Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko hari na demokarasi y’ubwumvikane ari nayo u Rwanda rwatoranyije gukoresha kuko ishingiye ku kumvikana mukareba aho muhuriza no gusaranganya ubutegetsi.

Icyatumye u Rwanda ruyitekereza ni uko rwari ruvuye mu gihe cy’amacakubiri, igice kimwe cy’Abanyarwanda barakoze Jenoside kandi nyamara bagomba kubaka ubumwe.

Rwari urugendo rutoroshye ariko rusaba ubushishozi kuko utari kuzana demokarasi yo guhangana yari butere ibibazo nyamara iy’ubwumvikane ituma abantu baganira bagashaka igisubizo hamwe.

Ntibyapfuye kuza gusa kuko yabanje gutoranywa mu nama zagiye zibera mu Urugwiro, aho hahamagawe abantu benshi barimo abanyepolitiki, abakuriye amashyaka, abaminisitiri, abadepite abakuriye inzego, ababurugumesitiri n’abarimu n’abandi bafite ubuhanga mu bibazo by’u Rwanda.

Bitewe no kuba Leta yarashakaga kubaka ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda kandi ivuye muri ibyo bibazo ni cyo cyatumye itoranya demokarasi y’ubwumvikane aho gutoranya iyo guhangana.

Iyi demokarasi usanga ari yo ibereye umuco w’Abanyarwanda kuko yinjira muri kamere y’Abanyarwanda no mu mateka yabo, aho wasangaga iteka baricaraga bakaganira ku bibazo no kubicocera hamwe bigashakirwa igisubizo gihuriweho.

Ihame rya demokarasi yo kumvikana rero, ni ukugira ngo ibibazo byose bireba u Rwanda, bikemurwe mu bwumvikane kandi igaragarira muri byinshi byakozwe mu Itegeko Nshinga ry’u Rwanda.

U Rwanda hari uko rwubatse ku buryo guhera ku isibo hasi, iyo haje ikibazo babyumvikanaho byagera ku mudugudu bikaganirwa mu nteko y’abaturage ku mugoroba w’umuryango, Njyanama z’utugari, iz’umurenge n’iz’uturere.

Abadepite nabo burya baricara bakareba amashyaka yose ahagarariwe bakabiganiriraho kimwe no mu nama y’Abaminsitiri mu gushakirwa igisubizo.

Ibi byageze no mu nteko aho hari amatora yo gusaranganya ubutegetsi aho bantu bakora urutonde bakagenda batorwa ngo babisaranganye waba wabonye 60% y’igihugu cyose, abadepite bakangana batyo, ubonye atanu na bwo bikaba uko ariko mwese mukisanga mu nteko.

Urugero rwiza ni FPR, hari ubwo itorwa 60% ariko mu kwirinda ko yiharira byose usanga ishyaka ryatsinze atari ryo ritanga umukandida wo kuyobora inteko ahubwo ikayoborwa n’uwo mu rindi shyaka ngo afashe n’abo mu mashyaka mato kumva ko batanga ibitekerezo ntangingimira.

Ubusanzwe Perezida w’Umutwe w’Abadepite areba ko abantu bose babonye ijambo ngo ikibazo gikemuke, akabasaba kukigira muri za komite na za komisiyo ngo abafite igitekerezo na bo bakizane kiganirweho.

Ahandi gusangira ubutegetsi bigaragara ni aho ishyaka ryatsinze rifite amajwi menshi ridashobora kugira Abaminisitiri barenze 50% muri guverinoma, indi myanya nayo ikagabanywa andi mashyaka n’abandi batekinisiye Perezida aba yifuza ko bakora ariko batari abo muri iryo shyaka.

Si kimwe n’aya matora yo mu bihugu by’i Burayi cyangwa bimwe na bimwe byo muri Afurika bagira agace mutorerwamo ukaba watowe muri ko. Uzasanga nk’ishyaka rishobora kuba irya kabiri ahantu hose ntirigire n’umudepite n’umwe urihagarariye nyamara rifite nka 48% by’amajwi mu gihugu hose.

Ni ibintu bibaho cyane i Burayi aho ishyaka rishobora kugira amajwi 5% mu gihugu rikagira abadepite nk’icumi mu gihe iryagize 48% ritagize n’umwe bitewe n’uko hari ababa banyuze mu duce turimo bene wabo.

Aho demokarasi y’ubwumvikane ishimangira ko ifite akamaro ni uko usanga nk’amatora akorwa hakoreshwejwe urutonde ikarebera no ku rwego rw’Igihugu ku buryo ishyaka ribona abadepite bangana n’uko ringana mu gihugu aho kugendera ku duce runaka.

