Iyo benebwo badacitse intege birangira bubyaye ibintu bikomeye bihindura isi mu buryo butandukanye.

Mu ngeri y’ikoranabuhanga na ho habayeho ubuvumbuzi bwinshi byazanye impinduka mu buryo ibintu bikorwamo mu isi ya none mu bijyanye n’itumanaho.

Imashini icapa impapuro

Mu 1450 ni bwo umudage Johannes Gutemberg yavumbuye imashini icapa impapuro izwi nka “printer” gusa igitabo cya mbere cyacapwe n’iyo mashini cyasohotse mu 1455.

Byabaye agatangaza kuko nta watekerezaga ko habaho ikoranabuhanga nk’iryo nubwo ubuhanga bwo kwandika bwo bwari bumaze imyaka myinshi bubayeho.

Ivumburwa ry’imashini icapa impapuro ryateje imbere ubwanditsi mu buryo butari bwarigeze bubaho.

Telefone

Uyu munsi muri miliyari zirindwi z’abatuye isi, hafi miliyari eshanu bakoresha telefone hatitawe ku bwoko bwazo. Mu 1876 nibwo Umunya-Ecosse, Alexander Graham Bell waje guhabwa ubwenegihugu bwa Amerika yavumbuye telefone afatanyije n’inshuti ye Thomas Watson.

Aba bombi bari bamaze imyaka igera kuri itanu banoza igitekerezo cyo kuba baganira hakoreshejwe igikoresho runaka maze amajwi akanyura mu migozi ava kuri umwe ajya ku wundi.

Uyu Alexander Graham Bell yanagize uruhare mu ishingwa rya sosiyete y’itumanaho ikomeye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika izwi nka “AT&T Company”.

Radio

Ni nde wakwirengagiza akamaro ka radio mu buzima bwa buri munsi? Mu 1895 nibwo Umutaliyani wari utuye mu Bwongereza witwaga Guglielmo Marconi yavumbuye radio yashoboraga gutanga amajwi ndetse ni na we wavumbuye uburyo bwo kohereza ubutumwa nziramugozi ibizwi nka “Wireless”.

Mu buvumbuzi bwa Marconi ariko yagiye yifashisha ubundi bushakashatsi bwa Heinrich Hertz w’Umudage wari umuhanga mu bijyaye n’ibyo twakwita amajwi n’uko ashobora guhererekanywa.

Televiziyo

Nyuma y’ivumburwa rya radio byasabye imyaka igera kuri 30 ngo televiziyo ivumburwe. Byakozwe na John Logie Baird, Philo Farmsworth na Charles Francis Jenjins aho buri wese muri abo batatu yashyizeho ake ngo inzozi zo kugira igikoresho nka televiziyo kiboneke mu 1926.

Mudasobwa

Mu 1939 ni bwo Umunyamerika wari intiti mu bijyanye n’Ubugenge, John Vincent Atanasoff, yavumbuye mudasobwa ya mbere ya “electronic” izwi nka “Digital Computer”. Guhera ubwo akazi gatandukanye karoroshye gusa iyo mudasobwa yari nini bitangaje, ihenze ku buryo nta wabasha kuyigondera byoroshye.

Ikindi ni uko itanakora byinshi nk’ibyo ikora ubu. Nyuma abahanga batandukanye bagiye bakora amavugurura kuri iyo mudasobwa kugeza igeze ku rwego igezeho ubu nk’igikoresho cyifashishwa na benshi hafi buri munsi muri iyi si.

Nubwo bimeze bityo, ubushakashatsi burakomeje na bugingo n’ubu kuri mudasobwa bavugururaho byinshi ndetse hari n’ibyifuzo byo kuzashyira mudasobwa mu mutwe w’umuntu akajya ayikoresha yifashishije ubwonko bwe ni ukuvuga ibitekerezo.

Igikoresho gifata amafoto n’amashusho (Camera)

Umudage Johann Zahn ni we wa mbere wagize igitekerezo cy’igikoresho gifata amafoto mu 1685 ndetse anatanga imbata y’uko icyo gikoresho cyaba kimeze naho abahanga batandukanye bagenda bakora amavugurura bashingiye ku bitekerezo bye.

Uyu munsi amafoto n’amashusho yifashishwa mu bintu bitandukanye kandi by’ingirakamaro umuntu atarondora.

Nta wakwirengagiza uruhare rw’amafoto n’amashusho muri iyi minsi y’icyorezo cya COVID-19 aho abantu baguma mu rugo byose bakabikora hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga.

‘Digital Music’

Umwongereza Kane Kramer mu 1979 ni we wavumbuye uyu muziki twese tubika ndetse dukina twifashishije ibikoresho bitandukanye by’ikoranabuhanga nka telefone, imashini n’ibindi uzwi nka ‘Digital music.’

Internet

Mu myaka ya 1960, nibwo abashakashatsi Robert Khan na Vinton Cerf bavumbuye uburyo bwo kohererezanya amakuru hagati ya za mudasobwa nyinshi nyuma babihuza n’ubundi buryo bwari bwaravumbuwe bwo gutumanaho hagati ya mudasobwa ebyiri bibyara icyakwitwa internet ya mbere mu 1983.

Kuri ubu internet yabaye isoko y’amakuru muri iki kinyejana ndetse ni isoko y’ubutunzi bukomeye hashingiwe ku kuba abatunze akayabo ku isi, iri mu byabakijije.

Ikoranabuhanga rya ‘GPS’

GPS (Global Positioning System) ni ikoranabuhanga ryavumbuwe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1978 aho ryifashisha ibyogajuru biri mu isanzure bigafasha gutanga amakuru atandukanye akoreshwa mu gutanga amerekezo, kumenyesha igihe ndetse n’ibindi byinshi.

Iri koranabunga rya GPS kandi ni ryo ryifashishwa n’imodoka zitagira abashoferi aho bazibwira aho zijya nyuma zikitwara zikurikije amerekezo zihabwa n’ibyogajuru hifashishijwe iyi GPS.

Kuganira hifashishijwe amashusho bizwi nka ’Video Conferencing’

Iri koranabuhanga rya “Video conferencing” ni kumwe abantu bakora nk’inama buri umwe ari iwe ariko bakifashisha uburyo bw’amashusho akabahuriza hamwe mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga imbonankubone.

Ryavumbuwe mu 1920 na sosiyete y’itumanaho yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika AT&T ku bufatanye na John Logie Baird wanagize uruhare mu ivumburwa rya televiziyo.

Iri koranabuhanga rwaje kwifashishwa cyane muri iyi minsi nk’uburyo bwo kwirinda guhuriza hamwe abantu benshi mu kwirinda ikwirakwira rya COVID-19

Ubuvumbuzi butandukanye bwatumye ibikorwa by'itumanaho byorohera abatuye isi