Itsinda ryitwa ko riharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ryo muri New York, Human Rights Watch [HRW], ntirihwema gukwirakwiza ubutumwa bubi burwanya Leta iyobowe na FPR mu Rwanda. Icyo HRW ikora si uguharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu, ahubwo ni uguharanira inyungu za politiki, bikaba bikorwa mu buryo budakwiye yaba mu buryo ikoresha n’intego igamije.

Kuri HRW, inkuru ivuga ku Rwanda ihora ari inkuru mbi. Ubu bimaze imyaka mirongo itatu.

Raporo za HRW ku Rwanda zikoreshwa nk’igikoresho cya poropaganda kigamije gusebya ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda, n’ishyaka riri ku butegetsi rya FPR, kuva Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 ihagaritswe.

Nyuma y’itsindwa rya leta yakoze Jenoside, abayikoze bahungiye muri Zaire, ubu yahindutse Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo [RDC], aho bahise batangira imigambi yo kugarura Hutu Power ku butegetsi mu Rwanda binyuze mu ntambara.

Bagabye ibitero mu Majyaruguru ashyira Uburengerazuba bw’u Rwanda, bagambiriye kurangiza Jenoside bari baratangiye, ariko ntibabigeraho baratsindwa mu 1998.

Nyuma y’iyi ntambara, mu 1999, HRW yasohoye raporo yise ‘Human Rights World Report’, ishinja Leta y’u Rwanda kwica ‘abaturage b’inzirakarengane’, yirengagije ko ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda nyuma ya Jenoside bwashyizeho ingamba zo kwirinda, nyuma yo gutangaza kenshi ko ishobora kwirwanaho mu gihe igabweho ibitero, umuryango mpuzamahanga ntugire icyo ubikoraho.

Mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 abaturage barenga miliyoni barishwe, abagore barenga 250.000 bafatwa ku ngufu, bishegesha abaturage basigaye binasenya igihugu.

Mu myaka yakurikiye Jenoside, abantu barenga 120.000 batawe muri yombi bakurikiranyweho uruhare muri Jenoside. Kugira ngo habeho ubutabera, hakoreshejwe inzego eshatu; Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda [ICTR], inkiko zisanzwe mu gihugu, n’Inkiko Gacaca.

Inkiko Gacaca zashyizweho mu 2001, aho inkiko zisaga 12.000 zaciye imanza zirenga miliyoni mu gihugu hose, aho Gacaca yatangaga igihano cyoroheje ku bemeraga icyaha bagasaba imbabazi, bakanagaragaza ubushake bwo kwiyunga n’abaturage. Abenshi abemeraga ibyaha bahitaga barekurwa cyangwa bagakora imirimo nsimburagifungo.

Inkiko Gacaca zasojwe muri Gicurasi 2012. Nyuma y’ifungwa ryazo, HRW yongeye kwiyemeza guharabika isura y’u Rwanda. Muri Gicurasi 2011, basohoye raporo zirimo; “Justice Compromised: The Legacy of Rwanda’s Community-Based Gacaca Courts” na “Rwanda: Mixed Legacy for Community-Based Genocide Court Serious Miscarriages of Justice Need National Court Review” n’izindi.

Intego y’izi raporo yari imwe kandi yoroshye. Zari zigamije kugaragaza ko Gacaca ari uburyo bubi bwo gucira imanza inzirakarengane no gutesha agaciro ubutabera n’ubwiyunge by’u Rwanda.

Mu guharabika Gacaca, no kuyita ‘ikosa ry’ubutabera’ HRW yagerageje ku bushake gupfobya icyaha cya Jenoside kugira ngo ihuze na gahunda yayo n’imigambi ku Rwanda nyuma ya Jenoside.

Ariko HRW ntiyigeze igaragaza uruhare rw’Inkiko Gacaca mu kwimakaza ubwiyunge, kuko zatanze uburyo ku bagizweho ingaruka na Jenoside kugira ngo bamenye ukuri ku rupfu rw’abagize imiryango yabo.

Gacaca kandi zahaye urubuga abakoze Jenoside rwo kwemera ibyaha no kubisabira imbabazi imbere y’abandi baturage.

Nyuma y’uko guharabika u Rwanda yifashishije Jenoside bitayihiriye, HRW, yatangije urundi rugamba rwo kurushinja guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu, gushimuta no kwica, ibintu ikomeje gukoresha na magingo aya.

Mu mwaka wa 2017 mbere y’ukwezi kumwe ngo habe amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu, HRW yasohoye raporo igaragaza amazina y’abantu icyenda, ivuga ko bishwe n’inzego z’umutekano bazira ibikorwa by’ubujura bw’ihene. Nyuma y’iminsi mike, Leta y’u Rwanda yerekanye abo bantu ari bazima mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru.