Ikindi cyiza ni uko nk’iyo uwagize 50% adafata byose ngo uwa 49,9% asigarane ubusa ngo ni uko yatsinzwe ahubwo ufata abangana na 50% undi nawe akagira abangana n’amajwi yabonye.

Guhangana byo ni ibindi kuko iyo uvuze uti “ruriya rupapuro rurera” uwo mutavuga rumwe ahita avuga ati”oya ntabwo rwera” kandi arureba ko rwera.

Ni nako bimeze muri za demokarasi z’i Burayi aho bahora bahanganye, hari ubwo utanga igitekerezo cyiza ariko uwo muhanganye akanga kucyemeza kubera yumva ko uhabwa amanota.

Byumvikane ko nk’u Rwanda rwari ruvuye mu makimbirane ruri kwiyubaka rwashakaga ko abantu bajya hamwe bityo hakoreshwa demokarasi yo kumvikana.

Ntabwo wavuga ibyo, ngo wibagirwe ibiganiro Perezida wa Repubulika agira buri mwaka aho amarana iminsi ibiri cyangwa itatu n’abaturage, Abaminisitiri n’abandi mu ‘Umushyikirano’ abantu bakagira umwanya wo kubaza ibibazo bigashakirwa igisubizo.

Hari ubwo na Perezida ubwe ajya mu turere agahura n’Abanyarwanda, kandi iyo ari mu Karere aganira n’abagatuye, abafite ibibazo bakabimugezaho bigakemurwa cyangwa bigahabwa umurongo.

Ibyo byatumye hashyirwaho ihuriro ry’amashyaka ngo aganire ku bibazo binini bireba igihugu n’Abaminisitiri babagezeho ibigiye gukorwa n’ingamba igihugu gifite.

Ni ihuriro ryavuye mu busabe bw’abaturage bagaragazaga ko abanyepolitiki bakwiye kuganira, usanga iryo huriro ribafasha ngo baganire bashake ubwumvikane barebe ko banasaranganya uburyo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo byabo no kuyobora iryo huriro.

Iryo huriro rigira umuvugizi n’umuvugizi wungirije kandi manda yabo ikamara amezi atandatu aho basimburana bagendewe kuri buri shyaka.

Uretse gushyira abantu hamwe kandi bakagerageza kuganira ntihagire uwishyira ukwe ngo ahangane, buriya hari amashyaka mato aba adafite amafaranga ntagire n’abantu benshi, akaba atashobora kwigurira radiyo cyangwa gushyiraho ikinyamakuru ngo atange ibitekerezo byayo uretse ku mbuga nkoranyambaga aho rero agira amahirwe yo gutanga ibitekerezo byayo.

Aho niho usanga nka Frank Habineza uri mu ishyaka rifite Abadepite babiri gusa yagize ijambo, yagiye mu bitangazamakuru byose wenda yanarushije PL, PSD cyangwa FPR kandi ari bo benshi mu gihugu kubera kubona ubwo burenganzira bungana bwo gutanga ibitekerezo.

Ikindi kinini iryo huriro ryafashije ni ukubaka ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda.

Ibarurishamibare ryerekana ko 94% by’Abanyarwanda, biyumva mu bumwe bw’Abanyarwamda ibyo bikeshwa kugendera kuri iyo demokarasi.

Urubyiruko mu myaka iri imbere rukwiye kuzareba rwitoranyirije, demokarasi ariko rugashingira cyane kuri iyi yubakiye u Rwanda kuko niba yarashyize abana b’Abanyarwanda hamwe, mu nteko ntibaterane amakofe nkuko ahandi bikunze kugaragara, amashyaka mato n’amanini bigakorera hamwe n’ibindi yatanga umusaruro.

Ntabwo ari u Rwanda rwonyine rufite iyi demokarasi kuko n’u Busuwisi, Suède na Norvège, Denmark n’u Buholondi nibyo bikoresha rero ikwiye kubakwa neza ku buryo uko ikorara neza.

Ibihugu by’i Burayi iyo bibonye abantu bikoreye ibintu ubwabo batagiye ngo babibakorere ntabwo bijya babikunda bigatuma bibona icyavuyemo ari kibi.

Iyo urebye nk’itegeko Nshinga, usanga irya Repubulika ya mbere ku bwa Kayibanda ryarandikiwe muri Anverse mu Bubiligi, ryandikwa n’Ababiligi, barizanira Abanyarwanda bararikoresha, Habyarimana we atera intambwe ariko azana ababiligi babiri ashyiramo umunyarwanda umwe ngo abe ari bo batekereza.

