Urugero rwa hafi mu baheruka kwitaba Imana, ni Michael Kenneth Williams wamamaye muri sinema muri Amerika wapfuye mu 2021 azize kurengwa n’ibiyobyabwenge. Uyu mugabo wari ufite imyaka 54 yazize uruvange rw’ibiyobyabwenge birimo urumogi, ‘Fentanyl’, ‘Mugo’ ndetse na ‘Parafluorofentanyl’.

Undi uheruka gushengura benshi ni Liam Payne wamamaye mu Itsinda rya ‘One Direction’ witabye Imana ahanutse muri hoteli yo muri Argentine ku wa 16 Ukwakira 2024.

Nyuma y’urupfu rw’uyu musore, isuzuma ryakozwe ryagaragaje ko yari yanyoye ibiyobyabwenge byo ku kigero cyo hejuru birenze ubushobozi bw’ubwonko bwe, bikaza gutuma yiyahura aturutse kuri ‘balcony’ y’igorofa rya gatatu yari acumbitsemo.

Mbere yo kwitaba Imana ariko, Payne yari amaze iminsi yiyemerera ko yabaye imbata y’ibiyobyabwenge ndetse anafite ibibazo byo mu mutwe.

Ntabwo ari aba gusa kuko urutonde ni rurerure kuko hari n’abandi benshi bamamaye muri Amerika no hanze yayo mu muziki bagiye bapfa urw’ingusho kubera kunywa ibiyobyabwenge bikarenga urugero, kugera aho bibananguye.

Mu Rwanda na ho hari benshi bagiye bafungwa ubutitsa bazira gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, ndetse ni na byo byahitanye Umuraperi Jay Polly nyuma yo kuvanga ibintu byabyaye ikinyabutabire cyitwa Methanol (Methanol alcohol intoxication) cyateye umutima we guhagarara.

Abandi barimo Fireman, Gisa cy’Inganzo, P-Fla, Generous 44 uheruka kuva i Iwawa n’abandi batandukanye na bo mu bihe bitandukanye; bagiye bisanga mu bihe bikomeye kubera gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, bamwe bagafungwa, abandi bakajyanwa mu bigo ngororamuco.

Fireman na n’ubu we n’ibiyobyabwenge ruracyari mbirimbiri kuko anaheruka kujya kwivuriza mu kigo ngororamuco cyo mu Karere ka Huye ho mu Majyepfo y’u Rwanda; guhera muri Mutarama uyu mwaka aho yamaze amezi abiri.

Raporo yashyizwe ahagaragara n’Ikigo ‘Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’ mu 2015, igaragaza ko koko ugereranyije n’izindi nganda, mu ruganda rw’imyidagaduro ari ho banywa ibiyobyabwenge ku kigero cyo hejuru.

Ni mu gihe kandi ‘Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy’ mu bushakashatsi yashyize hanze mu 2016, yagaragaje ko ibyamamare 300 byari byarapfuye hagati ya 1970 na 2015; bivuze ko kubera imyaka ishize ubu imibare ishobora yariyongereye kurusha uko byari bimeze muri icyo gihe cy’imyaka 10 ishize.

Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko imfu z’ibyamamare ziturutse ku biyobyabwenge mu Kinyejana cya 21, zikubye kabiri ugereranyije n’icyabanje. Abarenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibyamamare kiri muri ubu bushakashatsi, ni abari mu myidagaduro.

Ku ijanisha, ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abanyamuziki bari ku kigero cya 38,6%, naho abakinnyi ba filime banywa ibiyobyabwenge ku kigero cya 23,2%, aba-sportifs bakaba 15, 5%, abanditsi b’ibitabo n’ibindi ni 5,5%, mu gihe abanyamideli byari 5% naho abakora ubushabitsi byagaragajwe ko banywa ibiyobyabwenge ku kigero cya 4,5% mu gihe abanyapolitiki bo ari 1,4%.

Ubu bushakashatsi kandi bwerekanye ko mu bakinnyi ba filime bose bitabye Imana kubera ibiyobyabwenge, 13,7% bari abakinnyi ba filime z’urukozasoni.