Muri uwo mwaka muri Kanama nyuma y’amatora, HRW yasohoye indi raporo yindi yise “Rwanda: Politically Closed Elections,” ivuga ko amatora yo ku wa 04 Kanama 2017 yabereye mu bwisanzure buke mu gutanga ibitekerezo. Iyi raporo yari irimo byinshi ku byerekeye politiki y’u Rwanda kuruta ibijyanye n’uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Hashingiwe kuri izi raporo, byaragaragaye neza ko iri tsinda ryashinjaga u Rwanda ibirego bitandukanye igihe cyose ryabonaga ko ari ngombwa kubera inyungu za politiki.

Raporo za HRW ziharanira inyungu za politiki ku Rwanda zarakomeje uko imyaka yagiye ishira. Muri Werurwe 2022, ubwo u Rwanda rwiteguraga kwakira Inama y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu na za Guverinoma bigize Commonwealth [CHOGM], HRW yasohoye raporo yitwa “Rwanda: Wave of Free Speech Prosecution”, ivuga ko hari itotezwa rishingiye ku bwisanzure bwo gutanga ibitekerezo.

Iyi raporo yari igamije kuyobya abategura CHOGM ngo babuze ko iteranira mu Rwanda, ariko bari bafite icyizere cyinshi ku Rwanda kandi ntirwabatengushye.

HRW ikomeje gukwirakwiza ibitekerezo biharabika u Rwanda, aho kugeza ubu ishyize imbere umugambi wo kuvuga ko iki gihugu gishyigikira M23, umutwe w’abarwanyi b’Abakongomani barwanira mu burasirazuba bwa RDC.

Kuva igihe abarwanyi ba M23 buburiye imirwano mu mpera z’Ugushyingo mu 2021, HRW yagiye isohora raporo nyinshi ihuza uyu umutwe n’u Rwanda.

Muri Kamena 2023, HRW yashyize hanze raporo yise “DR Congo: Killings, Rapes by Rwanda-Backed M23 Rebels,” n’indi iheruka gusohoka muri Nzeri yitwa “Rwandan Forces, M23 Rebels Shell Civilians.”

Izi raporo zose zigaruka ku birego bitandukanye by’ihonyora ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, bivugwa ko byakozwe n’abarwanyi ba M23 bashyigikiwe n’u Rwanda.

Mu izi raporo zose, aho kugaragaza ikibazo cy’imirwano ikomeje gufata intera, imvugo z’urwango, ubwicanyi bushingiye ku moko, ndetse n’amasomo yo kwangisha u Rwanda yigishwa mashuri abanza muri Congo, HRW yashyize imbaraga nyinshi mu guhuza M23 n’u Rwanda, kugira ngo ihishire impamvu nyakuri y’ibibazo n’ubuzima bubi muri RDC, igamije gushimangira gahunda zayo.

Kugira gutya, HRW ikomeje guteza umwuka mubi mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari, no kubangamira imbaraga zose ziri gushyirwamo mu guhosha umwuka mubi mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC no kwitambika gahunda zo kuzura umubano mwiza hagati y’u Rwanda na RDC.

Hamwe na gahunda yo guhindanya isura y’ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda, isoko y’ibanze y’amakuru ya HRW muri raporo zayo iba ari abantu bizwi kandi bigaragara ko banga u Rwanda, babandi ukwizerwa kwabo gushidikanywaho.

Muri raporo yo mu Ukwakira 2023, HRW yise: “Join Us or Die: Rwanda’s Extraterritorial Repression”, ivuga ko yabajije abantu barenga 150 bahunze ihohoterwa mu Rwanda cyangwa hanze yarwo, kugira ngo ishyigikire ibirego byayo bidafite ishingiro.

Abo bantu baturuka mu mutwe RNC, FDU-Inkingi, Jambo ASBL, ndetse n’abahigwa kubera Jenoside, ni bo HRW ikunze gushyira ku rutonde rw’abatangabuhamya bayo mu bijyanye n’u Rwanda.

Abo bantu bose bagaragaza intego ya HRW yo gukomeza uburyo bwa politiki bwateguwe bwo guharabika Guverinoma y’u Rwanda.

Mu myaka hafi 30, uburyo HRW ikoresha mu kuvuga ku Rwanda si bushya cyangwa no bube budasanzwe.

U Rwanda ni igihugu cyiyubatse gishingiye ku kwishakamo ibisubizo mu guhangana n’ibibazo by’imibereho myiza, politiki n’uburenganzira bwa muntu, kidakurikiza amahame asa n’ayashyizweho n’ibihugu by’i Burayi.

Abasesenguzi bavuga ko ibi bishobora kuba impamvu imwe ituma HRW ikoreshwa nk’igikoresho cya politiki cyo “Gukebura u Rwanda ngo rukurikize ibigenwa n’ibyo bihugu.”

Uyu munsi, u Rwanda rufite amahoro, kandi si igihugu HRW ishaka ko Isi ibona.

NB: Iyi nyandiko yatambutse bwa mbere mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza ku rubuga The Great Lakes Eye