Abashakashatsi bamaze imyaka ibarirwa mu binyacumi bakora iyo bwabaga ngo bagaragaze ibimenyetso by’uko ibivejuru bibaho, ariko n’ubu haracyibazwa ngo biba he?

Muri uko gukomeza gushaka amakuru atandukanye kuri byo, hari ibitekerezo 12 bimaze kugaragazwa hakomeza guhuzahuzwa ngo harebwe ko byaganisha ku bimenyetso bifatika, biganisha ku gisobanuro nyakuri cy’ibivejuru, imibereho yabyo, n’aho biherereye.

Mu myaka 60 ishize, mu ijoro rimwe Umunyamerika ukomoka mu Butaliyani, Enrico Fermi, yitegereje mu kirere arangije arabaza ati “Ese buri wese ari he?”

Byasobanuwe ko yarimo avuga ku bivejuru

Uyu munsi, abashakashatsi bazi ko mu Isanzure hari imibumbe ibarirwa muri za miliyari ishobora guturwaho n’ibinyabuzima. Gusa bakomeza kwibaza impamvu nta kinyabuzima na kimwe kiraturuka kuri umwe muri iyo mibumbe ngo gihurire n’abantu mu Isanzure, cyangwa bakibone bari ku Isi.

Hari abatekereza ko byaba biterwa n’uko Isanzure ari rigari cyane ku buryo bigoye ko bene ibyo binyabuzima bivuye ku yindi mibumbe byahura n’abantu.

Abandi batekereza ko ibyo bivejuru bishobora kuba bisuzugura abantu, cyangwa akaba ari ‘civilization’ ishobora kuba izangiza byinshi.

Hari n’abatekereza ko impamvu y’ibyo ishobora kuba ikomeye cyane kurusha iyo abantu bibwira

Bamwe bakeka ko impamvu abantu bataratahura iby’ibivejuru ari uko Isanzure rishobora kuba atari ryiza cyane ku binyabuzima, aho bibwira ko Isi yaba ifite umwihariko ugereranyije n’indi mibumbe ishobora guturwaho n’ibinyabuzima.

Ibyo ni ibintu utahamya, kuko hari n’abashakashatsi batekereza ko hashobora kuba hari indi mibumbe abantu bagiriraho ubuzima bwiza kurusha ku Isi, ko ahubwo ikibazo ari uko ku Isi ari ho honyine bazi.

Inyigo ibivugaho yo mu 2024, igaragaza ko mu Karere Isi ibarizwamo mu Isanzure, buri mu bumbe utandukanye n’indi yose isigaye.

Mu kugenzura ko ako Karere k’Isanzure Isi ibarizwamo gafite imiterere yihariye ituma ibinyabuzima byahatura neza, abashakashatsi bagereranyije uko inyenyeri zirema muri ako gace n’uko zirema ahandi hafite imiterere itandukanye.

Baje kuvumbura ko Akarere Isi irimo kagaragaramo inyenyeri nkeya ugereranyije n’izakabaye zihari, ibyo bashingiraho bemeza ko hari amahirwe make yo kuba ibivejuru byahaba.

Ibivejuru ntibitura ku mibumbe

Bitekerezwa ko buri bwoko bw’ibivejuru bukenera aho gutura nk’umubumbe habereye ibinyabuzima, ariko inyigo ya 2024 yerekanye ko bishobora kuba atari ihame ko biba bimeze uko buri gihe.

Muri iyo nyigo yamuritswe mu Kinyamakuru Astrobiology, abashakashatsi bagaragaje ko ikivejuru gishobora no kubaho kigendagenda mu Isanzure gusa nta mubumbe uhamye kibarizwaho.

Ibivejuru byihishe munsi y’inyanja

Hari n’abatekereza ko ibivejuru bishobora kuba byibera munsi y’amazi, ku mibumbe yakonje cyane.

Abashakashatsi barimo Alan Stern ukorera Urwego rw’Abanyamerika rushinzwe iby’Isanzure, NASA, bavuga ko nubwo aho hantu humvikana nk’ahagoye cyane kuhaba ariko bishoboka ko ubuzima bwahakomereza, cyane ko ntabihumanya ibinyabuzima biba bihari.

Icyo gihe byaba bivuze ko ari ahantu heza ho gutura ku bivejuru, ariko na none byazagora abantu kugira amakuru babimenyaho, cyane ko abashakashatsi bemeza ko bituye hasi kure cyane ku buryo batabibonesha ibyuma bakoresha (telescope).

Icyakora hari icyogajuru cya NASA byitezwe ko kizagera ku Kwezi k’Umubumbe wa Jupiter mu 2030, byitezwe ko gishobora kuzagaragaza nibura amakuru make yaganisha ku kumenya niba hari ibifitanye isano n’ubuzima bihagaragara.

