Kubona ingufu zihendutse ndetse zitangiza ikirere bikomeje kugorana cyane cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere, bijyanye n’uko Isi iri mu bihe byo kwimakaza imishinga izana ibisubizo byo kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Nko mu 2021 habarurwaga abaturage bangana na miliyoni 675, bihariye 9% by’abatuye Isi yose, batagerwaho n’amashanyarazi ndetse icyo gihe byagaragaye ko abagera kuri 71% ari bo bateka mu buryo butangiza ikirere.

Mu 2030 biteganywa ko nta gikozwe abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 660 bashobora kuzaba batagerwaho n’amashanyarazi, ibituma no kubona ibikoresho bifasha mu buryo bwo guteka butangiza ikirere bizakomeza kugorana. Icyo gihe biteganyijwe ko nta gikozwe, abaturage bagera kuri miliyari imwe na miliyoni 900 bazaba badafite uburyo bwo guteka bunoze, ni ukuvuga budakoresha ingufu zitangiza ibidukikije.

Ibibazo byo kutabona ingufu zihagije byiganje mu bihugu byo Munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara ndetse no mu byaro by’ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere. Ibi bigaragaza uburyo hakenewe gushyirwamo imbaraga kugira ngo amashanyarazi agezwe kuri bose ntawe usigaye.

Mu guhangana n’ibyo bibazo, hakenewe ingamba zihuse zigamije kugeza ingufu ku baturage. Kuri ubu ingamba nyinshi zigamije kugeza amashanyarazi ku baturage ziri gushingira ku kubaka imiyoboro migari, gusa ni ibikorwa bitwara igihe kirekire ndetse binahenze.

Kwimakaza ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y’Izuba bikajyana no gutanga za batiri zibika umuriro, bigaragara nk’ibishobora guhangana n’ikibazo cy’abadafite amashanyarazi cyane ko n’igiciro cyabyo kitari ejuru ugereranyije n’ubwo buryo bundi buri gushyirwa mu bikorwa hifashishijwe imiyoboro migari.

Mu bice bitagerwaho n’iyo miyoboro migari, imiyoboro mito y’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba ishobora gutanga ibisubizo, ibisaba ko inzego zitandukanye zaba iza Leta n’iz’abikorera zigomba gushoramo imari ihagije.

Kwifashisha ingufu zisubira ni igisubizo mu kwegereza amashanyarazi abaturage batuye mu bice bidatuwe cyane ndetse n’ibitagerwamo n’iyo miyoboro migari. Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere haracyari ingorane.

Imiyoboro mito y’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, igira uruhare mu kwegereza abaturage batuye mu byaro umuriro, ariko kugira ngo iryo terambere rigerweho ku buryo burambye bisaba ko hategurwa imishinga itewe inkunga n’inzego z’abikorera.

Ihuriro ry’Ibihugu biharanira kubyaza umusaruro Ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’Izuba (International Solar Alliance: ISA) rigaragaza ko hakenewe byibuze miliyari 192 z’Amadolari ya Amerika kugira ngo amashanyarazi agere kuri bose, aho imiyoboro mito y’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’Izuba izabigiramo uruhare rukomeye.

Inzego z’abikorera zagaragaje uruhare rwazo mu guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ubukene buterwa no kutabona amashanyarazi ahagije, binyuze mu kongera imiyoboro mito.

Ni ibikorwa byakozwe mu migabane nka Aziya, Afurika, Amerika y’Amajyepfo n’ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere. Ibihugu byafashije mu ishyirwaho ry’iyo miyoboro mito kuri ubu ikaba iri kubyazwa umusaruro, ni urugero rwiza rw’uko hakenewe ubufatanye mu kugeza iyo miyoboro mu bice biyikeneye ndetse n’uburyo bwo gushyira imbere indi mishinga yunganira isanzwe.

ISA na Banki y’Isi byakunze kugaragaza uburyo kwifashisha imiyoboro mito y’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba byoroshye ndetse bifasha cyane mu kugeza mashanyarazi ku baturage batuye mu bice bitagerwamo n’imiyoboro migari.

Iyi miyoboro mito kandi ntabwo ifasha mu gutanga ingufu zitangiza gusa, ahubwo inafasha mu gutanga serivisi zitandukanye zaba izifashisha telefoni, gutunganya umusaruro w’ubuhinzi, ubwikorezi n’ibindi bigamije kwimakaza iterambere ry’ibyaro.

Izi ngufu kandi ziri mu bisubizo bya mbere bifasha mu guhangana n’iyangirika ry’ikirere, cyane cyane mu bice bihanganye n’ingaruka zaryo birimo ibya Afurika na Aziya.

Iyi miyoboro kandi yuzuzanya n’imiyoboro migari mu kugeza umuriro ku baturage binyuze mu bikorwaremezo bisanzwe bihari, bimwe byifashishwa n’imiyoboro migari.

Nk’urugero, Cambodia ni kimwe mu bihugu bigaragaza uburyo iyo miyoboro mito yahujwe n’imiyoboro migari, aho za miliyoni z’abakenera uwo muriro ziri kubyungukiramo.

Kuba ibiciro by’izo ngufu byigonderwa ndetse zikaba zitangiza ibidukikije, bigaragaza ko izikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba zikenewe muri uru rugendo rwo kugeza ingufu kuri benshi bitarenze 2030.

