Birasa n’aho bamwe muri bo bamaze kwakira ko kumva ngo umutekano wagarutse kuri gakondo yabo bizakomeza kuba inzozi.

Impamvu y’abatekereza batyo ntiwavuga ko idafite ishingiro, kuko uko ubutegetsi bwagiye busimburana i Kinshasa, buri muperezida yavugaga ko icyo yimirije imbere y’ibindi ari ukugarura umutekano muri ako gace.

Nyuma yo kwicara ku ntebe iruta izindi mu gihugu, utaratereye agati mu ryinyo yatumye ibintu birushaho kujya irudubi.

Muri Gashyantare 2023, inararibonye Rutaremara Tito yagaragaje ko umutekano muke mu burasirazuba bwa RDC uterwa n’ibibazo bibiri by’ingenzi, birimo imiyobore mibi no kubura ubushake bwa politiki.

Yagize ati: “Habonetse ubushake bwa politiki, ikibazo cy’uburasirazuba bwa RDC cyabonerwa umuti. Igihe cyose RDC igifite imiyoborere n’imikorere mibi, ba mpatsibihugu bakinyunyuza ubukungu bwa RDC uko bishakiye, ruswa n’icyenewabo bikirangwa mu buyobozi bwa RDC, nta mahoro izagira.”

Mobutu Sese Seko wayoye RDC icyitwa Zaïre mu myaka ya 1990, ni we ufatwa nk’uwagize uruhare rukomeye mu mvururu zimaze iyo myaka yose mu burasirazuba bw’igihugu.

Uyu yugururiye amarembo ingabo za Juvénal Habyarimana n’Interahamwe zari zimaze gutsindwa n’ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi, azemerera kwinjira mu gihugu atazambuye intwaro.

Zarahageze zikoresha imyitozo ya gisirikare mu nkambi z’impunzi, zigamije kwishakamo izindi mbaraga ngo zigaruke gutera u Rwanda. Mobutu wabonaga ibyo bikorwa byose binabera hafi y’umupaka w’u Rwanda, ntacyo yabikozeho.

Muri Kanama 2023, Perezida wa Uganda, Yoweri Kaguta Museveni yavuze ko yihamagariye Mobutu amusaba kutazakira zifite intwaro no kwirinda kuzituza hafi y’u Rwanda, undi akamwima amatwi.

Yagize ati “Miliyoni irenga y’Abahutu bafite intwaro yinjiye i Goma muri Congo, njye ubwanjye ninginze Mobutu ndamubwira nti nyakubahwa Marshal, kubera izi Nterahamwe ku mupaka, niba ushaka ko ziguma muri Congo bajyane kure, uvangure ibibazo bya Congo n’iby’u Rwanda, kubera ko abo bantu washyize ku mupaka bari gutegura kongera gutera.”

Mobutu yatumye Interahamwe n’abahoze mu ngabo za Habyarimana babasha gushinga imitwe yitwaje intwaro irimo FDLR. Iyo mitwe mu bihe bitandukanye yagabye ibitero ku butaka bw’u Rwanda bihitana abasivile.

Ibyo byiyongeyeho ko ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside abo basirikare n’Interahamwe bahunganye bayigejeje muri RDC bakayikwirakwizayo, bituma ubwicanyi bwibasira Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda by’umwihariko abo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi bukaza umurego.

Ababarirwa mu bihumbi amagana bahungiye mu bihugu bituranye na RDC, abandi babarirwa mu mamiliyoni bahungira mu bindi bice bitandukanye by’imbere mu gihugu. Bamwe muri bo bamaze imyaka irenga 25 batarasubizwa mu byabo.

Yaba Laurent-Désiré Kabila wahiritse Mobutu, cyangwa muhungu we Joseph Kabila wamusimbuye mu 2001, nta gisubizo kizima bigeze bashaka mu gukemura icyo kibazo.

Uko gushyira agati mu ryinyo kw’abategetsi b’i Kinshasa ni ko kwatumye imitwe irimo Raia Mutomboki, Twirwaneho, CNDP na M23 ivuka, igamije kwirwanaho ngo irengere uburenganzira bwa benewabo kuko babonaga nibatirwanirira bazashiraho burundu.

Perezida Tshisekedi wageze ku butegetsi asanga iki kibazo kiriho, aho kugikemura yatumye gifata indi ntera. Amasezerano yose yasinywe hagati ya Kinshasa na M23 yongeye kubura intwaro mu mpera za 2021, Tshisekedi yanze kuyashyira mu ngiro.

Icyo yakoze, yakoranyije imitwe yitwaje intwaro ihuriye ku ngengabitekerezo y’urwango ifitiye Abanye-Congo b’Abatutsi ayihuriza mu cyiswe Wazalendo, yongeraho FDLR, ingabo z’Abarundi, abacanshuro bo mu Burayi ndetse n’ingabo z’ibihugu by’Umuryango wa Afurika y’Amajyepfo, SADC.

Tshisekedi yizera ko ihuriro ry’izo ngabo rizarasa kuri M23 kugeza imanitse amaboko.

