Nubwo banyuze mu mage akomeye, abanyarwanda bagaragaje imbaraga zihambaye zo kudaheranwa n’agahinda, ahubwo bagakenyera bagakomeza bagaharanira kubaho neza. Ntawabura kwishimira ibyiza u Rwanda rumaze kugeraho mu kunga ubumwe, umutekano mu gihugu no mu mahanga, isuku, ndetse n’ibikorwa fatizo by’iterambere nko gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, kubaka imihanda n’inyubako za kijyambere.

Aho abanyarwanda tugana ni heza, ariko kandi urugendo ruracyari rurerure. Hari ibintu 10 bijyanye n’imitekerereze, imikorere, ndetse n’imiyoborerere bikwiye guhinduka kugira ngo igihugu cyacu gikomeze kuba ingeri.

1. Udutebe tuzingwa mu modoka zitwara abantu

Ikintu cya mbere kibabaza umuntu wese ukatishije itike cyane cyane ijya mu ntara, ni ugusanga umwanya we ari kariya gatebe ko hagati bazinga. Uretse kuba ubwako kaba kadafashe neza, bityo umuntu akamera nk’aho yicaye yihengetse, hiyongeraho ko ugenda uhaguruka inzira yose, ubisa abicaye inyuma bashaka gusohoka. Ikibabaje ni uko hejuru yo kugenda wicaye nabi, ukikijwe imizigo, uba wanarishye angana n’ay’abandi.

Utu dutebe ntitwujuje ubuziranenge, dushobora no kuviramo abantu indwara z’igihe kirekire nk’umugongo. Imodoka zitwara abantu, cyane cyane izijya kure, zari zikwiye kuzatuvanwamo cyangwa umuntu akariha nka 1/3 cy’itike.

2. Urusaku rukabije mu modoka na gare

Mu minsi yashize ikibazo cy’urusaku mu nsengero ndetse no mu tubari cyari cyarahagurikiwe. Iyi yari intambwe nziza, kandi igikomeje kuko hari abakirenga kuri iri tegeko nkana cyangwa kubera ubutamenya.

Mu magare cyane cyane Nyabugogo, ndetse no mu modoka zitwara abantu, usanga bacuranga indirimbo cyangwa imipira n’urubuga rw’imikino bitarangira [Kuba abanyarwanda ibiganiro bibashishikaje cyane ari urubuga rw’imikino n’imiziki ubwabyo biteye kwibazaho, ariko iyo ni inkuru y’undi munsi].

Iyo ugize ibyago byo kwicara hafi y’indangururamajwi, ujyera iyo ugera umutwe ugiye kumeneka. Hari ubwo radiyo y’imodoka iba ivuga, abagenzi bamwe nabo bafunguye izabo kuri telefone. Hari na radiyo ya gare nayo icuranga ubutitsa.

Uru rusaku rukabije rwari rukwiye kugabanywa kuko uretse no kuba rwagira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu, ruvutsa uburenganzira abifuza umutuzo. Amatangazo ya gare yatangwa, ndetse no kwamamaza bigakorwa, ariko mu buryo butabangamira abahisi n’abagenzi.

3. Kuvanga indimi

Bisigaye byarabaye icyorezo kuvangitiranya indimi mu nteruro imwe. Imvugo nka ‘iyo issue tuzayishakira résolution’ zireze. Imivugire nk’iyo twarayakiriye, ubu rwose niyo itubangukira. Muri iyi si ya none si igitangaza kuba umuntu avuga ururimi rurenze rumwe. Byongeye kandi, kubera amateka y’abanyarwanda yatumye benshi baba mu mahanga, ubu u Rwanda ni isangano ry’indimi nyinshi.

Ibi ubwabyo ni amahire, kuko kuvuga indimi nyinshi bituma ubwonko buhora bukora, kandi bikagurira umuntu inzira zo kwiteza imbere kurushaho. Igiteye impungenge ni uko bene uku kuvanga indimi bidushuka ntihagire ururimi na rumwe tumenya binononsoye, ndetse n’ikinyarwanda cyacu tukakiremaza, bikagera n’aho bamwe bumva no kukivuga bibateye ipfunwe.

