Ni ingenzi cyane ko abantu bamenya ibibakikije, ari nayo mpamvu ubushakashatsi bugamije kumenya ibiri mu Isanzure bukomeje gukorwa hirya no hino ku Isi.

Ni muri urwo rwego hagiye gutangizwa ubushakashatsi bugamije kugenzura Isanzure, bufite intego nyamukuru yo kumenya uburyo Isanzure yabayeho.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwiswe ’Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST)’ buzamara imyaka 10, aho buzakorerwa muri Chile, ku kigo cya Vera C. Rubin Observatory cyitiriwe Vera Rubin wagize uruhare mu bumenyi buke buri ku Isi ku bizwi nka ’dark matter.’

Muri iki kigo, niho hashyizwe telescope ya mbere ifite ubushobozi buhambaye ku Isi, izwi nka ’Simonyi Survey Telescope’, ari nayo izifashishwa muri ubu bushakashatsi.

Iyi telescope yamaze gutanga amafoto ya mbere, arimo ayagaragaje amabuye cyangwa se ’asteroids’ 2000 zitari zizwi n’abashakashatsi.

Ubushobozi bwayo buzajya bwereka abashakashatsi ’asteroid’ ifite ibyago byo kugonga Isi, bikorwe ikiri kure cyane ku buryo igisubizo gishobora gushakwa hakiri kare.

Iyi telescope yubatse ku musozi wa Cerro Pachón uzwi cyane mu bijyanye n’ubushakashatsi bwo kureba mu Isanzure kuko uri ku butumburuke buri hejuru, ukagira umwijima mwinshi mu gihe cy’ijoro ndetse ukaba ushyuha cyane, ibituma uhinduka inzozi ku bashakashatsi bifuza kwitegereza mu Isanzure.

Ikigo cya Vera C. Rubin Observatory kiri ku musozi wa Cerro Pachón kizakorerwaho ubushakashatsi buzatwara imyaka 10

Ni umushinga mugari kuko aho ugeze magingo aya, ni ukuvuga kubaka telescope n’ibikorwaremezo bizayishyigikira, bimaze gutwara hafi miliyari 2$, hatabariwemo ikiguzi cyo gusesengura amafoto iyi telescope izatanga, abakozi bazakora ako kazi n’ibindi bizakorwa muri uyu mushinga wose uzamara imyaka 10.

’Simonyi Survey Telescope’ na camera yayo, ComCam, ubwabyo byatwaye arenga miliyoni 517$. Impamvu bihenze, bijyana n’ubushobozi bifite. Nka camera ifite megapixels 3,200, aho ifite ubushobozi bukubye ubwa megapixels ya iPhone 16 Pro inshuro 67 zose.

Simonyi Survey Telescope ifite camera yihariye, ifite ubushobozi bwo gufotora agapira ka Golf kari ku Kwezi

Imikorere itangaje ya Simonyi Survey Telescope

Kugira ngo ifoto imwe yafashwe igaragare mu bikoresho bisanzwe, byasaba televiziyo zigezweho kandi nini zigera kuri 400, zifite ubushobozi bwo kwerekana amashusho ya 4k. Uramutse ushyize agapira ka Golf ku Kwezi, iyi telescope yakabona.

Izajya ifata ifoto buri masegonda 40, mu masaha ari hagati y’umunani na 12 mu ijoro bitewe n’umwijima uhari. Nibura ku ijoro rimwe, izajya ifata amafoto agera kuri 800. Buri joro, izajya itanga amakuru angana na terabytes 20.

Iyi telescope izajya ifata amafoto y’igice cyihariye mu Isanzure, ku buryo hagenzurwa impinduka zikibamo. Aho izajya ibona impinduka zidasanzwe, izajya itanga amakuru kugira ngo hakorwe ubushakashatsi bwimbitse.

Amakuru azatangwa n’iyi telescope azajya akoreshwa mu byiciro bine. Icya mbere ni ukureba mu Isanzure, ikerekana amafoto meza atanga amakuru menshi kurushaho. Hari kandi kureba uburyo imiterere y’igice cy’Isanzure ririmo Izuba n’Isi yacu, kizwi nka Milky Way. Ikigamijwe ni ugusuzuma uburyo iyi Milky Way yabayeho.

Iyi telescope kandi ifite inshingano yo kwerekana imiterere y’igice cy’Isanzure rya Milky Way, ririmo imibumbe izengurutse Izuba, kizwi nka Solar System ari nacyo gice cya Milky Way giherereyemo Isi yacu. Mu gihe haramuka hari umubumbe utaravumburwa uri muri iyi ’Solar System’, iyi telescope izawubona.

Indi nshingano ikomeje ni ugukora ubushakashatsi kuri ’dark matter.’ Iki ni kimwe mu bintu biri mu Isanzure bifitweho amakuru make cyane n’abashakashatsi. Uburyo izi ’dark matter’ zabayeho n’uruhare zigira mu Isanzure rigari (universe) ni bimwe mu bigomba kwigwaho n’abashakashatsi bigizwemo uruhare n’amafoto azatangwa n’iyi telescope.

Iyi telescope ifite ubushobozi burenze ubw’izindi zisanzwe. Nk’ubu izajya ifata amafoto agaragaza imiterere y’inyenyeri zashaje, ziri mu ntera ndende cyane.

Uko abantu bagira ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho bifotora kure cyane, nka James Webb Telescope ishobora gufotora ikintu kiri mu ntera yasaba urumuri gukoresha imyaka miliyari 4 kugira ngo rukigereho, ni ko bagenda babona amakuru agezweho kandi yizewe, agaragaza uko Isanzure rigari (universe) ryabayeho.

