Hashingiwe ku busabe bwa Perezida Félix Tshisekedi wa RDC, aba bakuru b’ibihugu bafashe umwanzuro wo kohereza ingabo mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, washyizwe mu bikorwa mu Ukuboza 2023, ubwo hoherezwagayo iza Afurika y’Epfo, Tanzania na Malawi.

Ubwo bafataga uyu mwanzuro, hari hashize amezi atandatu muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru hakorera ingabo z’Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC) zari zifite inshingano yo kwitambika impande zihanganye kugira ngo zijye mu mishyikirano.

Kuva mu Ukuboza 2022 kugeza muri Gicurasi 2023, ingabo za EAC zagenzuraga 80% by’ibice byose umutwe witwaje intwaro wari warafashe muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru. Ibi byaremye agahenge kamaze igihe kirekire hagati y’impande zihanganye, kafashije abaturage gukomeza ibikorwa bibateza imbere.

Ntabwo ubutegetsi bwa Tshisekedi bwanyuzwe n’umusaruro w’ingabo za EAC kuko bwo bwifuzaga ko zarenga ku nshingano zahawe n’abakuru b’ibihugu byo muri uyu muryango, zikarwanya M23.

Nyuma yo gusohoka mu cyumba cy’inama y’abakuru b’ibihugu bya EAC yabereye i Bujumbura tariki ya 4 Gashyantare 2023, Tshisekedi yamenyesheje Gen. Maj. Jeff Nyagah wayoboraga izi ngabo ko nizitarwanya M23 nk’uko abaturage babyifuza, zizirukanwa.

Uyu Mukuru w’Igihugu wasaga n’utongana kandi arakaye, yagize ati “Ntimukorohereze M23. Byaba biteye isoni abaturage babibasiye. Mwaje kudufasha, ntabwo mwaje kugira ibi bibazo. Mwitondere ibi, mukorane n’abaturage.”

Nubwo ubutegetsi bwa Tshisekedi bwanenze umusaruro w’ingabo za EAC bukanazirukana, Gen. Maj. Alphaxard Muthuri Kiugu wasimbuye Nyagah, yavuze ko zakoze akazi kazo neza, bigendanye n’ubutumwa zari zarahawe n’abakuru b’ibihugu by’akarere.

Uretse kuba ingabo za EAC zararinze umutekano w’abaturage mu bice byose wagenzuraga muri teritwari eshatu zo muri iyi ntara, Gen. Maj. Kiugu yibukije ko zanafunguye imihanda minini irimo Nimero 1030 wo muri Masisi na Nimero 2 uhuza teritwari ya Nyiragongo na Rutshuru, urujya n’uruza rw’abantu n’ibicuruzwa rwari rwarahagaritswe n’imirwano rurasubukurwa.

Ubwo ubutegetsi bwa Tshisekedi bwafataga icyemezo cyo kwirukana ingabo za EAC, bwateye umugongo umwanzuro w’abakuru b’ibihugu byo muri uyu muryango wo gushyikirana na M23, buvuga ko butazashyikirana n’umutwe bwita uw’iterabwoba.

Ukwinjira kw’ingabo za SADC

Tariki ya 4 Mutarama 2024, Ubunyamabanga Bukuru bwa SADC bwatangaje ko inshingano y’ingabo za Afurika y’Epfo, Tanzania na Malawi ari “ugufasha Leta ya RDC kugarura amahoro n’umutekano mu burasirazuba bwa RDC byahungabanyijwe n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro.”

Ingabo za SADC zatangiye ubutumwa bwazo tariki ya 15 Ukuboza 2023. Byateganyijwe ko buzamara amezi 12, ashobora kongerwa hashingiwe ku cyemezo cy’abakuru b’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango.

Umwaka wa 2023 warangiye M23 yari imaze kwisubiza ibice byinshi byagenzurwaga n’ingabo za EAC, havuyemo bike byo muri Masisi byasigayemo iz’u Burundi nyuma y’amasezerano Tshisekedi yagiranye na Evariste Ndayishimiye muri Kanama 2023. Imirwano na yo yari yarasubukuwe muri teritwari zigize Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.

Ntabwo M23 yigeze ikangwa n’umurindi w’ingabo za SADC kuko kuva zagerayo, uyu mutwe wongereye imbaraga mu kwagura ibirindiro, noneho ufite intego yo gufata ibice byinshi bya RDC, birimo Umujyi wa Goma na Sake.

Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe ubutabazi (OCHA) ryatangaje ko mu cyumweru cya mbere cya Gashyantare 2024, abaturage bagera ku 42 000 bari bamaze guhunga imirwano ya M23 n’ihuriro ry’ingabo za RDC.