Fireman wajyanywe i Iwawa mu myaka yashize azira ibiyobyabwenge, aheruka kujya kwivuriza mu kigo cya Huye aho yamaze amezi abiri akurikiranwa n'abaganga b'indwara zo mu mutwe

Ni iki gitera umuntu kuba imbata y’ibibyabwenge?

Ubu bushakashatsi bwa ‘Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy’, bugaragaza ko kubatwa n’ibibyabwenge mu byamamare bidaturuka ku mazina bafite ahubwo akenshi gusobanura ishusho nyayo ituma umuntu aba imbata yabyo biragorana.

Impamvu ibyamamare ari byo bimenyekana cyane bikanagira isura yo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyane, ni uku ari abantu bazwi kandi amazina yabo akenshi aba ahanzwe amaso, ku buryo kumucira urubanza byoroha cyane kurusha abandi bantu basanzwe.

Nta mpamvu n’imwe rukumbi itera umuntu kugwa mu kibazo cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge. Ahubwo ni ihuriro ry’impamvu zitandukanye zituma umuntu agira ibyago byo kubigwamo.

Ubu bushakashatsi buvuga ko bimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi bishobora gutuma umuntu yishora mu biyobyabwenge ari amateka y’umuryango. Abantu bakomoka mu miryango irimo abakoresheje ibiyobyabwenge baba bafite amahirwe angana na 50% yo kubigiraho ingeso.

Buvuga kandi ko imibereho y’umuntu na yo ishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu kumushora mu biyobyabwenge. Ibintu nk’umunaniro ukabije uterwa n’ubwoba (urugero: ubwoba bwo kuririmba cyangwa gukina imbere y’abantu benshi n’igitutu cyo gukora neza mu ruganda rw’imyidagaduro), igitutu cy’inshuti, ihangana rikomeye mu ruganda rw’imyidagaduro no kubona ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa inzoga byoroshye; byose bituma abari muri uru ruganda baba mu kaga ko kuba imbata zabyo.

Ikibazo gikomeye ni uko gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bihabwa isura nziza mu ruganda rw’imyidagaduro. Itangazamakuru rishobora kugaragaza ibyamamare nk’abantu bishimye mu buzima bwabo bw’umunezero, ibirori n’ubukire ariko ukuri ni uko benshi muri bo baba bafite ibibazo bikomeye bakeneye gufashwa. Ni yo mpamvu hari ibigo byihariye bivura ubu burwayi kugira ngo bafashwe gusubira mu buzima busanzwe, babashe kwikura muri iyo ngeso mbi.

Ibi bishimangirwa n’Umuyobozi w’Ikigo Icyizere Psychotherapeutic Center, umujyanama mu by’imitekerereze (Clinical Psychologist) akaba n’inzobere mu gukumira no kuvura ibibazo bijyanye no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, Jean Michel Iyamuremye, uvuga ko ibyamamare biba bifite ingorane nyinshi zo kunywa ibiyobyabwenge.

Uyu mugabo yavuze ko kimwe mu bituma ibyamamare bifata ibiyobyabwenge ku kigero cyo hejuru harimo no kugira akazi kenshi ndetse no kumva basabwa guhora bakora ibihangano byiza kurushaho.

Avuga ko ikindi ari ugukorera ahantu ibiyobyabwenge usanga bisa nk’aho byemewe ko abenshi babikoresha. Hari kandi kuba bafite ubushobozi bwo kubibona byoroshye, kuba akenshi usanga ibyamamare byinshi biba bifite izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe bibana na zo nka ‘Depression’, ‘Trauma’ na ‘Anxiety Disorders’ bityo bikaba bishobora kubifata byibwira ko bibafasha guhangana n’izo ndwara cyangwa se byumva bibivura.

Ikindi Iyamuremye avuga ni uko babikoresha kugira ngo bagire imbaraga zo gukora cyane, kwigana ibindi byamamare binywa ibiyobyabwenge ndetse no kuba usanga ibyamamare byinshi byisanga bisa nk’aho nta muntu ubyitaho ngo abe yabigira inama yo kujya kwivuza.