Imirimo yo kubaka Simonyi Survey Telescope yatwaye hafi miliyari 2$

Bimwe mu biteye amatsiko abashakashatsi biga iby’Isanzure (Astronauts) ni ukumenya amakuru y’ibice bitandukanye by’Isanzure ririmo Izuba n’Isi (Milky Way). Ibyo bice ni nka ’Stellar Halo’. Aka ni agace karimo inyenyeri zashaje burundu, zitagikora cyangwa se zitakibaho. Iyo tuvuze inyenyeri, wumve nk’uko twavuga Izuba ryacu, rigira imibumbe irigaragiye irimo Isi, bikaba mu ruhererekane ruzwi nka ’Solar System.’

Iyi Solar System yacu ni agace gato cyane k’igice cy’Isanzure tubamo, ari cyo Milky Way. Milky Way nayo ni agace gato cyane k’Isanzure rigari (universe).

Buri nyenyeri igira igihe cyo kubaho, igasaza, icyo wakwita kubaho kwayo kukarangira, igapfa. Urugero, Izuba ryacu rizasaza mu myaka miliyari 5 iri imbere, aho rimaze indi ijya kungana gutyo.

Iyo inyenyeri ishaje, imibumbe iyigaragiye, ubwo wavuga nka Mars, Isi cyangwa Juputer kuri ’Solar System’, nayo ikunze guhita isaza kuko iba itakibona ingufu ziturutse ku nyenyeri nk’Izuba.

Hari inyenyeri zagiye zisaba mu myaka myinshi ishize, ibisigazwa byazo ni byo byagiye bijya muri iki gice cya Milky Way kizwi nka ’Stellar Halo’. Iki gice ntabwo kizwiho amakuru menshi, ndetse hari abashakashatsi bavuga ko nubwo inyenyeri zose ziri muri icyo gice zashaje, hashobora kuba hari imibumbe ikigaragaza ibimenyetso byo kubaho nko kuzenguruka inyenyeri zahoze zizenguruka.

Iyi mibumbe iragora kuyibona kuko iba mu mwijima w’icuraburindi, ariko iyi telescope ishobora gufasha abashakashatsi kuyibona no kuyigaho, kuko iyo myitwarire idasanzwe.

Ikindi gikomeye gitekerejwe na benshi, ni ukumenya niba hari undi mubumbe uzenguruka Izuba tuzi, rizenguruka n’Isi (undi mubumbe uri muri Solar System y’Isi). Bitekerezwa ko hashobora kuba hari Umubumbe wa cyenda muri iyi Solar System, gusa kuko uri kure cyane kandi ukaba ari muto, ubushakashatsi ntiburemeza neza niba koko wabarwa nk’umubumbe uzenguruka Izuba.

Uwo mubumbe uri mu ntera ingana n’iri hagati y’Isi n’Izuba, ukubye inshuro 700.

Mu mafoto yagaragajwe, harimo iyerekana uduce twa ’Trifid and Lagoon Nebulae’ turi mu ntera y’imyaka 9,000 byasaba urumuri kugira ngo ruhagere. Muri aka gace k’Isanzure, hari inyenyeri nshya, nk’Izuba ryacu, ziri kwirema. Aya makuru yakusanyijwe mu mafoto 678 yafashwe mu gihe cy’amasaha arindwi.

Simonyi Survey Telescope yafashe agace ka Trifid and Lagoon nebulae karimo inyenyeri nshya ziri kwirema

Yafashe kandi agace ka Virgo Cluster kagaragaza ’galaxies’ ziri kwivanga n’iziri guhindura inzira zazo. Galaxy ni uruhurirane rw’inyenyeri nyinshi, buri nyenyeri ikagira imibumbe iyizenguruka. Milky Way ni galaxy imwe, Izuba rikaba imwe mu nyenyeri zirenga miliyari 100 zigize Milky Way Galaxy.

Mu Isanzure rigari rishobora kubonwa n’ibikoresho by’abantu, habarurwa nibura ’galaxies’ zirenga miliyari 2000. Gusa izi galaxies ni nke kuko Isanzure rigenda ryaguka kurushaho, ari nayo mpamvu bigoye cyane ko umuntu azigera amenya ibirikubiyemo byose. Uko ryaguka, ni nako izindi nyenyeri zirenga, galaxies zikihuza izindi zikavuka, mbega bikaba uruhererekane rutarangira.

Isanzure rigari ribarirwa imyaka miliyari 13,8. Uramutse ucanye urumuri ku ntangiriro y’Isanzure rigari, byarutwara imyaka irenga miliyari 46,5 kugira ngo rugere aho rigarukira, hashingiwe ku bikoresho n’imibare igezweho magingo aya.

Iyi telescope yafashe ifoto imwe ikubiyemo ’galaxies’ miliyoni 10, muri miliyoni ziri hagati ya 50 na 60 zigize Virgo Cluster, igice cya Milky Way.

Uyu mubare ungana na 0.5% bya ’galaxies’ miliyari 20 zizafotorwa n’iyi telescope.

Uyu mushinga wose muri rusange watangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu 2011, gusa igitekerezo cyatangijwe mu 1996.

Simonyi Survey Telescope yafotoye agace ka Virgo cluster karuta Milky Way inshuro zirenga miliyari 100, kakabamo 'galaxies' zibarirwa muri miliyoni 50 na 60