umusigiti Mukuru w’Akarere, Inyubako y’ishusho ya Lenin, Katedrali ya Vvedenskiy, na Katedrali ya St. Joseph.

Ibyo kurya bikunzwe

Iki gihugu gishimishije gifite umuco wihariye mu guteka, aho bakunda kurya cyane inyama z’intama n’inyama z’ifarashi, ibikomoka ku mata n’ibitetse mu ifarini. Ibinyobwa gakondo nk’amata y’ifarashi na byo biri mu bikunzwe. Muri ibyo harimo ibyitwa “Besbarmak” (Inyama zitekanye n’ibirayi), Kazy (Sosiso z’ifarashi), Syrne (Inyama z’intama zatetswe mu cyungo), kurt balls (fromage zikozwe mu buryo bwihariye) n’ibindi.

Besbarmak ni inyama zitekanye n’ibirayi

Sosiso z’ifarashi zizwi nka Kazy na zo zirakunzwe

Inyama z’intama zatetswe mu cyungo zizwi nka "Syrne" zikunzwe na benshi

Izi fromage zikozwe mu buryo bwihariye

Uretse ibyo hari n’ibindi byinshi abasura iki gihugu bashobora kubona, kuyavuga rero si ko kuyamara, aka wa wundi ngo “mpariye abasoma” nanjye “mpariye abazahasura”, abazajyayo bazagaruka batubarira ibindi.

Kazakystan yihariye kuri byinshi