Abasesenguzi bavuga ko M23 itapfa kumanika aboko kuko mu gihe impamvu irwanira itarumvwa, nta yandi mahitamo ifite uretse kurwana. Ishyize intwaro hasi icyo irwanira kitarakemuka, abaturage irengera bashiraho.

Nyuma y’uruzinduko yagiriye muri RDC mu Ugushyingo 2022, Intumwa idasanzwe y’Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, ishinzwe ibyo gukumira Jenoside, Alice Wairimu Nderitu yavuze ko yatewe impungenge n’uburyo imvururu mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari zirushaho gufata indi ntera, mu gihe aka karere ari ko kabereyemo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, mu Rwanda.

Nderitu yashimangiye ko invururu zikomeje gufata indi ntera mu burasirazuba bwa RDC zifite imizi ku bagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda bahungiye muri ako gace, bakaharema imitwe yitwaje intwaro nka FDLR, ikomeje kuhakorera ibyaha byibasira inyokomuntu.

Amabuye y’agaciro yarutishijwe amaraso y’Abanye-Congo

Impuruza ya Nderitu isa n’iyasanze imiryango mpuzamahanga n’ibihugu by’ibihangange ku Isi byaramaze kuvunira ibiti mu matwi.

Si uko ibyo yavuze bitumvikana, ahubwo ni uko yasubiragamo ibyo basanzwe bazi birengagiza nkana ku bw’inyungu z’ubukungu bafite mu burasirazuba bwa RDC.

Mu Ugushyingo 1999, Umuryango w’Abibumbye, wafashe umwanzuro wo kohereza ingabo ngo zijye mu butumwa bwo kugarura amahoro n’umutekano muri ako gace. Ubwo butumwa bwiswe MONUC bukaza guhindurirwa izina bukitwa MONUSCO muri Nyakanga 2010, kuhagera kwabwo kwabaye nko kumena lisansi mu muriro waka.

Ubwo butumwa butakazwaho arenga miliyari 1$ buri mwaka, aho guhosha imvururu zari zikomeje guhitana ubuzima bw’amagana y’abasivile, bwarebeye ndetse bugira uruhare mu itangizwa ry’indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro iva kuri itanu yabarurwaga mbere ya 2000, igera ku isaga 260 ibarurwa magingo aya.

Imwe muri iyo mitwe ni yo irinda umutekano w’ibirombe by’amabuye y’agaciro bicukurwamo n’ibigo by’Abanyaburayi, iby’Abanyamerika, ndetse n’ibya Afurika y’Epfo ari nayo mpamvu iki gihugu cyakomeje gukora iyo bwabaga ngo ingabo za SADC zishinge imizi mu burasirazuba bwa RDC.

Raporo y’Impuguke za Loni kuri RDC yasohowe mu Ukuboza 2023, yagaragaje ko kuva muri Gicurasi 2023, imitwe yibumbiye mu cyiswe Wazalendo yagiye igenzura ibirombe bitandukanye.

Izo mpuguke zatanze urugero rwa “General” Mutayombwa uyobora Nyatura, wagenzuraga ibirombe by’ahitwa Gakombe, hakagira ibyo agenerwa mu bihacukurwa.

Zanagaragaje ko zabonye abasivile baha ikaze abarwanyi ba Wazalendo mu birombe bya Rubaya, zinasobanurako muri ako gace abarwanyi ba Wazalendo bahoraga bakorana inama z’umutekano n’abayobozi mu ngabo za RDC barimo uwitwa Selkali Bihame.

Amakuru avuga ko impamvu nyamukuru Perezida Cyril Ramaphosa yohereje abasirikare benshi mu butumwa bwa SADC muri RDC, ari uko ikigo cya South African Mining Development Association (MIASA) cyari gikeneye kubona uko kigera ku birombe bya Rubaya, ari nayo mpamvu ingabo za SADC zirwana cyane ari ho zerekeza.

Mu ntambara y’ingufu zitangiza ibidukikije ikomeje guhanganisha ibihugu bifite ubukungu buteye imbere, amabuye akenewe cyane nka lithium, nickel, cobalt, magnesium, na copper; yatumye bijya guhanganira muri RDC kuko ayo mabuye yose ahaboneka.

Ibigo bikora ubucukuzi bw’amabuye bikanayacuruza byo mu bihugu by’u Burayi na Amerika, bihanze amaso RDC, igihugu ibigo byo mu Bushinwa bisanzwe bifitemo ibirombe byinshi. U Burusiya nabwo ni uko, burahashaka imari.

Uko RDC ikomeza kubamo akavuyo n’imvururu, ni ko ibyo bihugu bikomeza koroherwa no kugera ku birombe mu buryo butabigoye, bigasahurira mu nduru.

Umutekano mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, washyira akadomo ku nyungu z’ibihugu byinshi bihashakira ubukire, ikaba impamvu bitarazwa ishinga n’imyanzuro iganisha ku gisubizo kizana amahoro arambye muri ako gace.

Abasesenguzi basanga umutekano muke mu burasirazuba bwa RDC uterwa n’imiyobore mibi no kubura ubushake bwa politiki.