Uretse abazisura, hari benshi biyegurira kubungabunga inyamaswa no kuzirinda mu buzima bwabo bwose, bagasiga byose bakazisanga. Aha mvuze uwiswe Nyiramacibiri, Dian Fossey, yari yariyeguriye kwita ku ngagi zo mu Birunga, kugeza anahasize ubuzima.

Kaddu Sebunya, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa African Wildlife Foundation, imwe mu miryango minini ku isi ishinzwe kurengera inyamaswa, ni umwe muri abo bantu bahora bashishikajwe no kurengera urusobe bw’ibinyabuzima, umuhamagaro yiyumvisemo kera, ariko akaza kubona inzira yo kubikora nyuma.

Mu kiganiro The Long Form na Sanny Ntayombya, yagarutse ku rugendo rwe n’uko yiyeguriye ibyo kwita ku nyamaswa, umuvuno mushya yazanye mu kwita ku nyamaswa no guteza imbere ubukerarugendo, ejo hazaza h’ubushobozi bwo kubona inkunga yo kurengera ibidukikije, ndetse anagaruka ku mikoranire n’u Rwanda mu gusigasira ingagi ndetse no guhindura imibereho myiza y’abaturage bazituriye.

Kaddu Sebunya yavuze ko kugira ngo atangire urugendo rwo kwiyegurira kwita ku nyamaswa, ari uko yabonaga ahanini aho akomoka muri Uganda asa n’aho ari we ushishikajwe n’inyamaswa akabona abandi ni ibisanzwe, bimutera kwibaza uzarengera izo nyamaswa mu gihe bibaye ngombwa, cyane ko imiryango itari iya leta yageragezaga kubikora, ahanini yari iy’abazungu.

Yagize ati “Uko nakomezaga kwibaza icyo kibazo, ni ko nagiye nshaka ibisubizo. Nageze aho mbona hari imiryango itari iya Leta (NGOs) iri gukora, kandi yageragezaga gutanga ibisubizo kuri ibyo bibazo.”

“Naje kuba inshuti n’Abanyaburayi bamwe mu bakoraga muri iyo miryango mpuzamahanga ishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije. Ni bwo natangiye kumva byinshi ku byo bakora, nko kurinda ahantu kamere, inyamaswa, ndetse n’ubumenyi bwa siyansi buri inyuma yabyo. Nanjye naribwiye nti ‘iki ni cyo nshaka gukora,’ ariko nari nzi ko atari ibintu byoroshye kuri njye kuko ntari umushakashatsi wa siyansi.”

Kaddu yavuze ko yakomeje urwo rugendo nubwo yabanje gukorera ibindi bigo bitandukanye mu mirimo idafite aho ihuriye n’ibyo kurengera inyamaswa n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, ariko nyuma yaje kubisubiramo ndetse agirwa Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Africa Wildlife Foundation, umwanya akiriho na n’ubu.”

Ati “Rero ndi Umunyafurika wa mbere wabaye CEO wa Africa Wildlife Foundation, kandi no hanze yayo, ubwo nabaga CEO, kugeza n’ubu nta wundi Munyafurika nzi wigeze ayobora umuryango mpuzamahanga ukora ibikorwa byo kurengera ibidukikije.”

“Iyo ni yo nkuru y’uru rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije muri Afurika. Muri make, hafi ya 5% gusa y’imiryango idaharanira inyungu ikorera muri Afurika mu bijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije ni yo iyoborwa n’Abanyafurika. Ibyo ntibinshimisha, birambabaza. Ariko ni ishusho y’urwego rwayobowe cyane n’ubumenyi bwa siyansi, rwari rwarakuwe mu maboko y’Abanyafurika.”

Kaddu yavuze ko bahinduye umuvuno mu bijyanye no kurengera urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima

Yavuze ko urwego rwo kurengera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima muri Afurika rufite amateka mabi afite aho ahuriye n’ubukoloni, aho wasangaga abakoloni batunganya za pariki n’ibyanya by’inyamaswa nk’uuryo bwo kwigizayo Abanyafurika no kugira ngo badaturana na bo, bityo akavuga ko ayo mateka ashobora kuba ari yo mpamvu Abanyafurika benshi batisanga muri urwo rwego.

Ati “Uburyo bwa gikoloni, nko kuvuga ngo aha ni agace karinzwe, ugashyiraho abarinzi bitwaje intwaro, imodoka, radiyo, imyambaro, amahugurwa… hakiyongeraho no gushyiraho urukuta rw’amashanyarazi, byose birahenze cyane. Kubungabunga agace kangana na 1 km², hakenerwa hafi 3.000$ buri mwaka. Ugereranyije na Pariki ya Serengeti ingana n’u Rwanda, ntabwo ushobora kuyitaho ukoresheje iyo nzira.”