U Buhinde ni kimwe mu gihugu byageze kuri iyi ntego, aho imishinga yabwo ishingiye ku kwimakaza izi ngufu igaragaza ubushobozi buturuka mu bufatanye hagati ya za leta ndetse n’abikorera, hatezwa imbere udushya dutandukanye dufasha no kugabanya imyuka yoherezwa mu kirere.

Imiyoboro mito itunganyijwe neza ihujwe na batiri zibika umuriro, birema uburyo bwiza bwo kugeza amashanyarazi kuri bose ndetse bikaba bidahenze, ibitanga inyungu ugereranyije n’ubundi buryo bwo kugeza umuriro ku bantu.

Nubwo iyi miyoboro ishyirwaho n’abikorera itanga ibisubizo birambye, ikeneye inkunga yisumbuye kugira ngo ihangane n’ibibazo biri muri uru rwego mu maguru mashya.

Isesengura ISA yakoze, rigaragaza ko iyo miyoboro mito itanga amashanyarazi y’imirasire y’izuba ishobora gufasha 59% by’abaturage badafite amashanyarazi, ni ukuvuga abagera kuri miliyoni 396 bijyanye n’aho batuye.

Ni mu gihe abaturage 30% by’abataragerwaho n’amashanyarazi bangana na miliyoni 203 bashobora gufatira ku miyoboro migari, n’aho abagera kuri 11% bangana na miliyoni 77 bakabona umuriro hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya DRE (amashanyarazi akorerwa hafi y’aho ari bukoresherezwe).

Kugira ngo Isi igere kuri iyi ntego yo kugeza amashanyarazi kuri bose, bizayisaba ishoramari rya miliyari 192$, aho gukwirakwiza imiyoboro mito y’amashanyarazi aturuka ku mirasire y’izuba bizasaba miliyari 97$ iyo mirasire ikazafasha kugeza ku baturage umuriro ungana na megawati 25.738.

Ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba ariko zakozwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya DRE zizakenerwa muri uru rugendo zizatwara miliyari 18$, aho zitanga amashanyarazi angana na kilowati 1224 n’aho ingufu zikomoka ku mashanyarazi aturuka ku miyoboro migari zitware miliyari 78$, amafaranga azashyirwa mu kubaka ibikorwaremezo by’iyo miyoboro.

Kugeza ubu abaturage benshi batagerwaho n’amashanyarazi batuye mu bice bitaragezwamo ibikorwa by’amajyambere. Ibi bituma ikiguzi cy’ibyo bikoresho bishobora kwifashishwa mu kubagezaho amashanyarazi kizamuka hanyuma kucyigondera bigakomeza kuba ingorabahizi.

Bituma kandi abiyemeza gutangiza imishinga yo guhangana n’icyo kibazo bakoresha amafaranga menshi, bigakomeza gushyiramo icyuho kuko ba baturage baba bafite amikoro make kandi wa muriro uba uhenze bijyanye n’imiturire yabo igoranye.

Ingamba zafatwa mu guhangana n’icyo kibazo zirimo gutanga inguzanyo zoroshye kwishyura ndetse zifite inyungu nto, ibishobora gukurura abikorera bagashora imari mu mishinga igamije gufasha kugeza amashanyarazi kuri bose mu buryo burambye.

Inkunga ya miliyari 48.5$ ingana na 50% by’igiciro cy’imishinga mu kuziba icyuho cy’ingengo y’imari, ni yo izakenerwa mu gukwirakwiza iyo miyoboro mito.

Kongera ishoramari, guteza imbere imishinga yo muri uru rwego, uruhare rutaziguye rw’inzego zitandukanye, gukoresha neza umutungo ndetse no kuboneka kw’imirasire y’izuba ikozwe ku buryo ihita itanga umuriro inafasha mu bikorwa byo guteka biri mu byitezweho kwihutisha intego ya 2030.

Mu kugera kuri iyo ntego kandi bizasaba amahugurwa no kubakira abari muri uru rwego ubushobozi.

Abafatanyabikorwa b’ingenzi mu bijyanye no kuziba icyuho mu bihugu bitaragerwamo n’amashanyarazi ku rwego ruhagije bakeneye inzobere mu bya tekiniki ndetse no mu bijyanye no gukoresha imari neza kugira ngo imishinga yo gusakaza amashanyarazi ikorwe neza mu buryo burambye.

Ibyo bizajyana no gushyira imbaraga mu guteza imbere ibikorwa byungura ubumenyi, kwimakaza uburyo bugezweho mu gusakaza amashanyarazi ndetse no gutegura porogaramu zitandukanye zifasha ba rwiyemezamirimo bari muri uru rwego mu kuziba icyo cyuho.

ISA na yo ikomeje kugaragaza uruhare rwayo binyuze mu kwerekana imirongo migari ishobora kwifashishwa mu gukwirakwiza ingufu z’imirasire y’Izuba mu bice bitandukanye by’Isi.

Ibyo bikorwa bya ISA bigamije gushyira mu bikorwa intego ya karindwi mu ntego za Loni z’iterambere rirambye, intego ivuga ko mu 2030 abaturage bose bazaba bagejejweho amashanyarazi, aho yo yibanda ku nyungu ziri mu kwimakaza ingufu z’imirasire y’izuba.

Binyuze mu gushyira ingufu mu bufatanye bufite intego, dushobora kugaragaza ubushobozi n’inyungu ziri mu gushyira imbere ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba hagamijwe kugeza amashanyarazi kuri bose.

Dr Ajay Mathur yagaragaje uruhare rw'izo ngufu mu kwihutisha intego ya Loni yo mu 2030