Mu mateka n’umuco Nyarwanda, uburenganzira bw’umugore n’ubushobozi bwe byari bifite agaciro gakomeye, nubwo mu Isi ya kera abagabo bari bafite ijambo kurusha abagore. Aka gaciro ntabwo kari impano bahawe n’abagabo, ahubwo ni ikimenyetso cy’imbaraga n’ubushobozi abagore b’Abanyarwandakazi bahoranye.

Gusa nubwo ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere, hari inzitizi nshya zibangamira uburenganzira bw’abagore zirimo imyumvire ishimangira ko badafite ubushobozi runaka, bityo bagomba kugengwa n’abagabo mu buryo bwagutswe. Abagore bahoranye ijambo mu Isi ya kera yari rihariwe n’abagabo, ariko ikoranabuhanga ryo muri ibi bihe riri gukuza imico n’inyigisho bibangamira uburenganzira bw’abagore.

Ingero z’Amateka zigaragaza Uburyo Abanyarwandakazi bagize Ijambo

Umwamikazi Nyirarumaga, wabaye igikomangoma ku ngoma y’Umwami Ruganzu II Ndoli (ahagana mu 1510), yagaragaje uruhare rukomeye rw’abagore binyuze mu gushyiraho urubuga rwa mbere rw’abasizi “Inteko y’abasizi.” Uru rubuga rwafashije mu kubungabunga umuco wo kuvuga imivugo wari mu nzira zo gucika. Yari umuhanzikazi wa mbere uzwi mu Rwanda, aho yahimbye umuvugo wa mbere wahimbwe mu Rwanda, awuhimbira nyina, Umwamikazi Nyamususa.

Nyirarucyaba, umukobwa w’Umwami Gihanga, na we yagize uruhare rukomeye mu iterambere ry’u Rwanda. Mu 1526, ubwo yari yahungiye mu ishyamba, yaje kuvumbura uburyo bwo korora inka, maze ajya guha se wari urwaye amata. Ibi byabaye intambwe ya mbere mu gutangiza ubworozi bw’inka mu Rwanda, bikaba byarateje imbere imibereho n’ubukungu bw’Igihugu.

Izi nkuru zigaragaza ko n’ubwo imitegekere ya kera yari ishingiye ku bagabo, abagore bagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’igihugu. Ariko, bitandukanye n’icyo gihe, ubu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryateje imbere imico mibi igamije kubangamira uburenganzira bw’abagore.

Ibibangamira iterambere ry’umugore mu Isi y’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho

Itumanaho rishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, cyane cyane imbuga nkoranyambaga, ryagize uruhare rukomeye mu gukwirakwiza imico igamije kubangamira abagore irimo:

Ihohoterwa rikorerwa ku ikoranabuhanga:Raporo ya UN Women yerekana ko 85% by’abagore ku Isi bahura n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa kuri murandasi. Mu Rwanda, imibare ya UNFPA yerekana ko umugore 1 kuri 3 ahura n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa kuri murandasi, akenshi rishingiye ku myumvire y’uko umugore atagomba kwifatira ibyemezo.

Icyuho mu ikoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga: Ibarura rusange ry’u Rwanda ryo mu 2022 ryerekanye ko abagabo 71.4% bafite imyaka 21 kuzamura bafite telefoni, ugereranyije na 55.6% by’abagore. Iyi mbogamizi ibabuza kubona amakuru, kugera ku iterambere no gufata ibyemezo byabo ubwabo.

Ikoranabuhanga ryifashishwa mu kugenzura abagore: Mu byaro, hari abagore bohereza amafaranga aturutse mu bucuruzi bakoze, kuri telefoni z’abagabo babo kubera gutinya ihohoterwa, ibi bikaba bigaragaza uko ikoranabuhanga rishobora gukoreshwa mu kurushaho gukandamiza cyangwa kugenzura abagore.

Uretse kuba bafite telefoni, uburyomurandasi ikwirakwira ndetse n’imikorere ya telefoni z’abagore na byo bigira uruhare mu kwagura cyangwa kugabanya amahirwe bafite mu Isi y’ikoranabuhanga.

Uburinganire n’Ikoranabuhanga

Imico yo gukandamiza abagore hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga yerekana akamaro ko kwihugura mu buryo rikoreshwa. N’ubwo rikomeje gufasha abagore kubona amakuru no kubona amahirwe, ikoranabuhanga ryakomeje kuba inkota ifite amugi abiri kuko rifasha abagore ariko nanone rikanakoreshwa mu kubahohotera.

Mu mateka, ikoranabuhanga ryatejwe imbere hakurikijwe imyumvire y’abagabo, ku buryo igishushanyo cyaryo n’iterambere byirengagiza ibibazo byihariye abagore bahura na byo. Byongeye, kuba abagore bari bake mu myuga ya siyansi, ikoranabuhanga, ubuhanga mu kubaka (engineering), n’imibare (STEM), byakomeje guteza icyuho gikomeye.

Mu Rwanda, ikoranabuhanga ryakomeje gukwirakwiza ubusumbane hagati y’abagabo n’abagore, aho rikomeza kongerera abagabo ububasha, mu gihe rigabanya uruhare rw’abagore.

Uburyo bwo guteza imbere uburinganire mu Isi y’ikoranabuhanga

Mu gihe twizihiza Umunsi Mpuzamahanga w’Abagore mu 2025 ufite insanganyamatsiko igira iti: “Ku bagore n’abakobwa bose: Uburenganzira. Uburinganire. Ubushobozi bwo kwiteza imbere.”, ni ingenzi guteza imbere uburenganzira bw’abagore mu Isi y’ikoranabuhanga.

Dukeneye ingamba zitandukanye zirimo:

Gushyiraho gahunda zo kwigisha ikoranabuhanga abagore n’abakobwa kugira ngo icyuho cy’ubumenyi kigabanuke.

Gukaza ingamba zo gukumira ihohoterwa ryifashisha ikoranabuhanga, hakabaho uburyo bukomeye bwo gutanga raporo z’ababigiramo uruhare no guhana ababikora.

Gutoza urubyiruko kugira ubushobozi bwo gusoma no gusobanukirwa itangazamakuru, kugira ngo rubashe kunenga ibikubiyemo imyumvire y’ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina.

Gushyiraho porogaramu zifasha abagore batishoboye kubona ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga biboroheye.

Guteza imbere uburinganire mu myuga y’ikoranabuhanga, no gukangurira abagore kwinjira mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga.

Kwamamaza no gukangurira abantu kumenya ingaruka z’ivangura n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga.

Ikindi kintu cy’ingenzi ni uguhindura imyumvire y’abagabo n’abahungu, bakajya bafatwa nk’abafatanyabikorwa mu rugamba rw’uburinganire. Mu myaka 20 maze nkorana n’imishinga y’uburinganire, nabonye ko akenshi hari ibikorwa byibanda ku bagore n’abakobwa, ariko bikirengagiza gukorana n’abagabo.

Icyerekezo cy’ahazaza

Kugira ngo abagore b’Abanyarwandakazi bagire uruhare rufatika mu iterambere, tugomba gushingira ku nzira iha buri wese uburenganzira, ikubakira abagore ubushobozi, kandi igafasha abagabo kuba abafatanyabikorwa. Duhereye ku byaranze intwari z’Abanyarwandakazi mu mateka, dufatanyije no gukemura ibibazo by’ubu, dushobora kubaka u Rwanda ruteye imbere, aho ikoranabuhanga ritagira uwo risiga inyuma.

Kirenga Clement yagarutse ku iterambere ry'umugore mu Rwanda