Ikinyarwanda ni ingobyi y’umuco, kizingiyemo amateka, kandi ni umurage wacu dukwiye gusigasira tukazawuraga abacu nk’uko natwe twawurazwe. Nibyo koko hari amagambo y’indimi z’amahaga adahwana neza n’ikinyarwanda, dushiritse ubute twayashaka, byaba ngombwa tukayahanga.

4. Kwitwa amazina y’inkomoko za kizungu cyangwa cyarabu

Twavuga dute ko twigaranzuye ubukoloni kandi tukita abana bacu amazina tutazi inkomoko, yemwe akenshi tutazi icyo avuze n’uko avugwa. Umuco nyarwanda utubwira ko “izina ari ryo muntu”, ubwo iyo wiswe icyo utazi uba ubaye iki? Izina ni cyo kirango cya mbere, bityo rishobora kukugiraho ingaruka kuko urikwita ndetse n’abaguhamagara baba bakwaturiraho icyo iryo zina rivuze.

Abanyarwanda hafi ya twese twitwa amazina y’abazungu cyangwa abarabu. Ikibabaje n’uko hari n’abumva ariyo bakunze kurusha ayabo y’ikinyarwanda. Amadini nka Gatolika na Islam agena ko abayoboke bitwa amazina runaka. Ku bagatorika, ahenshi udashyizeho izina ry’umutagatifu ntubatizwa. Ibi bintera kwibaza nti: “uwo mutagatifu yabaye we kuko yitwaga nk’undi mutagatifu, cyangwa ni ibikorwa bye byatumye ahindurwa umutagatifu?”.

Ese ko nshimye wenda abayoboke b’aya madini babiterwa n’imyemerere yabo, abandi bo batayabarizwamo kuki bo bitwa ayo mazina mva mahanga?

Ubu bukoloni bushingiye ku izina nibwo budukoropa mu mitwe, tukaguma twumva iby’iwacu ari bibi, cyangwa se bitakigezweho, bikanatuma twumva ko n’iyo Mana, hari abatoni bayo kuturusha, bigatuma twumva ko twe turi munsi yabo.

5. Gukererwa bya karande

Imvugo ngo “isaha y’abanyafurika” yasakaye hose, rwose ubu yabaye ngiro. Kuba umuhango cyangwa ibirori runaka bitangiriye igihe, biba igitangaza. Usanga ibikorwa byose byatindijwe ngo hategerejwe abashyitsi bakuru. No mu bukwe ni uko, abatumirwa banga kuhagera abageni bataraza, n’abageni bakanga kwinjira abatumirwa bataraza, ni uko amazi yatembye akaba ageze kure.

Nyamara si ko byahoze. Ntabwo abanyafurika cyangwa abanyarwanda bahoze batya, bari ba ruticumugambi, kandi bangaga umugayo. Ibi umuntu abibonera mu giturage, nk’iyo hari inama cyangwa indi mihango, abantu bahagera kare cyane. Bigaragaza ko gukererwa ari imyitwarire mishya y’abiyita abanyamujyi.

Twari dukwiye rero kwikubita agashyi, tukazirikana ko umwanya wagiye utagaruka, kandi ko kubahiriza igihe ari ubupfura, akaba ari ifatizo ry’iterambere ry’umuntu ku giti cye, ndetse n’igihugu muri rusange.

6. Imikorere idahwitse

Akazi mu Rwanda ahenshi gatangira saa moya za mugitondo kakageza saa kumi n’imwe z’umugoroba. Uteranyije aya masaha, wakwemeza ko abanyarwanda bari mu bambere bakora cyane ku isi. Ariko usesenguye wasanga atari ko biri.