Ibivejuru bifungiye ku mibumbe ikubye Isi inshuro 10 mu bunini

Hari abandi bashakashatsi bagaragaza ko ibivejuru bishobora kuba byarigumiye ku mibumbe minini cyane ikubye Isi nibura inshuro 10, izwi nka “"super-Earths”.

Bijyanye n’uko imiterere y’iyo mibumbe yaba iyemerera kugira amazi, hatekerezwa ko ibivejuru byagirira ubuzima bwiza kuri iyo mibumbe aho iri hose mu Isanzure.

Bibaye ari uko bimeze, byaba bivuze ko abantu batazigera babona ibivejuru kuko ubushakashatsi bwa 2018 bwerekanye ko umubumbe ukubye Isi inshuro 10 byaba bigoranye cyane kuwoherezaho icyogajuru.

Ibivejuru bishakirwa aho bitagombye kuba bishakirwa kuko byose ni ‘robots’

Kuba abantu barakoze radio mu myaka ya 1900, bagakora mudasobwa mu 1945, none ubu bakaba bakataje mu gukora udukoresho wafata mu kiganza dukora imibare igoye mu isegonda rimwe ndetse n’iby’Ubwenge bw’Ubukorano (AI) bikaba birushaho gufata indi ntera; abashakashatsi barimo Seth Shostak babiheraho bavuga ko hagombye kuba hashyirwa imbaraga mu gukora imashini zifite ububasha buhambaye kurusha gukomeza gushakisha “abantu bato b’icyatsi”.

Shostak yizera ko umuryango w’ibivejuru ujyanye n’igihe waba ugizwe na ‘robots’ zikoresha ubuhanga, ibintu avuga ko bikwiye kwitabwaho mu gihe abantu bashakisha amakuru ku bivejuru.

Uwo mushakashatsi w’Umunyamerika ashimangira ko aho gutakaza imbaraga hashakishwa imibumbe ishobora guturwaho n’ibinyabuzima, hakabaye hitabwa cyane ku gushakisha ahantu imashini zakorera neza nk’ahari ingufu (energy) nyinshi, cyane cyane nko mu izingiro ry’uturere two mu Isanzure (galaxies).

Ati “Turashakira mu byacu bya kera ariko sinzi ko ari bwo buhanga buri mu Isanzure.”

Abantu bamaze kubona ibivejuru ariko ntibabashije kubisobanukirwa

Niba warigeze kureba filimi zivuga ku bya siyansi, hari amashusho wabonye bagaragaza ko ari ibivejuru. Ubu nawe iyo wumvishe ijambo ‘alien’ hari ishusho ikuza mu mutwe.

Mu ntangiriro za 2024, itsinda ry’abahanga mu by’imitekerereze ryo muri Espagne ryagaragaje ko amashusho abantu bishyizemo ko ari ay’ibivejuru ashobora kubangamira ubushakashatsi.

Ni nyuma y’inyigo yakorewe ku bantu 137 beretswe amafoto y’indi mibumbe bakabazwa ayo babona agaragaza ibimenyetso by’amashusho y’ibivejuru. Hagati y’ayo mafoto hari hashyizwe umuntu wambaye imyenda imugaragaza nk’ingai ariko utagaragara neza.

Muri uko gushakisha uko ibivejuru bisa muri ayo mafoto beretswe, 30% gusa ni bo babashije kubona uwo muntu.

Abo bashakashatsi bagaragaje ko mu by’ukuri ibivejuru bishobora kuba bitanagaragazwa n’urumuri cyangwa amajwi, ahubwo ko hakenewe kwagura uburyo ubushakashatsi kuri byo bukorwa kuko akenshi usanga uko abantu bibwira ko bimeze bigira icyo byangiza ku nyigo bakora.

Abantu bazica ibivejuru byose, cyangwa bamaze kubyica

Abarimo Alexander Berezin batekereza ko uko abantu basatira kubona amakuru ku bivejuru, ari nako basatira ku kubyangiza.

Avuga ko iterambere mu bushakashatsi rishoboza abashakashatsi kurenga Akarere kabarizwamo imibumbe igaragiye Izuba (Solar system) rigomba kuba ryagutse kandi ari ntakumirwa.

Muri uko kwaguka kwaryo, ngo hari ibyo ryangiza. Ibyo ni byo Berezin ashingiraho avuga ko uko kuba umuntu yumva ari we wenyine ubanza mbere y’ibindi byose kutazahagarara mu gihe azaba yavumbuye imibereho y’ibivejuru, agakeka ko abantu bashobora kuba baranayimenye.

Kuri we, ngo no kwagura uburyo bw’ubushakashatsi bishobora kwica ibyo bivejuru bishakishwa.

Ibivejuru byateye imihindagurikire y’ibihe, maze birapfa

Ikindi gice cy’abashakashatsi kivuga ko iyo abatuye umubumbe bakoresheje cyane ibiwuriho kurusha uko bingana biteza ikibazo gikomeye.

Ibyo ni ko bimeze ku Isi ubu, aho abayituye bahanganye n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

Aho ni ho abashakashatsi bahera bakibaza bati “Ese ntibishoboka ko ibivejuru nabyo byaba byarahuye n’ikibazo nk’icyo?”