“Amafaranga yakenewaga gucunga pariki 8.000 muri Afurika abarirwa hagati ya miliyari 3$ na 5$, nta gihugu gifite ayo mafaranga. Ikibabaje, nubwo iyo model ikoreshwa, imyaka irenze 30 irerekana ko nta musaruro wayo. Inyamaswa nka inzovu, intare, inkura zarimo zishira, kandi urwo rwego rurahenze. Ni yo mpamvu twahisemo uburyo bushya.”

Yavuze ko uburyo nk’ubwo ari bumwe mu bwagiye bukoreshwa n’abarengera inyamaswa, baba abadakomoka muri Afurika ndetse n’Abanyafurika bamwe na bamwe. Yagaragaje ko we na AWF bari mu rugendo rwo kuzana impinduka mu buryo urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rwitabwaho, bo ahanini bahera ku guhindura imyumvire y’abaturage baturiye ibyanya by’inyamaswa, hanyuma na bo bakagira uruhare mu kubibungabunga.

Ati “Hari uburyo bwinshi bwakoreshejwe mu kubungabunga ibidukikije. Twe twizera ko kubibungabunga bidakwiye kurebwa nk’intego yonyine, ahubwo bigomba kugira umumaro mu bukungu, muri politiki no mu mibereho y’abaturage. Iyo ibyo bintu bitatu bitubahirijwe, ntibiba byuzuye.”

Yavuze ko mu mateka y’iyubakwa ry’uburinzi bw’ibidukikije muri Afurika, uburyo bushingiye ku bantu ari bwo buzana impinduka z’ukuri. Yagaragaje ko kubungabunga ibidukikije bigomba gushingira ku mibanire myiza hagati y’abantu n’inyamaswa.

Ati “Ntukoreshe imbunda ngo urengere ingagi, ahubwo fasha abaturage gufatanya n’inyamaswa, babone ko kubaho kwazo bifite agaciro. Iyo umuturage akeneye ifaranga, agaha agaciro igitunguru cyangwa inkoko kurusha ingagi, ni ngombwa gukoresha ibindi bisubizo.”

Kaddu yavuze ko mu kubungabunga inyamaswa, abaturage bagomba guhindurwa imyumvire bakabigira ibyabo

Ibyakozwe mu Rwanda

Yagarutse ku buryo AWF yakoresheje mu Rwanda ubwo yafataga inshingano zo kwita kuri pariki zitandukanye z’igihugu mu gihe cy’intambara, na nyuma kugeza ubwo yatangiye gukorana na RDB, batangiye kubaka ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku nyungu z’umuturage.

Ati “Twubatse lodge ya mbere mu Rwanda yiswe Sabyinyo Lodge, tubanje gukora koperative yitwa SACOLA ishingiye ku baturage bo muri Musanze. Twasabye Leta ko iyo lodge itahabwa umushoramari, ahubwo ikaba iy’iyo koperative. Leta yarabyemeye.”

Yavuze ko bitewe n’urwego yari iriho, abaturage basanzwe batanabifitemo ubumenyi batari kubasha gucunga iyo lodge ubwabo, bityo ko bazanye abakozi babizoberyemo kugira ngo bite ku bakiliya bayo, bishyura arenga 1.200$ ku ijoro, bityo ugasanga ku mwaka lodge irasigarana inyungu y’ari hagati y’ibihumbi 300$ n’ibihumbi 500$.

Yavuze ko muri izo nyungu, abaturage bagiye bihitiramo ibikorwa bagomba gukoresha ayo mafaranga, aho bahereye ku kubakira inzu abakecuru b’incike, hanyuma banatangiza ikigo cy’imari giciriritse, bubaka ishuri ribanza, ariko bashyiraho n’uburyo bwo kwishyurira abana kujya kwiga ahandi. Avuga ko ibyo byatumye abaturage badasubira kujya guhiga muri Pariki y’Ibirunga.

Yavuze ko ibyo byasabye guhindura imyumvire y’abo baturage, kugira ngo bumve icyabagirira umumaro kurusha ikindi, kuko ubuso bwubatsweho iyo lodge iyo bukomeza guhingwaho ibirayi, bari kujya babona byibuze inyungu ya 3.000$ ku mwaka kuri hegitare, ariko ubu bafite lodge ibinjiriza miliyoni zirenga 300 Frw kuri hectare 12.