Amasaha menshi bamwe bayamara ku mbuga nkoranya mbaga, abandi biganirira, abandi mu matiku, mbese wa mugani w’ab’ubu ugasanga koko “Karushya isaba”. N’abikorera ku giti cy’abo, iyi ngeso urayibasangana. Aho ujya kugura ikintu, uwakagusanganije inseko n’ibisobanura birambuye, akakwakiza agasuzuguro no kukwihorera. Cyangwa wasaba nk’icyo gufungura, bakazakikugezaho warambiwe.

Wagira ngo urabacyashye kubw’imyitwarire mibi, bakagusabiza nta nkomyi bati: “Ni ukwihangana”. Ahandi ho usanga, mu bantu icumi, umwe ariwe ukora neza, akora ke, n’akabasigaye.

Ubundi gukora neza si ukubyuka iyarubika, ugataha igicuku, yemwe si no kotsa abantu igitutu ngo bave kuri ziriya mbuga nkoranyambaga, ahubwo ni uko buri mukozi wese ashyirwa mu mirimo afitiye ubushobozi, kandi akamenya ko haba inkurikizi igihe cyose akoze nabi nkana.

Hari uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bwerekana imikorere y’umuntu n’aho agejeje imihigo ye. Bwakwifashishwa, n’uko ukora neza akagororerwa. Ibi byatuma abantu bakora neza mu gihe gikwiye, kandi bakabona n’umwanya wo kwihugura, kwiyitaho no kwita ku miryango.

7. Kudafata neza amazi

Umubumbe w’isi urangwa n’ibara ry’ubururu kuko amazi agize 70% by’awo. Amazi na none agize 60% by’umubiri w’umuntu. Ibi bivuze ko amazi ari ubuzima nk’uko bigaragazwa n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima biba ku isi tutarabona ku yindi migabane.

Nubwo amazi ari menshi, kandi tukaba tutabaho adahari, ayo abantu babasha gukoresha agera kuri 2.5% by’amazi yose, kuko muyasigaye, amenshi ni ay’inyanja, akaba agira umunyu mwinshi utuma adapfa kunyobwa cyangwa ngo yuhizwe imyaka. Umubare w’abantu ku isi ugenda wiyongera, ariko amazi meza yo ntiyiyongera ahubwo agenda ahumanywa bikabije.

U Rwanda rufite amahirwe yo kuba ruherereye mu gace k’ibiyaga bigari, kandi rukibona imvura nyinshi rukesha amashyamba y’imisozi miremire. Gusa ibi ntibihagije, kuko inzuzi, imigezi, n’ibiyaga byahinduye ibara kubera itemwa ry’amashyamba abikikije, imihingire itera isuri, kuyicukuramo umucanga, ndetse no kogerezamo amabuye y’agaciro.

Ibi bituma abantu bavoma ibirohwa, kandi n’ibinyabuzima by’ayo mazi nk’amafi, ibikeri n’inyoni bihakenyukira. N’amazi y’imvura yakabaye yifashishwa, asigaye ateze imyuzure, akangiza imyaka, agatwara abantu n’ibintu, kubera ahanini iyangizwa ry’ibishanga.

Gukemura iki kibazo bisaba kumva neza agaciro k’amazi, maze hagafatwa ingamba zihamye nko gutera ibiti gakondo n’urubingo ku nkengero z’imigezi n’ibiyaga, gufata neza amazi y’imvura, andi agakorerwa inzira kuburyo atangiza ibintu cyangwa atembane ubutaka, guhinga no kubuka mu buryo burengera ibidukikije, ndetse no gukurikiza amategeko abuza guhinga ku nkengero z’amazi atemba no kwangiza ibishanga.

Bizanasaba imishyikirano ihamye n’ibihugu by’ibituranyi mu gukurikiza amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu kwita ku mazi.

