Mu ntangiriro za Nzeri 2022, Google yatashye umuyoboro wa internet uhuza u Burayi na Afurika, uva muri Portugal ukagera muri Afurika y’Epfo uciye nyanja ya Atlantique.

Uyu muyoboro witezweho kongera ubushobozi bw’ihererekanya ry’amakuru nibura inshuro 20 kurusha uko byahoze. Uyu kandi waje usanga undi ureshya na kilometero 37,000 wubatswe na Facebook muri 2020, ugahuza bimwe mu bihugu bya Afurika, u Burayi ndetse n’Aziya yo mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati.

Mu kinyejana cya 15, ivumburwa ry’uburyo bwo gucapa inyandiko ryatumye zitangira kuba nyinshi ndetse kuva ubwo zitangira gukwirakwira cyane. Muri ibyo bihe, bamwe bagize ubwoba ko ubwinshi bw’amakuru atandukanye bazikeshaga buzatuma ubwonko bwa bamwe bwuzura bikabagira ho ingaruka mbi! Bijyanye n’igihe cyabo, ntiwabarenganya.

Ubu ariko, iterambere ry’ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi ryatumye tumenya byinshi ku mikorere y’ubwonko bwacu. Tuzi ko bisa nk’ibidashoboka ko bwakuzura keretse umuntu abashije kujya abubikamo amakuru angana na “Gigabytes” 34 buri munsi kandi akabaho imyaka isaga 201.

Uvuze ikoreshwa rya internet iwacu, ntiwasiga ko tuyikesha imbuga nka YouTube, Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Messenger, TikTok, Snapchat n’izindi. Ibyo tuzikesha ni byinshi. Reka twivugire ku bibi bizana n’ibyiza byazo, rimwe na rimwe tukisanga byaduteye guhinduka mu myitwarire, imimerere, imyumvire wenda n’imitekerereze ku buryo butaziguye.

Muri za 2014, ni bwo gusangiza abandi amafoto, amashusho cyangwa kwandika ibyo utekereza byatangiye gukorwa cyane ku rubuga nka Facebook. Mu gihe gito, uburyo bwo gusangiza amashusho bwagezweho. Byatangiye bisa n’aho abantu bibanda ku gusangiza abandi ubumenyi bwihariye bafite ku ngingo runaka; ariko ibi byaje gusigwa cyane n’ikimeze nko kwigaragaza ubwiza, aho umuntu yasohokeye, ibyo yambaye bigezweho, ibyo yisiga, aho aba, ikimero, imigendere n’ibindi.

Bisa n’aho bigoye ko umuntu ubwe yagaragariza isi uruhande rwe yumva ko ari rubi muri ibi byose tuvuze. Rero, bisaba kwitonda akagaragaza ibyo yumva ko ari ibyiza gusa. Si ko bigenda? Aha rero hazamo akantu ko kudatuza, kubera kwirirwa abona benshi ku mbuga yumva yamera nka bo, kuko wenda abona bamurusha gusa neza, kuba heza n’ibindi.

Bisa n’aho bigoye kubibona ako kanya; ariko amashusho, amafoto n’inkuru tubona kenshi kuri izo mbuga aba abumbatiye imico itandukanye y’aho ba nyirayo bakuriye cyangwa baba. Iyo mico yose igahurira ku mbuga, bityo bikaba “nk’imbuga mpuzamico”, aho umuntu ukurikiwe na benshi; tumwe mu tuntu two mu muco we bisanga batwadukanye.

Ntibyagutangaza ubonye nk’umwari w’i Remera yaraguze ikanzu nziza kandi imwegereye cyane ndetse inabonerana hose kuko abona “Kyle Jenner” abikora kandi akaba amwemera. Undi w’ahandi akamenya ko bishoboka kubaho nka ba “Kardashians” akanabigerageza. Tuzi abasore bisanze bafite zimwe mu mvugo z’abaraperi bo muri Amerika. Tuzi abadukanye kugenda basa n’abisimbiza hejuru, ndetse n’abisanze bize kunywa itabi ryinshi kandi rikaze nka Wiz Khalifa!

