Goal-line Technology cyangwa Goal Decision System ni uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bwatangijwe mu 2014 mu gikombe cy’Isi cyabereye muri Brazil, bugamije kuvanaho impaka mu gihe umupira warenze umurongo w’izamu.

Ubu buryo bwatangijwe muri ruhago mu rwego rwo kunganira abasifuzi, rimwe na rimwe bashoboraga guhakana cyangwa bakemeza igitego kandi cyageze mu izamu.

Mu mupira w’amaguru hakunze kuvugwa iki kibazo ndetse bigateza umwiryane hagati y’amakipe n’abakunzi bayo. Mu gikombe cy’Isi cya 2010 cyabereye muri Afurika y’Epfo, havuzwe amagambo menshi nyuma y’umukino wahuje u Budage n’u Bwongereza, umusifuzi akaza kwanga igitego cya Frank Lampard bigaragara ko umupira warenze umurongo.

Igitego cya Frank Lampard cyanzwe n'umusifuzi

Uko iri koranabuhanga rikora mu byiciro bitandukanye:

1. Hawk-eye:

Ubu ni uburyo bwifashisha ikoranabuhanga ryo ku rwego rwo hejuru rikenera ibyuma bifata amashusho (cameras).

Ikompanyi y’Abadage ya GoalControl iri mu zikoresha iri koranabuhanga, ishyiraho cameras zirindwi inyuma ya buri zamu. Ziba zifite imigozi izihuza na mudasobwa izigenzura. Izi camera zifata amashusho agaragaza ko igitego cyinjiye mu izamu, zikayohereza muri ya mashini. Iyo umupira warenze umurongo, hari ubutumwa umusifuzi ahita abona ku isaha aba yambaye bumubwira ko igitego cyagezemo na we akacyemeza.

Hawk-Eye yashinze imizi mu yindi mikino nka Tennis na Cricket, yakoreshejwe bwa mbere muri shampiyona y’Abongereza (Premier League) mu mwaka wa 2013-2014.

2. Cairos GLT system:

Cairos Technologies ifatanyije na Adidas bakoze ubundi buryo butifashisha camera ahubwo bwifashisha ubuhanga mu bya rukuruzi mu kugaragaza aho umupira ugeze.

Akuma gashyirwa mu mupira ubundi igihe urenze umurongo w’izamu utundi twuma duto cyane tuba twashyizwe mu izamu tukohereza ubutumwa kuri mudasobwa tuyimenyesha ko warenze umurongo waryo.

3. Goalminder

Ubu buryo nabwo kimwe na Hawk-eye bwifashisha camera zishyirwa mu izamu maze umupira wageramo bukoherereza umusifuzi amashusho y’uko byagenze ubundi na we agafata umwanzuro.

4. GoalRef

GoalRef nabwo ni uburyo bukoresha ikoranabuhanga risa n’irya Cairos GLT, gusa itandukaniro ni uko aha nta kuma gashyirwa mu mupira ngo kerekane aho umupira uri ahubwo ibiti by’izamu nibyo bimenya niba koko umupira warenze umurongo cyangwa utagezemo.

Uburyo bwa Goalref bwageragejwe muri Shampiyona y’Icyiciro cya mbere muri Denmark n’igikombe cy’isi gihuza amakipe yabaye aya mbere iwayo mu 2012 (Club World Cup).

Ese ubu buryo bumaze igihe kingana iki bukoreshwa?

Hawk-eye, uburyo bwa mbere bwifashishije ikoranabuhanga bumenya icyerekezo cy’umupira bwakozwe na Dr Paul Hawkins mu 1999. Bwatangiye gukoreshwa mu 2001 mu mukino wa Cricket aho abogeza imipira kuri televiziyo babwifashishaga mu biganiro byabo ndetse mu 2008 batangira kubwifashisha no mu gusifura iyo mikino.

Mu 2005, Hawk-eye yageragejwe bwa mbere n’Ishyirahamwe rya Tennis ku rwego rw’Isi, maze nyuma yo gusanga bwabafasha butangira gukoreshwa mu marushanwa atandukanye ya Tennis harimo n’akomeye kuruta andi nka US Open, Australian Open na Wimbledon.

Mu mupira w’amaguru, Goal Line Technology, yageragejwe mu 2011, yemezwa mu 2012. Fifa yakoresheje Hawk-eye na GoalRef mu Buyapani mu mikino y’igikombe cy’Isi gihuza amakipe yatwaye ibikombe biruta ibindi ku migabane abarizwamo (FIFA Club World Cup).

Nyuma gato mu 2013, ubu buryo bwongeye gukorerwa igeragezwa mu gikombe mpuzamigabane gihuza amakipe y’ibihugu ya mbere (Confederation Cup), mbere yo gukoreshwa mu cy’Isi cyabereye muri Brazil mu 2014.

Hawk-eye yakoreshejwe mu mwaka w’imikino wa 2013-2014 wa shampiyona y’Abongereza. Igitego cya mbere cyemejwe na Hawk-eye ni icyo Eden Dzeko yatsinze Cardiff City kuya 18 Mutarama 2014 ubwo yakiniraga Manchester City.

Uburyo bwo kumenya niba umupira wagiye mu izamu cyangwa utagiyemo ni ikoranabuhanga ribikora gusa kwemeza igitego cyangwa kugihakana bikorwa n’umusifuzi. Ubu buryo bukoresha igihe kiri munsi y’isegonda rimwe mu kumenyesha umusifuzi ibyabereye mu izamu mbere yuko afata icyemezo cya nyuma.

Mbere yo gukoreshwa, ubu buryo bushyirwa mu kibuga n’inzobere bukageragezwa nyuma bukemezwa n’Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru ku Isi (FIFA).

Reba igitego cya Frank Lampard cyateje umwiryane ku mukino wahuje u Bongereza n’u Budage:

Uko Goal Line Technology yemejwe ikanageragezwa mu marushanwa ya FIFA:

‘Goal Line Technology’, kamarampaka ku bitego bishidikanywaho n'abakunzi b'umupira w'amaguru

Umupira iyo warenze umurongo umusifuzi ahita abibona ubutumwa ku isaha ye

‘Goal Line Technology’ imaze kwimakazwa muri shampiyona zikomeye ku mugabane w'i Burayi

‘Goal Line Technology’ ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rihambaye