8. Iterwa ry’ibimera mva mahanga

U Rwanda rumaze kwigaragaza ku ruhando mpuzamahanga nk’igihugu kimirije imbere ibungabunga ry’ibidukikije. Ibi ni byiza kandi birakwiye dore ko hafi 80% by’ibimera cyimeza mu bice byinshi by’igihugu byashizeho. Hari umunya-Australia wakandagiye mu Rwanda bwa mbere, bibanza kumutonda kumva ko atari iwabo.

Ibi yabitewe no kubona ubwiganze bw’ibiti by’inturusu aho yatemberaga hose mu gihugu [Ubwoko bw’inturusu bwinshi bukomoka mu gihugu cya Ostralia]. Ibikorwa hafi ya byose byo gutera amashyamba, ibivangwa n’imyaka cyangwa iby’imitako, usanga byibanda ku biti mva mahanga, nk’inturusu, Gerevariya na Jacaranda. Nyamara ibiti bya Kinyarwanda nk’iminyinya, imivumu n’imiko bigatemwa umunsi ku wundi. Si ibiti gusa no mu bihingwa ni uko.

Kubona isogi cyangwa ibisusa ntibicyoroshye. Nyamara ibihingwa nyarwanda nibyo usanga biberanye n’ubutaka, bitarwaragurika kandi byihanganira izuba.

Tugarutse ku biti, nibyo koko inturusu na za pinusi zirafasha cyane cyane ku kibazo cyo gucana kuko zikura vuba, ariko mu gihe kirekire zangiza ubutaka. Abahanga bakunze kuzita “ubutayu bw’icyatsi” kuko zikurura amazi, kandi zikanasohora ibinyabutabire bibuza ibindi bimera gukura hafi yazo.

Imbogamizi ikunze kuvugwa ku iterwa ry’ibiti nyarwanda ni ukudafata. Ariko iyo urebye impamvu nyamukuru, usanga biba byatewe huti huti, ahantu hadatunganyije, kandi ntibikurikiranwe.

Dukwiye rero gushyira umwete mu gutera no kwita ku bimera gakondo, mu rwego rwo gufata neza ubutaka, kubungabunga ibinyabuzima no guhangana n’ihumana ndetse n’imihindagurike y’ikirere. Kugirango twihaze mu mirire, ubushakashatsi mu kugarura no kuvugurura imbuto gakondo bwashyigikirwa.

Intego si uguca ibimera byose mva mahanga, ahubwo ni ugutera ibikenewe, kwirinda ibyangiza, no kubungabunga ibimera gakondo.

9. Gushyiraho ibyemezo bugacya bisohozwa

Kugira amategeko ndetse n’imirongo migari abaturage bagenderaho ni ingenzi mu miyoborere y’urwego urwari rwo rwose. Aho amategeko adakurikizwa, higanza akavuyo, akarengane, n’ibindi byaha binyuranye, bigatuma igihugu kidindira. Ariko na none, kugira amategeko n’amabwiriza aboneye ni kimwe, no kuyashyira mu bikorwa kuburyo atanga umusaruro n’ikindi. Guhita amategeko ashyirwa mu bikorwa hatateganyijwe umwanya ukwiye wo kwitegura bikunze gukorwa cyane. Urugero ni mu burezi, aho amavugurura ajya aba, abarimu bakabwirizwa kuyakurikiza, kandi bigaragara ko batiteguye, nta bitabo n’imfashanyigisho bishya birabageraho.

Hari n’ubwo ibyemezo bishyirwaho, bikarangira bikoze no mu mpita gihe. Urugero ni ukuntu mu myaka ya 2008, abana babakobwa barangizaga amashuri y’isumbuye bafite amanota y’ikirenga, bemerewe ishimwe ryo kwigira kaminuza ubuntu. Ubwo iki cyemezo cyavanwagaho nyuma y’imyaka mike, nticyarebye abatangiye igihe cyafatiwe, ahubwo n’abacyera bisanze nabo bishyuzwa umwenda w’ikigo cy’igihugu cy’uburezi.

