Gufata Umujyi wa Goma bikozwe na M23 byazamuye urusaku rwinshi ruturutse mu bo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi by’umwihariko mu Nteko Ishinga Ametegeko y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi.

Akanama ka Loni gashinzwe umutekano na ko kakoze inama zitandukanye nyuma y’ifatwa ry’Umujyi wa Goma, aho Ingabo za Loni (MONUSCO) zishinzwe kurinda umutekano zari zikataje mu gukonana byeruye na FDLR, ingabo za SADC, iz’u Burundi ndetse n’abacanshura b’Abanyaburayi, bose bashishikariye kurwanya abarwanyi ba M23.

Ku wa 13 Gashyantare 2025, Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Burayi yasabye ko u Rwanda rwafatirwa ibihano ndetse inanenga ibyo gufata Goma ikabyita kuvogera ubusugire bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, RDC.

U Rwanda rwakunze kugaragaza ko ibyo birego byo gufasha M23 ari ibinyoma bidafite aho bishingiye, ndetse rukagaragaza ko icyo rwakoze ari ugukaza umutekano ku mipaka yarwo na cyane ko umutekano warwo umaze igihe ugeramiwe.

Ni ingamba rwafashe mu kwirinda ibitero byagabwa ku butaka bwarwo bikozwe n’abajenosideri bo muri FDLR baterwa inkunga n’ingabo za RDC n’imitwe byihuje.

Iyo Nteko Ishinga Amategeko iri gusabira u Rwanda ibihano, iyo bigeze ku butegetsi bwa Kinshasa iruma ihuha, ntigire icyo ikora kuri RDC yafashe abajenosideri ikabashyira mu ngabo zayo, hagamijwe gutera no gufata u Rwanda.

Ni uburyarya kuri iyo Nteko Ishinge Amategeko kubona izi ibijyanye n’uko abarywanyi ba M23 ari Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda barwanira uburengenzira bwabo bamaze igihe barimwe, ndetse barwanya akarengane kamaze igihe karimitswe, yarangiza ikavuga ko gufata Goma ari ukwinjira mu gice itagomba kwinjiramo, ndetse ko ari ikibazo no kuvogera ubusugire n’ubwigenge bya RDC.

Izi mvugo zigamije guha ishingiro ibinyoma Kinshasa ihora ivuga ko abarwanyi ba M23 ari abanyamahanga (Abanyarwanda) ndetse ari umutwe w’iterabwoba.

Iyi ni mwe mu mpamvu zituma intambara yo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC idateze kurangira mu gihe Kinshasa n’abo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi bataremera ko M23 ari Abanye-Congo, ndetse uko kwamburwa uburenganzira ku gihugu bikanakemurwa binyuze mu nzira za politiki.

Nyirabayazana w’ibibazo byo mu Burengerazuba bwa RDC ni n’ibyo bihugu bihora binenga u Rwanda na M23.

Mu 1884 mu nama yabereye i Berlin aho ibihugu byo mu Burayi byari biri kugabanywa Afurika, bakoze imipaka uko babyumva bituma abaturage bari basangiye umuco ururimi n’ibindi byinshi batandukanywa. Uku ni ko Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda bisanze muri Congo.

Kuva mu 1960 ubutegetsi bwose uko bwagiye busimburana bwimakaje ivangura ryakorerwaga Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda.

Ibihugu byo mu Burayi biri kugereka ku Rwanda ibibazo byo muri RDC, bifite uruhare runini mu kubiba imbuto za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, imvugo z’urwango, itotezwa n’ibindi bikorwa byibasiraga Abanye-Congo b’Abatutsi, ibinakomeje uyu munsi muri RDC.

U Bubiligi kandi bwakolonije u Rwanda na RDC bwashyizeho uburyo na politiki y’ivangura ndetse bashyiraho igikoresho bise ‘Vernier Caliper’ cyari kigamije gupima amazuru y’Abanyarwanda kugira ngo babone uburyo bavangura abantu hashingiye ku moko, ibyakomotseho ingirwamoko z’Abahutu, Abatutsi n’Abatwa.

Ibikorwa byo kwica Abatutsi byabaye mu 1959 u Bubiligi bubigizemo uruhare, n’ibindi bikorwa by’ivangura ni byo byatumye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 ishyirwa mu bikorwa.