Ingabo za SADC zifatanyije n’iza RDC ndetse n’iza Loni mu gukumira abarwanyi ba M23 bashakaga gufata Umujyi wa Sake muri Gashyantare 2024. Kuva icyo gihe, uyu mutwe ugenzura imisozi iwukikije.

Tariki ya 30 Gicurasi 2024, ingabo za SADC zikomoka muri Afurika y’Epfo zongeye guhangana na M23 yashakaga gufata Sake, abasirikare bazo 33 barakomereka, undi yicwa n’ibikomere.

Mu itangazo ibiro by’ingabo za Afurika y’Epfo, SANDF, byashyize hanze hashyize icyumweru, byagize biti “SANDF yemeje ko tariki ya 30 Gicurasi 2024, abasirikare bayo bahanganiye na M23 i Sake, 33 barakomereka, undi yicwa n’ibikomere. Abakomeretse bajyanwe mu bitaro by’i Goma kandi bari koroherwa.”

Uretse gutakariza ku rugamba abasirikare benshi no kuhakura inkomere, nk’uko yabyitangarije kuva muri Mutarama 2024, SADC yatakaje n’intwaro z’ubwoko butandukanye n’ibikoresho birimo ibifaru bibiri n’ikamyo ya IVECO.

Ubushobozi bwa SADC bwabaye buke

Mu gihe intumwa za Loni zavugaga ko ubushobozi bwa M23 bwo guhangana n’ibitero byo ku butaka n’ibyo mu kirere bwarushagaho kwiyongera, zanagaragaje ko ingabo za SADC zagiye muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru zidafite ibikoresho bihagije.

Nyuma y’urugamba rukomeye ingabo za SADC zahuye na rwo muri Gashyantare 2024, Intumwa y’Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Loni ishinzwe amahoro, Jean Pierre Lacroix, yatangarije i Kinshasa ko MONUSCO yagejeje ku kanama k’uyu muryango icyifuzo cyo guha ingabo za SADC ibikoresho.

Byari byarateganyijwe ko hagati muri Nyakanga 2024 ari bwo ingabo za SADC zizaba zabonye ubushobozi zikeneye, ariko ntibyakunze kuko aka kanama ntabwo kari kabifasheho umwanzuro wa nyuma.

Ambasaderi Wungirije w’Agateganyo wa Amerika muri Loni, Stephanie Sullivan, muri Nyakanga 2024, yabwiye akanama k’uyu muryango gashinzwe umutekano ko ingabo za SADC zikwiye guhabwa ubufasha buke, butakwenyegeza intambara.

Yagize ati “Dushyigikiye ko ubufasha aka kanama gategeka ko MONUSCO iha misiyo ya SADC bukwiye kuba buke mu bice ikoreramo, hashingiwe ku nshingano za MONUSCO, hatabayeho kurenga ku butumwa bwayo [MONUSCO] n’ubushobozi bwayo.”

Icyemezo cy’akanama ka Loni cy’uko MONUSCO iha ingabo za SADC ubufasha cyafashwe bidasubirwaho tariki ya 7 Kanama 2024, ariko ngo ntibugomba gutandukira inshingano iyi misiyo y’amahoro ifite, kandi bugomba kugendera mu murongo w’ibiganiro bya Luanda bikomeje.

Umuyobozi w’agateganyo wa MONUSCO, Bruno Lemarquis, yasobanuye ko ubufasha ku ngabo za SADC buzibanda ku gushyigikira ibikorwa byo kurinda abasivili, ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi, gutwara inkomere, gufasha mu gutwara abasirikare ba SADC no kurinda umutekano wabo.

Umuryango mpuzamahanga ugaragaza ko ikibazo cyo muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru gikomeje kuzamba, ndetse ko M23 ishobora kwagurira ibirindiro mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Ni mu gihe muri rusange, abahunze imirwano mu burasirazuba bwa RDC bamaze kurenga miliyoni zirindwi.

Abakuru b’ibihugu bya SADC bateganya guhurira i Harare muri Zimbabwe tariki ya 17 n’iya 18 Kanama 2024. Mu byo bazaganiraho harimo n’umusaruro w’ingabo z’uyu muryango muri RDC, gusa mu bigaragara ko ntawo kuko intego zihaye ntizayigezeho.

Amahanga agaragaza ko ibiganiro binyuze mu nzira ya politiki kandi bidaheza impande zirebwa n’amakimbirane ari byo bishobora guhagarika intambara yo muri RDC, gukoresha imbaraga za gisirikare byo bikaba byayenyegeza aho kuyishyira ku iherezo.

Ingabo za EAC zagenzuraga 80% by'ibice M23 yari yarafashe muri Kivu y'Amajyaruguru

Mu mezi arindwi ashize, ingabo za SADC ntabwo zigeze zikura M23 mu byimbo

Akanama ka Loni kemereye MONUSCO guha SADC ubufasha budashobora kwenyegeza intambara