Izi mbuga kimwe n’amashakiro nka Google zigira amategeko (policies) ngenderwaho agenga ibishyirwaho, ariko ahanini akoze mu mujyo w’imico y’aho zakorewe. Nk’urugero, ifoto y’umukobwa wambaye ikariso n’akarega gusa, ibarwa ko nta kibazo iteye kuko ahenshi muri ayo mahanga bifatwa nk’aho uwo muntu yambaye. Mu muco wacu n’ahandi henshi muri Afurika; uwo muntu afatwa nk’uwambaye bidakwiye. Ndetse n’abashinzwe kubahiriza amategeko hari ubwo bamusaba kujya kubasobanurira icyabimuteye.

Reka rero twibaze ku bana babyirutse izi mbuga zarasakaye, bagakura babona kenshi amwe mu mashusho abereka imico y’ahandi. Bigera aho bakumva ntacyo bitwaye kugira bimwe bigana. Tuzi kandi ukuntu urubyiruko rufata vuba ibyo rubona rukeka ko bigezweho. Rwiga ku muvuduko mwinshi kandi no kubyigana bikaba ishema iyo bari kumwe n’abandi batarabibasha.

Si bibi, iyo bitageze aho bitambamira umuco bwite w’iwabo. Ibi ariko bisaba ko habaho imirongo bwite ihamye ifasha umuntu kuba yamenya ko arimo kwegera ibyabangamira umuco we. Yewe no mu bihugu bwite byakorewemo izo mbuga, bisanga hari ibyo bagomba gukumira no kubuza kuri buri kigero runaka cy’imyaka abantu barimo.

Abareba za filimi,muribuka ko hari izisohoka zanditseho wenda ko zitagenewe kurebwa n’umwana wo munsi y’imyaka 12,15,18..?. Mu bihugu bimwe, ibi birakurikizwa ahandi ntibyitabweho. Ariko ni uruhare rw’abarera umwana ndetse n’umwana bwite iyo amaze gukura, rwo gukurikiza bene ayo mabwiriza.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga zifashishwa na benshi mu kugaragaza ibyo babamo, imico, n'ibindi ku buryo bishobora gutuma abandi baba imbata zabyo

Ibihugu rero bimwe byagiye bishyiraho ingamba ndetse n’amabwiriza (policies) agenga ikoreshwa ry’imbuga nkoranyambaga na internet muri rusange, hagamijwe kureba ko zitazarengera zigatoba umuco wabyo none ndetse no mu gihe kiri imbere. Bene ayo mabwiriza iyo amaze guhama, anasangizwa bene izo mbuga ku buryo hari ibyo zimenya ko umuco w’ahantu runaka utemera ko biwugaragaramo.

Ibihugu nk’u Buhinde, Koreya y’Epfo, Vietnam, Brésil... bigira amategeko agenga ibigaragara kuri internet y’izo mbuga ku buryo ibinyuranyije na yo, bituma izo mbuga zisabwa kubivanaho. Tujya twumva ngo Meta, Google, Twitter zatsinzwe mu nkiko n’ibihugu runaka kubera zarenze ku byo bumvikanye zikica amwe mu mategeko akurikizwa muri ibyo bihugu. Ni urugendo rukiri rurerure, ku bihugu byinshi ariko rushoboka!

Dore nk’ubu mu minsi ishize, mu Bwongereza umugore w’imyaka 35 witwa Kelly Cousins, yarezwe kuba yarakoze ibica amarenga y‘igikorwa cy‘imibonano mpuzabitsina ku mugaragaro (performance of a sexual act), akabitambutsa ku rubuga nkoranyambaga imbonankubone. Mu rubanza yiregura, itsinda ry’abamwunganira mu mategeko ryagaragaje ko nta tegeko rihari yishe, bityo ntiyakomeza gukurikiranwa. Ariko hahise hasabwa ko rijyaho ngo rikumire ko bene ibyo bintu byakomeza gukorwa!