U Bufaransa na bwo bwagize uruhare rukomeye ndetse bunafasha muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Abasirikare b’Abafaransa bashyizeho za bariyeri basuzuma amarangamuntu kugira ngo bamenye Abatutsi ndetse bakicwa barebera.

Operation Opération Turquoise yari iyobowe n’Abafaransa mu 1994, habenshywa ko yari igamije ubutabazi, ariko yari iyo kurinda no gukingira ikibaba abakoze Jenoside mu Rwanda. Bahawe inzira barindirwa umutekano mu nzira ibaganisha muri Zaire (RDC y’ubu), abo bakaba ari bo bahindutse FDLR.

Kuguma muri RDC kw’abajenosideri ni byo byavuyemo ibi bibazo tubona uyu munsi birimo gutoteza no kwica Abanye-Congo b’Abatutsi. Iyi ni yo mpamvu M23 yeguye intwaro kugira ngo irinde abaturage.

Ubwo M23 yafataga Goma, muri uyu mujyi harimo abacanshuro b’Abanyaburayi bagera kuri 300 bari gufatanya n’ihuriro ry’ingabo za Congo ririmo MONUSCO, FDLR, SADC, ingabo z’u Burundi na Wazalendo.

Nubwo Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Burayi izi neza ko mu 1989 Inteko Rusange ya Loni yafashe icyemezo cyo kunenga ikoreshwa ry’abacanshuro, ntibigeze basabira ibihano RDC ku bijyanye no kwica amategeko mpuzamahanga. Kuri bo M23 n’u Rwanda ni bo bantu babi kuko bari kwirwanaho.

Yirengagije ibikorwa bya FARDC izwiho kubangamira uburenganzira bwa muntu, ibyaha by’intambara gufata ku ngufu n’ibindi ahubwo Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Burayi ihitamo kunenga M23.

Icyakora abahagaze ku kuri, batanga ubuhamya bw’uko ibice M23 irimo ubu birangwamo umutekano ndetse abari barakuwe mu byabo batangiye gusubizwa mu ngo zabo.

Niba ari umukino wo kwegehanaho amakosa ku bijyanye no kubangamira uburenganzira bwa muntu muri RDC, ni nde uzabaza u Bubiligi za miliyoni z’Abanye-Congo bangirijwe bakicwa ku itegeko ry’Umwami w’u Bubiligi Leopold II kuva mu 1885 kugeza mu 1908?

Imvugo z’ubucucu ziri kugarukwaho n’ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi ni iz’uko ibibazo byo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC bishingiye ku gushaka amabuye y’agaciro.

Ubusabe bw’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Burayi bujyanye no guhagarika amasezerano EU ifitanye n’u Rwanda ku guteza imbere ibijyanye n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, bugaragaza mu buryo butaziguye ko u Rwanda ruri gucukura ayo mabuye muri RDC mu buryo butemewe. Ni imvugo ziri mu murongo w’icengezamatwara y’ubutegetsi bwa Kinshasa.

Ababiligi bazi neza ko mu myaka ya 1950, SOMUKI, ikigo cy’Ababiligi cyakoraga ibijyanye n’amabuye y’agaciro nyuma cyaje guhinduka Geomines, cyakoreraga mu Rwanda, bwagatwara amabuye yarwo butayaguze.

U Bubiligi buramutse buryojwe ibikorwa byabwo, bukishyura amabuye y’u Rwanda n’aya Congo bwibye, nta kintu na kimwe bwasigarana, ndetse ibihugu byinshi byo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi byajyanwa mu nkiko.

Ni ukwikunda ndetse no kutagira ubumuntu, kubona ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi, buha agaciro amabuye y’agaciro yo muri RDC kurusha Abatutsi bo mu Rwanda bishwe mu 1994, kurusha impungenge z’abashaka kugaruka bakica abandi, kurusha ndetse n’ubuzima bw’Abanye-Congo b’Abatutsi bari kwicwa ubu umusubizo.

Tekereza ihungabana Pierre yahuye na ryo, umwana w’imyaka 10 wiboneye se atwikwa ari muzima akaribwa ku karubanda n’abicanyi. Se wa Pierre yari Umututsi w’Umunye-Congo.

Tekereza umubyeyi w’umugore wambuwe imyenda ku karubanda, agasigara yambaye ubusa, agafatwa ku ngufu, hanyuma akicwa by’agashinyaguro, abana be bareba ayo marorerwa yose.