Yavuze ko ibyo byaozwe bigatanga umusaruro ndetse bikanatuma ingagi zitekana zitangirira kororoka cyane, noneho havuka ikibazo cy’ubuso budahagije bwa Pariki, ikibazo bagaragarijwe na RDB, kugira ngo bafatanye gushaka igisubizo.

Yavuze ko uburyo bumwe bwashobokaga bwari ubwo kugurira abaturage bamwe bakimurwa, pariki ikagurwa ingagi zikabona umwanya uhagije, kuko ubucucike bwari butangiye gutuma zicana hagati yazo kugira ngo zigumane ibikingi byazo.

Yavuze ko Africa Wildlife Foundation yari ifite ubutaka burenga hegitari 27 mu Kinigi, nyuma ikabuha RDB kugira ngo yagurireho pariki y’Ibirunga.

Ati “Ariko hari uruhande rw’abatekerezaga ko ubwo butaka bwashoboraga guhabwa abahinzi, bagatanga umusaruro wo kurwanya inzara no kugaburira abaturage bagenda biyongera.”

Yongeyeho ati “Twari dukwiye gutekereza uburyo butuma ingagi zibaho neza, ariko n’abaturage bakabona inyungu. Abaturage batuye hafi ya pariki twabashishikarije guhindura inzira y’ubukungu bwabo, aho guhinga ibirayi gusa, bagashyiraho ubuhinzi bw’imigano. Imigano ni ifunguro ry’ingagi, ariko ushobora kuwukoramo umupira mwiza wambarwa, ushobora kuwukoramo intebe nziza cyangwa ameza akomeye, ushobora kuwukoramo agasakoshi k’ubwizabuhebuje, ushobora no kuwukoramo ibikoresho byifashishwa mu kubaka inzu zigezweho.”

Yavuze ko abaturiye pariki bakwiye gukomeza kwigishwa kugira ngo bayoboke inzira yindi itari ugushakira ubukungu mu guhinga ibirayi gusa, ahubwo bagahinga n’imigano.

Ati “Iyo bahahinze imigano, baba banatanga umusanzu mu kwagura Pariki y’Igihugu, kuko ingagi ziza kuyirya. Icyo gihe ikibazo gisigaye ni uko ukeneye uburyo bwo gucunga ubwo busabane. Ni gute wategura uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije ku buryo habaho politiki yemerera ingagi kuza kurya imigano. Ingagi zo ziriria ibibabi nta bwo ziwurandura, kandi n’abantu bashobora kuwukoresha. Iyo niyo politiki bita politiki yo gusangira ibidukikije.”

Yavuze ko ufatiye urugero ku butaka bahaye RDB kwaguriraho pariki, banabukoresheje mu rwego rwo kugenzura uko iyo gahunda yakorwa.

Ati “Twabuhaye RDB mu izina rya Leta y’u Rwanda, kandi twanazanye ubwoko bw’imigano bushya. Mu gihe kitageze no ku mwaka umwe nyuma yo kuyihinga, ingagi zatangiye kuhaza kuza kurya. Hariho camera zashyizwe ku butaka, kugira ngo tugenzure, ni bwo twavuze tuti bya bintu birakora.”

“Ubu rero, turi gukorana na Leta y’u Rwanda mu rwego rwo kwagura pariki no gukomeza gukoresha iyi nzira. Nubwo hari ubundi buryo butandukanye bw’ubukungu,
Ubuhinzi bw’imigano ni imwe mu bishya turimo kwifashisha.”

Yavuze ko bakoze igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka ku buso bwose bwegereye iyo pariki, babyereka Leta y’u Rwanda mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, berekana ibice byazajya byuzura amazi, ibice bikwiye guturwamo, ahagenewe ubuhinzi, ndetse n’ahandi babona haterwa amashyamba.

Ati “Hari n’uduce twagenewe ubukerarugendo kuko uko ingagi ziyongera, ni ko n’amahirwe yo gukurura ba mukerarugendo yaguka. Ba mukerarugendo bashobora kuza kuzireba, ibyo ni byo bita ahazaza h’uburyo bushya bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije.”

“Turimo kuzana ibihingwa bifite agaciro gakomeye ku isoko, binyuze mu bufatanye n’abaturage ndetse na Leta y’u Rwanda. Turi kongera umusaruro ku rwego rw’ingo, rimwe na rimwe bikagera kuri 700% y’izamuka, binyuze muri ibyo bihingwa bishya bifite agaciro.”

Ingagi zo mu Birunga zigenda zirushaho kororoka kuko abaturage bagize ibyabo igikorwa cyo kuzirinda

Kaddu Sebunya yavuze ko bamaze gukora igishushanyo mbonera cya Kinigi cyafasha mu kwagura ubukerarugendo