“Smart traffic management” ni ikoranabuhanga rirarushaho kwimakazwa n’ibihugu byinshi hirya no hino ku Isi, by’umwihariko ibifite imijyi ijyanye n’igihe (Smart cities).

Mu mishinga 250 ya “smart cities” iri mu bihugu 178 ku Isi yose nk’uko byagaragajwe na Guidehouse Insights mu 2017, uwo kubaka Kigali nawo wabariwemo nta kabuza.

Igenzura rya 2023 ku mijyi yimakaza ikoranabuhanga muri Afurika (2023 African Smart cities index) ryagaragaje ko Kigali iza ku mwanya wa mbere muri 30 yari yagenzuwe.

Nubwo bimeze bityo, Kigali ntiragera ku rwego mpuzamahanga byifuzwa ko yaba iriho. Ni nayo mpamvu mu byo Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ishyira imbere harimo no gukomeza kuyizamura ikagera ku rundi rwego.

Kimwe mu bizamura amanota y’umujyi ugafatwa nk’ujyanye n’igihe, ni uko uba ufite uburyo bw’ubwikorezi (transport) bwimakaza ikoranabuhanga ryoroshya urujya n’uruza. Aha ni ho “Smart traffic management” ibera ikintu nkenerwa muri Kigali.

Mu Ugushyingo 2021, PR News yamuritse ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko isoko rya “Smart traffic management” ryari kuri miliyari $9.22 mu 2020, bikaba byitezwe ko rizazamuka rikagera kuri miliyari $19.91 mu 2028.

Kugeza muri Kanama 2023, ibihugu bikataje muri iryo koranabuhanga byari birangajwe imbere na Singapore. Iki gihugu kizwiho kuba gifite umubare munini w’abaturage ugereranyije n’ubuso bwacyo (densely populated), ariko ntushobora kubona “embouteillage” mu mihanda yacyo.

Uko ni ko n’u Rwanda rushaka kubigenza, ku buryo hahagarikwa “embouteillages” zikunze kugaragara mu mihanda ya Kigali mu masaha ya mu gitondo n’aya nimugoroba, abantu bajya cyangwa bava ku kazi, cyangwa bajyana bakanakura abana ku mashuri.

Kuba u Rwanda rukeneye ikoranabuhanga rya “Smart traffic management” kandi Singapore ikaba irifite mu buryo buteye imbere, uwavuga ko bitazagorana cyane kuba rwaribona mu myaka itanu iri imbere, ntiyaba agiye kure y’ukuri cyane ko ibihugu byombi bisanzwe bifite imikoranire ihagaze neza mu nzego zitadukanye zirimo n’ikoranabuhanga.

Mu ruzinduko rw’akazi Perezida Paul Kagame yagiriye muri Singapore ku wa 18-23 Nzeri 2024, nta gushidikanya ko mu biganirwaho ku mikoranire hagati y’ibihugu byombi harimo ikoranabuhanga. Hari amahirwe ko n’iryo mu bwikorezi ryakomozwaho.

“Smart traffic management” ikora ite?

Biragoye kubona umujyi ufatwa nk’uri mu cyiciro cya “smart cities” kandi udafite ikoranabuhanga rituma abawurimo bagenda mu buryo bworoshye kandi butekanye.

Icyo “Smart traffic management” ifasha, ni ugushyiraho uburyo bunoze bwo kugabanya “embouteillages” mu mihanda, no kongera umutekano wo mu mihanda hashyirwaho ikoranabuhanga rihererekanya amakuru y’ako kanya mu buryo bwihuse.

Iryo koranabuhanga ryifashisha “sensors” zirimo iza “Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags” zifasha kumenya amakuru yimbitse ku binyabiziga, “Automatic identification and data collection (AIDC) tags”, “Temperature sensors” zimenyesha ibipimo by’ubushyuhe, na “Air quality sensors” zifasha gutahura ibihumanya biri mu mwuka uri mu mihanda.

Ikoranabuhanga rya “Smart traffic management” rituma polisi yo mu muhanda n’izindi nzego bireba zibasha kubona amakuru yose akenewe mu buryo bw’amashusho kandi muri ako kanya (real time). Ubu buryo buzwi nka “Connected Video Monitoring” bufasha gukumira impanuka n’ibyaha hakiri kare.

Bigizwemo uruhare n’Ubwenge bw’Ubukorano (Artificial Intelligence, AI), “Smart traffic management” yifashisha amakuru yatanzwe na za “sensors” ndetse n’ayatanzwe na “Connected Video Monitoring”, ikayashingiraho igena uko “feu de circulation” zikoreshwa bikwiye, mu buryo buzwi nka “Connected Traffic Light Systems”.

Aha abatwaye ibinyabiziga boroherwa no kumenya umuvuduko bagenderaho mu mihanda runaka mu gihe iki n’iki, bakaba bazi aho bari bugere bagatindaho gato, n’igihe bari buhamare.

Muri rusange “Smart traffic management” ifasha inzego bireba kumenya byimbitse amakuru y’ibibera mu mihanda, ibibazo bihagaragara n’uko bikwiye gukemurwa.

Inafasha gukaza umutekano mu mihanda, kugabanya ikiguzi cy’ibyangizwa n’impanuka za hato na hato, koroshya uburyo bwo gutanga ubutabazi igihe bukenewe, no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.

Ikibazo cya embouteillages mu mihanda ya Kigali kimaze igihe kinini, gishobora kuba amateka mu myaka itanu iri imbere.

Igishushanyo cy'imikorere ya Smart traffic management