Ibyo byose byakozwe ku manywa y’ihangu, ndetse amashusho yarafashwe, bitari bimwe by’amashusho yafashwe n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ry’ubwenge buhangano. Inteko Ishinga Amategeko iri kwigira nk’aho ibyo byose byemewe ndetse bisanzwe. M23 ifite impamvu yumvikana.

Kwirengagiza impamvu ya M23 ni bwo buryo bubi kurusha ubundi bwabayeho bujyanye no kubangamira uburenganzira bw’ikirembwamuntu.

Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Burayi ntiyigeze na rimwe iterana ubwo ubu bwicanyi bw’indengakamere no kurya Abatutsi byabaga ndetse ntiyigeze inabyamagana.

Umudugudu wo mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo wari utuwemo n’Abatutsi b’Abanye-Congo waratwitswe wose urakongoka, byakozwe MONUSCO n’ingabo z’u Burundi barebera. Nta wigeze abyamagana. Kwamagana byabayeho gusa ubwo M23 yafataga Goma na Bukavu.

Inama y’i Berlin yo mu 1884 ntabwo yari igambiriye imibereho myiza y’Abanyafurika. Yari igambiriye amabuye y’agaciro yo muri Afurika yashakwaga n’Abanyaburayi ku kibi n’icyiza.

Iyo myumvire ni na yo ihari uyu munsi aho Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Burayi igerageza kwirinda icyarakaza guverinoma ya RDC.

Ni na yo mpamvu bahorana imvugo imwe ndetse bazahora banenga M23 n’u Rwanda nk’uko Tshisekedi abikora.

Iyo Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Burayi ntiyigeze na rimwe ihamagarira ibiganiro bitaziguye hagati ya Kinshasa n’abarwanyi ba M23.

Ntibitaye na busa ku buzima bw’Abanye-Congo bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi bari kwicwa, ndetse ntibanitaye ku by’uko umutekano w’u Rwanda ugeramiwe bigizwemo uruhare n’ibibazo by’ubutegetsi bwa Congo no gushyigikira byuzuye FDLR ngo igaruke ‘kurangiza jenoside.’

Mu 1961 u Bubiligi n’abambari babwo bishe Patrice Lumumba nyuma y’amezi make yari ashize atorewe kuba Minisitiri w’Intebe wa mbere wa Congo kuva iki gihugu cyabona ubwigenge.

Lumumba yabonywe nk’imbogamizi ku nyungu z’abo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi zo kwiba umutungo wa Congo. Umubiri we washyizwe muri ‘acide’ ndetse ibisigazwa bye bigizwe n’iryinyo rye rya zahabu gusa byagaruwe muri RDC mu 2022 nyuma y’imyaka 61!

Ubwo ni bwo butegetsi bwagize uruhare mu kuba RDC ihora imeze nk’igihugu kidafite intego, kidatera imbere kuko bashaka ko igihugu kiyoborwa n’abayobozi badashoboye nka Tshisekedi.

Abo bagize uruhare mu bikorwa byo kubangamira uburenganzira bwa muntu mu buryo bukomeye, ni na bo bari kunenga abarwanyi ba M23 barahiriye kurengera abaturage batotejwe igihe kirekire, babashinja guhungabanya uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Burayi ihishira ubwicanyi bwa guvenoma ya RDC, kunenga u Rwanda n’impungenge ku biri kubera muri Congo no kwirengagiza umuzi w’ikibazo utuma M23 ihaguruka irwarana, ntabwo bizafasha mu gukemura ibibazo byo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC ahubwo buzabikomeza.

Uruvangitirane rw’ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi, Loni, abacanshuro no guhereza inguni kuri Kinshasa bigaragaza uburyo bwateguwe neza bwo kurwanya u Rwanda na M23.

Abo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi bafite inyungu mu by’ubukungu bagomba kurinda mu gihe u Rwanda na M23 bihagaze bwuma mu kurinda abaturage babyo bahura n’ibibazo by’umutekano muke bihari ndetse ntibizacogora kabone n’ubwo abo mu Burengerazuba bakomeza ibikangisho byabo.

Ntabwo bitunguranye kubona ibihugu byagize uruhare runini mu guteza ibibazo muri RDC ari byo byafashe iya mbere bigashira amanga mu kunenga u Rwanda na M23.

Abarwanyi ba M23 ni bo bari kugenzura imipaka ihuza Uburasirazuba bwa RDC n'u Rwanda. Aba bafotowe bari ku mupaka Umujyi wa Rubavu n'uwa Goma