Mu 1991 hamaze kujyaho amashyaka ni bwo abantu bateye intambwe bashaka inzobere zibandikira itegeko nshinga ari nacyo mu nama zo mu Urugwiro zishingiraho “Itegeko Nshinga ni iry’Abanyarwanda, ni bo bagomba kuryiyandikira kandi ntabwo ari iry’abanyarwanda b’abahanga bize amategeko ni iry’abaturage.”

Bituma rero mu kuryandika abantu bagomba kujya hasi bakabaza ibibazo, bakagisha inama abaturage byaba ngombwa bakanabigisha ngo bagende babereka ibirimo bakitoranyiriza ubwabo ibitekerezo bemera.

U Rwanda rwarabikoze ndetse mu buryo butandukanye n’abandi kuko rwamaze imyaka itanu n’igice abaturage babazwa ndetse banasobanurirwa icyo ubutegetsi ari cyo na demokarasi uko zikora ndetse n’abari mu mahanga nko muri Tanzania, Burundi, Zambia, Malawi u Burayi n’abandi bagiye bohererezwa impapuro.

Ahantu u Rwanda rwatinye ni muri Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Congo kuko hari benshi mu basize bahekuye u Rwanda bakubitaga agatoki ku kandi ko abazerekezayo bazabarasa.

Mu byagarukwagaho byari ibitekerezo binini 64 abaturage berekwaga ko batagomba kubihindura kuko ari byo itegeko nshinga ryari ryubakiyeho abahanga barabigisha, abatorage baritora batanga n’ibitekerezo ndetse ryandikwa neza.

Abavuga ngo ntidufite demokarasi cyangwa ngo ihari siyo wakibaza impamvu ibihugu nka Suède na Norvège bibikora n’impamvu bumva ko atariyo ariko bishingira ku kuba bazi ko atari bo babikoze.

Izindi ngorane ibi bihugu bidutera zishingiye kuko bibona Perezida Kagame afite byinshi yakoze bituma abaturage bamutora ku majwi ari hejuru ya 90% bati “byacitse.”

Abanyepolitiki b’i Burayi batangiye kera ubu bagenda babeshya abaturage mu gihe cyo kwiyamamaza bakavuga ibyo bazakora, bamara gutorwa ntibabikore bikazatuma nyuma ibyo bavuze batabyemera.

Ni byo bituma mu Rwanda amatora aba ugasanga abaturage 96% bajya gutora mu gihe bo usanga ari nka 23%.

Hari uwigeze gutorwa agira amajwi 28%, uwo bahanganye abona nka 15% undi 14% bakibaza impamvu babona 52% mu gihe Kagame ashobora kubona 94%.

Hari naho bashyizeho itegeko rihana abatazatora ariko nabyo biba iby’ubusa kuko bajyagayo ugasanga ibipapuro by’itora babinaze mu nkangara ntacyo babihinduyeho nabyo bikaba impfabusa.

Nta wakibakirwa ubwo Perezida Kagame yatorwaga uko ambasade ya Amerika yiriwe yashyashyanye ndetse icyo gihe uwari ambasaderi wayo yirirwa azenguruka muri Kicukiro ngo harebwe uko amatora agenda.

Nko mu Ruhengeri ho bari bamuteze iminsi bumva ko adashobora gutorwa ariko batunguwe no gusanga abatoye benshi ari we watowe kubera politiki nziza.

Uretse ubwo busobanuro bw’abandi bwabaye imbogamizi mu gishyira mu bikorwa iyi politiki ariko usanga Abanyarwanda bo barayumvise banahita bayikunda.

Demokarasi y’ubwumvikane harimo izindi ngingo nko kwerekana uko amatora agenda akorwa, amatora y’ubwumvikane, afasha gusaranganya ubutegetsi, gushyiraho sisitemu yo kuvuga ngo abajya ku kazi uretse abaminisitiri bagenda bashyirwaho, inzego nini zigenda zishyirwaho zikurikiza kureba ko buri gice cy’Abanyarwanda cyiyumva ko kirimo muri ubwo buyobozi kirimo mu bikorwa.

Nko muri sena hari itegeko riteganya ko abatorwa n’abaturage 12, abatorwa n’ihuriro ry’amashyaka babiri, abarimu ba Kaminuza za Leta batora umwe n’abo muzigenga bagatora umwe n’abandi umunani bashyirwaho na Perezida.