Kugirango rero abantu bumve agaciro k’amategeko, bayashyigikire bityo agire akamaro, birasaba ko hazajya habanza hakigwaho igihe n’uburyo bukwiye bwo kuyashyira mu bikorwa.

10. Imbyaro zitateganyijwe, n’izidateganyirizwa

Ukwibyara gutera ababyeyi ineza, kandi kubura urubyaro bitera agahinda. Gusa igisumba byose ni uburere, kuko burute ubuvuke.

Ni henshi mu Rwanda usanga imiryango itishoboye ari nayo ifite abana benshi. Hari na bamwe bababyara kugira ngo abo bana aribo bazabagoboka. Kumva ko urubyaro ari amaboko, cyangwa ari imari ushoye, kuko ubuzima bwakugoye, ni imyumvire iteye inkeke.

Uretse n’ingo zubatse, umubare w’abana bo mu mashuli abanza n’ayisumbuye batwara inda zitateganyijwe uri hejuru. Kubyara umwana utazitaho, cyangwa utazabana n’ababyeyi be bose ni ukumuvutsa uburenganzira bwe, ku mutera gukura nabi, n’ibikomere by’ubuzima.

Birakenewe rero ko abana cyane cyane b’abakobwa bigishwa ubuzima bw’imyororokere hakiri kare, nko ku myaka umunani. Bakamenya uko iminsi y’uburumbuke ibarwa, uko bakwirinda, ndetse n’ingaruka bagira igihe bishoye mu mibonano idakikingiye.

Ibi bigakorwa ku ishuli no mu rugo. Hari ababyeyi bibwira ko bene ibyo biganiro ari amahano, nyamara amahano asumbye ayandi ni igihe uwo mwana utagiriwe inama, cyangwa wabuze urwo rukundo rwa kibyeyi, azajya kurushaka k’uzamwangiriza ubuzima.

Ni na ngombwa ko buri mubyeyi amenya gutenganyiriza urubyaro rwe, ku buryo abana bazakura bafite iby’ibanze byose bakeneye. Bene abo nibo bafite amahirwe menshi yo kuvamo abantu nyabantu bazubaka igihugu kandi bagashyigikira ababyeyi mu zabukuru.

Umwanzuro

Ng’icyo igitekerezo ibintu icumi bikwiye guhinduka mu Rwanda, na bumwe mu buryo byakemurwa. Ibyinshi biroroshye kuko bisaba guhindura imyumvire, kubahana no koroherana, ndetse no kwisuzuma kenshi, kugirango umuntu atagendera mu kigare ngo akore ibyo abandi bakoze. Ibijyanye n’ibidukikije byo bizafata igihe, kandi bisabe guhozaho kuko guteganyiriza igihugu ntibikorerwa gahunda y’imyaka ibiri cyangwa itatu gusa, ahubwo imyaka magana.

Icyangombwa ni ugufatanyiriza hamwe, ntihabe guterere iyo ngo bizakorwa na leta gusa. Buri wese akoze igikwiye mu gihe gikwiye no mubushobozi bwe, uwiga akiga ibizagira akamaro, n’uwikorera agashaka amafranga ariko agira n’ikibazo kigaragara akemura, byazageza ku baturage bishimye, kandi bafite ubuzima buzira umuze.

Tuzirikane ko ibiri ku isonga mu kwinjiriza u Rwanda amadevizi ari ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku bidukikije, n’ubuhinzi. Ibi ntibizakomeza, tudafashe neza amazi, ubutaka, n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Buri wese rero biramureba, kandi ahari ubushake, haba n’ubushobozi.

Iyi nkuru ni igitekerezo cy’umusomyi wa IGIHE, bityo ko buri wese ashobora kutayumva kimwe n’undi. Ibyo nta kibi kirimo, icyangombwa ni ugusangira ijambo.

Yanditswe na Uwimbabazi Anne-Clarisse, ni impuguke mu iterambere ry’icyaro, akaba yikorera (consultancy) mu bijyanye n’iterambere rishingiye ku bidukikije mu karere ko munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara