Ariko amakimbirane ashingiye ku mutekano yavutse hagati y’ibi bihugu mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 2022 yatumye imwe mu mishinga byari bifitanye ihagarara, indi iradindira.

Mu mishinga yadindiye harimo uwo kubaka uruganda runini rw’amashanyarazi, uw’ubufatanye mu kubungabunga Pariki, uwo gutunganya amabuye y’agaciro, ubushakashatsi buhuriweho mu Kiyaga cya Kivu no kubaka umudugudu w’icyitegererezo wa Goma.

Uruganda rw’amashanyarazi

Umwe mu mishinga ikomeye yadindijwe n’aya makimbirane ni umushinga wo kubaka uruganda rugari rutunganya umuriro w’amashanyarazi rwa Ruzizi III, uhuriweho n’u Rwanda, RDC ndetse n’u Burundi.

Mu 2016, ibi bihugu byemeranyije kubyaza umusaruro umugezi wa Rusizi/Ruzizi bihuriyeho, bikahubaka uruganda rufite ubushobozi bwo gutanga Megawatt (MW) 147 z’umuriro w’amashanyarazi.

Uyu mushinga wari ufite agaciro ka miliyoni 450 z’Amadolari watewe inkunga na Banki y’Isi, Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi na Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere, AfDB.

Byari byitezwe ko uzarangira mu 2024 ariko wagiye udindira bitewe n’amakimbirane ibi bihugu by’ibituranyi byagiye bigirana, yatumye hatabaho ubufatanye bukwiye.

Imirimo yo kubaka uru rugomero izarangira itwaye miliyoni 800$. Mu ntangiriro z’uku kwezi, Minisitiri w’Ibikorwaremezo, Dr. Jimmy Gasore, yararusuye avuga ko imirimo izatangira mu gihe cya vuba.

Ibi bihugu uko ari bitatu, u Rwanda, u Burundi na Congo bizatanga amafaranga angana, ndetse n’amashanyarazi azaboneka bizayagabana mu buryo bugana, bivuze ko buri gihugu kizishyura arenga miliyoni 266$ kizajya gihabwa umuriro ugana na megatt 68,6.

Biteganyijwe ko imirimo kubaka uru rugomero izatangira muri Mutarama 2026, ukarangira mu 2030, utwaye arenga miliyoni 800$.

Umushinga wo kubaka uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rwa Ruzizi III ku mugezi wa Ruzizi waradindiye

Kubungabunga Pariki

Mu 2014, Intumwa z’u Rwanda, RDC na Uganda zahuriye mu nama yari igamije gushyiraho ingamba zo kurinda umutekano wa Pariki zihuriye mu ruhererekane rw’imisozi ya Virunga n’inkengero zazo.

Muri iyi nama, hafashwe ingamba zo gukumira ba rushimusi muri izi Pariki n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro iteza umutekano muke mu karere nka FDLR yashinzwe n’abagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

Hagiye habaho inama zateguwe n’ihuriro GVTC (Greater Virunga Transboundary Collaboration) zigamije kunoza ubufatanye mu kubungabunga izi Pariki zifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 7900, gusa aya makimbirane yaje kubukoma mu nkokora.

Byageze aho mu Ukwakira 2022 Leta ya RDC ishinja u Rwanda kuyibira ingagi n’inkende, gusa icyo gihe Ambasaderi warwo wungirije muri Loni, Robert Kayinamura, yasubije ko iyo ari imyumvire y’ubukoloni.

Ambasaderi Kayinamura yagize ati “Mu myaka 28 gusa ishize, u Rwanda rushinjwa ibi birego buri munsi. Iyo nta mazi ahari ni u Rwanda, nta mashanyarazi ni u Rwanda, nta mihanda ni u Rwanda. Ni imyumvire y’ubukoloni. Dukeneye kurenga iyi myumvire, tukajya mu buryo bwo kwishakamo ibisubizo bikemura ibibazo.”

U Rwanda, RDC na Uganda byari byaremeranyije kwifatanya kubungabunga Pariki za Virunga

Amasezerano yo gutunganya Zahabu

RDC ikungahaye ku bwoko bwinshi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ariko kuva mu gihe cy’ubukoloni abyazwa umusaruro cyane n’abanyamahanga, bitewe n’uko idafite inganda zo kuyatunganya mu rwego rwo kuyongerera agaciro.

Bitewe n’uko u Rwanda rufite uruganda rwa Gasabo Gold Refinery rutunganya Zahabu, ibihugu byombi byaraganiriye, byemeranya ko iri buye ry’agaciro rizajya ritunganyirizwa i Kigali kugira ngo inyungu RDC irikuramo ziyongere.

Muri Kamena 2021, ibihugu byombi byagiranye amasezerano yo gutunganya ndetse no gucuruza Zahabu, yari gushyirwa mu bikorwa n’ikigo cya Leta ya RDC cyitwa Sakima (Société Aurifère du Kivu et du Maniema) na Dither Ltd yo mu Rwanda.

