Ni ibintu Guverinoma isobanura ko bizamufasha kwiteza imbere no gukurikira gahunda z’igihugu z’iterambere.

Aha umuntu yakwibaza ati “Ese koko byashoboka ko buri Muturarwanda amenya gusoma no kubara?”

Uwasubiza ‘yego’ ntiyaba ari kure y’ukuri, ariko kandi n’uwasubiza ‘oya’ yaba afite ishingiro.

Kuvuga ko Abaturarwanda bose bamenya gusoma no kwandika bihita bikujyana gutekereza ku bakuze, kuko ubuzima bw’igihugu uyu munsi butuma nta rwitwazo rwabaho ku mwana muto, cyangwa urubyiruko rutamenya gusoma no kwandika.

Keretse biturutse ku bindi bibazo bye bwite nk’uburwayi, ariko Leta yo irakomeza gukora ibyo igomba gukora ngo buri mwana yige.

Uhereye ku mateka igihugu cyanyuzemo, nta gitangaza kirimo kuba wabona abantu benshi bakuze batazi gusoma no kwandika.

Politiki y’ivangura n’amacakubiri, yahuriranye n’ubuyobozi budashyira imbere imibereho y’abaturage bituma u Rwanda rumara imyaka myinshi rufite abarutuye batize.

Icyakora nyuma ya 1994, hari bamwe mu bakuze batekereje kwiga n’abari baracikije amashuri bayasubiramo n’ubwo byari bigoye cyane.

Abatarabigenje batyo, hari gahunda zitandukanye zatangijwe na Guverinoma hagamijwe gufasha abakuze batabashije kwiga, kuba bamenya nibura gusoma no kwandika Ikinyarwanda. Izo nazo hari umusanzu zatanze umuntu atarenza ingohe.

Muri Nzeri 2023, Minisiteri y’Uburezi yatangaje ko Guverinoma ifite intego z’uko umubare w’abazi gusoma no kwandika (literacy rate) wava kuri 83.1% ukagera kuri 84.45% mu 2024.

Icyo gihe iyo Minisiteri yari iri gutangiza gahunda y’ubukangurambaga bwagombaga kumara ukwezi ku rwego rw’igihugu, bugamije gushishikariza abantu umuco wo gusoma no kwandika haba mu bigo by’amashuri no mu ngo aho batuye.

Ku rundi ruhande, ubushakashatsi bw’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare bwo mu 2018 bwagaragaje ko Guverinoma ibinyujije muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi ikora iyo bwabaga ngo Abaturarwanda bagere ku burezi bufite ireme, by’umwihariko uburezi bw’ibanze.

Icyo gihe imibare yerekanaga ko ubwo burezi bugira uruhare mu kuzamura ireme n’ijanisha ry’urubyiruko ruzi gusoma no kwandika, rikava kuri 86.5%, rikazagera kuri 93.2% ku banyeshuri bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 24 nk’uko Guverinoma yari yarabihize.

Ni ibintu byagaragajwe nk’inkingi ikomeye mu iterambere ry’Igihugu.

Gusa ku birebana no gusoma no kwandika mu bakuze, aho bigira, abiga, ndetse n’ababigisha, hose imibare yari yarasubiye hasi.

Ahigirwa havuye ku 5,160 mu 2017 hagera ku 4,991 mu 2018, abiga bava ku 152,015 bagera ku 132,365, naho ababigisha bava ku 6,287 bagera kuri 6,072.

Imibare igaragaza ko abenshi mu bakuru bitabira gahunda zo gusoma no kwandika baba bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 25 na 45.

Ku bafite imyaka iri munsi ya 25, ubwitabire bwabo buracyari hasi. Impamvu yabyo ni uko abari muri iyo myaka bitabira amashuri asanzwe cyane.

Bivuze ko bene aho higirwa hagenewe by’umwihariko abakuze bacikanywe n’amahirwe yo kwiga bakiri bato.

Abagejeje ku myaka 45 kuzamura ntibitabira amashuri asanzwe.

Ubushakasahatsi bugaragaza ko bituruka ku kuba bafite imyumvire y’uko ku myaka yabo bitakiri ngombwa kwiga.

Hashingiwe ku mpamyabushobozi bahawe, muri aba bakuru bitabira gahunda zo kwiga gusoma no kwandika abagore bari kuri 59% mu 2018, mu gihe abagabo bari 41%.

Kugira ngo mu 2029 buri Muturarwanda azabe azi gusoma no kubara, bisaba ko hongerwa ingufu nyinshi mu bukangurambaga bushishikariza abakuze kwitabira gahunda zabashyiriweho zibibafashamo, bakarushaho no kwigishwa akamaro kabyo.

Kubabwira ko ari byiza ntibihagije ngo babyumve. Bisaba ko bigishwa uko bizabagirira akamaro mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi, haba mu iterambere ry’imiryango yabo bijyanye n’uko binjiza, ndetse no mu iterambere ry’igihugu muri rusange.

Bitewe n’uko benshi mu bakuru ari abayoboke b’amadini n’amatorero bakomeye, cyane ko babikorana umutima wose, uruhare rw’abayobozi b’amadini n’amatorero rurakenewe cyane muri urwo rugamba.

Guverinoma nifatanya n’amadini n’amatorero, bizoroha cyane kumvisha abakuze impamvu bakwiye kwitabira gahunda zibafasha kumenya gusoma no kwandika.

Nk’urugero, hari ushobora kumva atabikeneye kuko ku myaka ye nta kazi aba ateganya gushaka, ariko wamwumvisha ko bizatuma abasha gusoma no kwisobanurira Bibiliya agahita aza n’umutima we wose.

Ibyo ariko bigomba kujyanishwa no gukomeza gukaza ingamba zituma abana batangira kwiga mu gihe gikwiye, n’abava mu ishuri bagakurikiranwa bagasubizwayo kugira ngo mu myaka iri imbere hatazaba hagaragara abandi bakuru batize, mu gihe abo Guverinoma yigisha gusoma no kwandika ubu bazaba batega zivamo.

Nibihera mu muryango, amadini agashyiraho akayo akunganira gahunda za Guverinoma, nta kabuza Abaturarwanda bose bazamenya gusoma no kwandika nibura Ikinyarwanda, babashe no kubara iby’ibanze.

Ni ibintu bishoboka kuko nzi umusaza w’imyaka 80 ubasha gukora imibare akamenya amafaranga yavuye mu musaruro we kandi atarize.

Imibare yerekana ko abagore bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 49 batazi gusoma no kwandika bagabanutse, bakava kuri 12% mu 2015, bakagera ku 9% mu 2021. Abagabo bo bavuye ku 9% ugera kuri 7%.

Bamwe mu bakuze bishimira gahunda yo kubigisha gusoma no kwandika