Ati “Akenshi gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bifite aho bihuriye n’ihungabana n’ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, cyane nk’abantu bagize ihungabana. Iyo batabashije kuvurwa hari igihe bakoresha ibiyobyabwenge kugira ngo basinzire cyangwa bumve bamerewe neza kurushaho, bibwira ko byabavura, bikazarangira barabaye imbata yabyo.”

Kimwe mu bigaragaza ko umuntu ari kuba imbata y’ibiyobyabwenge ni ukuba yatangiye gukoresha urugero rwinshi rwabyo ndetse n’inshuro abikoresha zikiyongera. Hari kandi ugutangira guhura n’ibibazo mu kazi cyangwa mu miryango biturutse ku ikoreshwa ryabyo, kumva umuntu atarara atabibonye ndetse no kubishyira ku mwanya wa mbere muri gahunda za buri munsi.

Ibyamamare byiganjemo abagabo bakoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyane kubera ko umubiri wabo ubasha guhangana na byo…

Iyamuremye yavuze ko abagabo bakoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyane kurusha abagore kuko ubwonko bwabo bubasha kubyihanganira kurusha abagore.

Ati “Uko ubyihanganira ni ko umuntu arushaho gufata byinshi mu gihe utabyihanganira aba afite amahirwe yo kubivaho. Abandi bantu usanga bafite abo mu gisekuru cyabo bagiye babikoresha na bo bakazisanga babikoresha.”

Ibi Iyamuremye avuga ntabwo biri kure y’ukuri, cyane ko utereye akajisho mu byamamare twavuze muri iyi nkuru, nko mu Rwanda gusa, usanga nta muhanzikazi cyangwa umukinnyi wa filime urajyanwa mu Kigo ngororamuco cya Iwawa ariko abahanzi b’abagabo bamwe kuri bo hakaba harabaye nko mu rugo.

Ikindi urebye no mu byamamare byagiye bipfa no muri Amerika n’ahandi ku Isi bizize ibiyobyabwenge, imibare iri hejuru cyane ni iy’abagabo. Ibi bikaba bigaragaza ko abakoresha ibiyobwenge ku kigero cyo hejuru ari abagabo.

Ibiyobyabwenge, imvano y’imfu za bamwe mu byamamare biyahuye…

Jean Michel Iyamuremye yavuze ko ingaruka z’igihe kirekire ibiyobyabwenge bigira ku buzima bwo mu mutwe bw’umuntu zirimo kuba yakwiyahura.

Ati “Muri izo ngaruka harimo guta ubwenge umuntu akaba nk’igicucu, agatakaza ubushobozi bwo gukora no kwiyitaho, indwara zo mu mutwe twavuze haruguru, hari abagira ikibazo cyo kumva amajwi adashira, guhinduka umunyabyaha agafungwa akibera muri gereza no gutakaza inshuti umuntu akaba igicibwa.”

“Hari kandi indwa zumubiri (umutima, impyiko, HIV ku bantu bitera inshinge cyane cyane, indwara z’ubuhumekero n’izindi) no kwiyahura umuntu akiyambura ubuzima kubera ko aba atacyikunda.”

Yaba ibyamamare cyangwa abantu basanzwe bagirwa inama yo kwirinda ikwirakwizwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge, kwirinda gushaka imbaraga ziturutse ku biyobyabwenge umuntu agakoresha ize, gukora siporo, kurya neza no kugira inshuti nziza zidakoresha ibiyobyabwenge.

Ni mu gihe leta yo isabwa gukaza ubukangurambaga bwo kwigisha ububi bwabyo.

Mu ntangiro z'uku kwezi, umuraperi Generous 44 yari mu rubyiruko rwasoje amasomo i Iwawa. Uyu musore yari yajyanyweyo kubera ibiyobyabwenge

Liam Payne wamamaye mu Itsinda rya ‘One Direction’, yitabye Imana ahanutse mu igorofa kubera ibiyobyabwenge yari yanyoye