Ubwo abarwanyi ba M23 bari bamaze gufata Umujyi wa Bunagana muri Kamena 2022, Leta ya RDC yahagaritse aya masezerano, ishinja u Rwanda gufasha uyu mutwe witwaje intwaro, gusa rwarabihakanye.

Gasabo Gold Refinery ni yo yari kuzajya itunganya Zahabu iva mu burasirazuba bwa RDC

Umudugudu w’icyitegererezo wa Goma

Umujyi wa Goma cyane cyane mu majyaruguru yawo, washegeshwe bikomeye n’iruka ry’ikirunga cya Nyiragongo muri Gicurasi 2021, ryasenye inzu zirenga 1000 muri teritwari ya Nyiragongo.

Nk’ikimenyetso cy’ubucuti n’ubuvandimwe, Perezida Paul Kagame yasuye Nyiragongo, nyuma yo kureba uburyo abaturage bashegeshwe n’iki kiza, abasezeranya kububakira umudugudu w’icyitegererezo umeze nk’uwa Kinigi mu karere ka Musanze.

Ibiganiro byarabaye, RDC yohereza intumwa zayo mu Karere ka Musanze kugira ngo zirebe uko umudugudu w’icyitegererezo wa Kinigi umeze, byemezwa ko ibikoresho bizawubaka birimo amatafari bizava mu Rwanda. Aba bayobozi basubiye iwabo banyuzwe.

Byari biteganyijwe ko uyu mudugudu uzatahwa tariki ya 4 Nyakanga 2022 ku munsi wo kwibohora, ugatwara amafaranga arenga miliyari 26 Frw nk’ayakoreshejwe ku wa Kinigi, gusa icyo gihe cyageze umubano waramaze kuzamba.

Imambo zari zaramaze gushingwa mu kibaya cya Nyiragongo cyagombaga kubakwamo uyu mudugudu, ibibanza na byo byari byarakaswe. Hari kubakwa amagorofa yo guturamo ndetse n’ibikorwaremezo birimo ivuriro ndetse n’amashuri.

Umudugudu w'icyitegererezo wa Goma wari kuzaba umeze nk'uwa Kinigi

Ubushakashatsi mu Kiyaga cya Kivu

Muri Mata 2017, u Rwanda na RDC byagiranye amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu gushakisha peteroli mu Kiyaga cya Kivu, hashingiwe ku biganiro abakuru b’ibihugu bagiranye ubwo bahuraga mu 2016.

Byari byitezwe ko aya masezerano azafasha ibihugu byombi kumenya uduce peteroli iherereyemo kuri iki kiyaga, ingano yayo ndetse n’uburyo ishobora kubyazwa umusaruro.

Nyuma y’aho M23 ifashe Bunagana, Leta ya RDC yafashe icyemezo cyo guhagarika amasezerano y’ubufatanye yagiranye n’u Rwanda, irushinja kuyitera.

U Rwanda rwiyemeje gukomeza rwonyine ubushakashatsi mu gice cyarwo cy’Ikiyaga cya Kivu, ndetse bwanatangiye gutanga umusaruro kuko muri Mutarama 2025 rwemejwe ko rwabonye uduce 13 dushobora kuba turimo peteroli.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwababaje Leta ya RDC, Minisitiri w’Intebe wayo ategeka Minisitiri w’Umutungo kamere, Aime Sakombi Molendo, gusaba ikigo cy’u Rwanda gishinzwe mine, peteroli na gazi (RMB) ibisobanuro kuri utu duce twabonetse mu Kiyaga cya Kivu.

Ubushakashatsi kuri peteroli mu Kiyaga cya Kivu ntibugikorwa n'impande zombi

Haba hari icyizere cyo gusubukura imwe mu mishinga?

Kuva mu 2022, u Rwanda na RDC byahuriye mu biganiro byayobowe n’abahuza barimo Angola, byari bigamije gufasha ibi bihugu kongera kubana neza, ariko kugeza mu mpera za 2024 icyizere cyo kugera ku musaruro mwiza cyari kitaraboneka.

Muri Werurwe 2025, Perezida Paul Kagame na Félix Tshisekedi baherukagana muri Nzeri 2022 ubwo bari i New York, bahujwe na Qatar, bemeranya ko hakomeza ibiganiro bigamije gukemura amakimbirane ari hagati y’ibihugu bayoboye.

Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na zo zatangiye guhuza u Rwanda na RDC, muri Mata zifasha ibi bihugu gushyira umukono ku mahame ngenderwaho aganisha ku mahoro, ashobora gufasha ibi bihugu kongera kubana neza.

Byitezwe ko mu gihe umubano w’u Rwanda na RDC wazahuka, bizasubukura imishinga myinshi byari bihuriyemo irimo uw’uruganda rwa Rusizi III, kubungabunga Pariki no gutunganya amabuye y’agaciro.

Byitezwe ko amahame u Rwanda na RDC byagiranye muri Mata 2025 azafasha ibi bihugu kongera kubana neza