Abarimo Adam Frank bavuga ko birenze kuba bishoboka, ko hari amahirwe menshi ko ari uko byaba byaragenze. Mu nyigo ye yerekanye ko ibivejuru niba byarabayeho, bishobora kuba byarangije imibumbe byariho bikabiviramo gushiraho mbere y’uko abantu babibona.

Ibivejuru byateye imihindagurikire y’ibihe, maze birapfa

Ibivejuru byakoresheje ingufu zitangiza, ariko n’ubundi zitera imihindagurikire y’ibihe bituma bipfa

Bamwe mu bashakashatsi ntibatinya kuvuga ko ibivejuru bishobora kuba byarakoresheje ingufu zagiye ziyongera kugeza ziteje imihindagurikire y’ibihe ku mubumbe wabyo nk’uko abantu babigenje ku Isi, ngo ingaruka zigatuma birimbuka hafi ya byose.

Gusa hakibazwa uko byari kugenda iyo ibivejuru bikoresha ingufu zitangiza, cyangwa zisubira; niba byari kuzaramba cyangwa bikagukira ku Karere k’Isanzure Isi iherereyemo.

Ubushakashatsi bwo muri Nzeri 2024 bugaragaza ko nubwo ibivejuru byari gukoresha ingufu zitangiza 100% bitari kubuza ko Umubumbe wabyo ushyuha cyane biturutse ku myanda n’ibindi bisigazwa.

Ubushyuhe buterwa n’iyo myanda bwashoboraga kwiyongera uko ibivejuru bikenera ingufu zisumbuye, ibintu byari kuzateza ikibazo gikomeye cy’imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu myaka 1,000.

Ibivejuru ntibyashoboraga kwiyongera vuba, bivuze ko byashizeho

Abatekereza uku bemeza ko Isanzure ririmo imibumbe myinshi yaturwaho ariko nta kimenyetso simusiga kigaragaza ngo ubuzima kuri iyo mibumbe bushoboka mu gihe kingana iki.

Inyigo yakorewe muri Kaminuza y’Igihugu ya Australia mu 2016, yagararaga ko iyo ibivejuru biba ku mibumbe ifite amazi n’ibitare (rocks) nk’iby’Isi, bitari kuzaharamba kuko mu myaka ibarirwa muri million 100 ibintu byashoboraga guhinduka, ibyo binyabuzima bigashiraho.

Iyo nyigo yagize iti “Ubuzima mu Isanzure bushobora kugorana bidatewe n’uko bugoye gutangira, ahubwo bitewe n’uko ahaturwa n’ibinyabuzima habigoye cyane mu myaka miliyari ya mbere.”

Ingufu ziswe “Dark energy” zirigiza Isi kure y’ibivejuru

Hagaragazwa ko uko Isanzure rigenda ryaguka ari ko uturere twaryo turushaho gutandukana, kugeza ubwo urumuri rw’inyenyeri zimwe rutabasha kugaragara neza.

Ni nako hagenda hagaragara ibindi byo mu Isanzure bitagaragara neza, ibyo abashakashatsi bise “Dark energy”. Bakeka ko mu myaka miliyari igihumbi irimbere, “Dark energy” zizagura Isanzure cyane ku buryo ibinyabuzima biri ku Isi bitazaba bikibasha kubona urumuri ruturutse mu tundi turere tutari uduhanye imbibi n’ako Isi iherereyemo.

Ibyo bivuze ko niba abantu badacukumbuye ibyo bakeneye kumenya mu Isanzure mbere y’iyo myaka, ibyo kumenya imibereho y’ibivejuru bizaba birangiriye aho.

Abantu ni bo bivejuru

Igitekerezo by’abashakashatsi bise "panspermia hypothesis," cyo kigaragaza ko ibyinshi mu binyabuzima biri ku Isi atariho bikomoka, ko ahubwo byahageze mu myaka ibarirwa muri za miliyoni ishize bihagejejwe n’amabuye yavuye mu Isanzure azanye “bacteria” zo ku yindi mibumbe.

Ibyo ngo byaba bivuze ko abantu ari bo bivejuru.

Icyakora nta kimenyetso simusiga kirashimangira icyo gitekerezo.

Bamwe mu bacyamaganiye kure babajije impamvu “bacteria” zaje kuvamo abantu zaba zaraturutse ku yindi mibumbe, hakaba hataraboneka undi mubumbe wegereye Isi ugaragaraho ibifite aho bihuriye n’umuntu.

Impaka ziracyari ndende ku hantu ibivejuru byaba biherereye niba bibaho koko.

Ibivejuru ntibyashoboraga kwiyongera vuba, bivuze ko byashizeho

Ingufu ziswe “Dark energy” zirigiza Isi kure y’ibivejuru

Abantu bazica ibivejuru byose, cyangwa bamaze kubyica