Biraryoha gusangiza abandi amafoto n’amashusho yawe wumva ukunze kandi wumva ko yakomeza kuguhesha ikuzo muri bo cyangwa kwandika inyandiko “posts” zijyanye n’uko wumva ibintu runaka iyo wumva wisobanukiwe koko! Birabiha ariko iyo wisanze ibyo wasangije abandi wumva wakwisubiraho ukabihindura ariko byamaze kugaragara.

Uribuka urya mugore wo mu Bwongereza twavuze haruguru? Abenshi ndetse na we bwite bagarutse ku kintu cyo kuba abana be byashoboka ko batazashimishwa no kubona ya mashusho ye igihe bazaba bakuze bashobora kujya kuri internet.

Bisa nk’ibyasetsa ukuntu buri wese akura yemera ko abamurera ari ibitangaza, ndetse ari abanyabisubizo ku byo yibaza. Ibaze noneho umwana umaze guca akenge yabona ibyo umurera yashyiraga kuri internet cyera, agatangira gukemanga ireme ry’uko yarezwe n’uko yabwiwe kujya yitwara, kuko ahuza n’uko yabonye binyuranye n’uko umubyeyi yitwaraga cyera abikesheje internet!

Uwashaka yajya abanza gutekereza kabiri ku byo ashyira kuri internet mbere yo kubishyira ahabonwa na buri wese ubishatse, haba ubu n’ahazaza. Mu rwego rwisumbuyeho gato; tukabanza kwibaza niba ntacyo bitwaye ku muco w’aho turi, mu muryango tubarizwamo.

Ikindi cyaba ugutekereza ku makuru yawe bwite akwerekeyeho waba utifuza ko ajya ahagaragara! Birumvikana ko atari byiza na gato ko umwirondoro bwite w’aho utuye, aderesi ya imeli yawe ndetse na nimero ya telefoni byajya aho buri wese abona!

Reka noneho tuvuge ku kuri gushaririye: Izi mbuga zikoze ku buryo zidushishikaririza kuzimara ho umwanya munini, cyangwa se nibura kutamara igihe tutamamyeho akajisho. Zikomeza kuduha byinshi biryoshye rwose ku buryo bamwe bibabera ikigeragezo kwifata ntibazirebeho no mu gihe bidakwiye. Ibaze nka kumwe umuntu agusura umukunze hanyuma agashaka gutaha vuba ukifuza ko ahaguma, ukora iyo bwabaga ngo ntagende, cyangwa nibura ngo agaruke bidatinze!

Ibaze noneho iyo bene izi mbuga zikura inyungu yazo mu gutuma tuzimaraho umwanya munini ariko zititaye ku buzima bwacu uko bwamera mu gihe zitubereye umutego utuma tugorwa no kugira imyitwarire yuzuzanya hagati y’ubuzima bwacu bwite ndetse na byinshi tubona kuri internet!

Ku byisumbuye ku myitwarire y’umuntu bwite, hazaho abafite ubushobozi bwo gukingira umuryango wacu ingabo ituma umuco wacu udahungabanywa n’iy’ahandi myinshi cyane twirirwa ducengezwamo kuri internet mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi.

Buriya nk’uko dufite urwego rushinzwe umuco n’uko tuwukuriramo, hakongerewemo n’inshingano zihariye zireba ibijyanye n’umuco wo kuri internet (digital culture). Ibi bikaba bisobanutse neza, binumvikanira buri wese. Byatubera inkingi twegamira igihe cyose dukoresha izo mbuga.

Hari ibihugu byo byanashyizeho za minisiteri zihariye zishinzwe ubuzima bwo kuri internet bigamije kudatakaza imirongo migari y’umuco wabyo, ngo byinjirirwe n’ibyadutse byose, ariko binarinda abenegihugu kudahura n’ingaruka ziterwa no gucengerwa cyane na byinshi bivuye ahandi henshi (acculturation) kandi byose bikururira umuntu kubireba ndetse no kubyigana! Koko rero, si buri wese ubasha kugira ubushishozi bwo kuhikura yemye.

Umugabo witwa Albert Bandura mu bushakashatsi bwe muri 1977 yagaragaje ko abantu bigira ku bandi binyuze mu kubona ibyo bakora, uko bitwara, uko bigaragaza ndetse n’imigirire yabo. Mu buryo bugoye gusobanura, ushobora kwisanga witwara nk’undi muntu, mu myitwarire, imigirire, imisekere, imigendere, imyambarire... Ingero ni nyinshi kandi na we usoma ibi nonaha hari izo uzi.

Ni ingenzi cyane kumva ko imyitwarire muri rusange irimo guhinduka cyane, kandi si bibi. Ariko umuntu iyo atabashije kumva umujyo wabyo, ndetse no kugira ibipimo bimwereka ko idahinduka itera umugongo ibyo yakuriyemo, akoreramo, abamo; kaba kabaye mba ndoga Rukundo!

Reka tunavuge ku icengezamyumvire riza bucece rihishe mu mutaka w’ibyo tubona by’ahandi, biba bibumbatiye imico yabo ariko bifuza ko dutora, tukisanga hari ibinyuranya n’imyumvire yacu turimo gufata nk’ibisanzwe uko igihe gihita. Mubona uko ibyo tubona kuri internet bitandukanye, biba birimo ubutumwa buhishe cyangwa bugaragara bugamije gukomeza kwerekana ko ibintu nk’ubutinganyi, kwihinduza igitsina, kongeresha cyangwa kugabanyisha ibice by’umubiri, kunywa bimwe mu bintu byangiza ubuzima bizwiho gutanga ibyishimo by’igihe gito ariko mu buryo busa n‘ubwegereye ubusazi.... ko ari ibisanzwe, ko nta kibazo, ko ndetse wabigerageza ukareba?

Abafaransa bagira imvugo igira iti “l’habitude crée la tolerance”. Tugenekereje ni nko kuvuga ngo "Ubona ibintu kenshi ukabimenyera, ukagera aho ubona nta cyo bitwaye". Ibi abifashisha internet bamamaza bene iyo mico barabizi cyane, kandi bazi ko ibafasha gutuma umuntu amenyera imwe mu myitwarire n’imyemerere yabo ubundi atapfa kwemera baramutse baje bakayimwigisha. Dukeneye ubushishozi bwinshi mu byo dukorera kuri internet, ndetse n’ibyo twigiraho. Koko rero, imeze nk’ishyamba rigari cyane, ririmo ibyiza byinshi n’ibibi utarondora.

Nk’abareberera ibyiza bikwiye umuryango wacu rero, bazaduhangira ingamba zihamye kandi zumvikana zo gutuma twisanzura kuri internet ndetse no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga tudatannye ngo tube twahakura ibivangira umuco cyangwa ngo natwe tubishyireho. Ikindi cyakorwa ni ugukaza umutekano w’amakuru aba yerekeye ku muntu bwite.

Hari ukuntu ujya mu ishakiro nka rya Google wakwandikamo amazina y’umuntu ukabona nk’urutonde rw’amazina y’abantu basabye akazi mu kigo runaka. Amazina ni ngombwa ndetse n’indi myirondoro rusange, ariko uwareka kugaragaza nka address, email na nimero za telefoni kuri bene izo ntonde zijya kuri internet byaba byiza kurusha ho. Byanagabanya ba batekamutwe bajya baduhamagara ngo twatsindiye amamiliyoni, tutazi aho bakuye nimero za telefoni zacu!