Nubwo abamubonaho icyo gisuzuguriro bemera ko yagitewe no kuba inganzwa y’inzoga, benshi muri bo ntibazemera ko amagambo adudubiza amaze gusinda aba yayatewe n’ubusinzi. Bahita bahindura imvugo, bati “ni ibimurimo, si ay’inzoga”.

Umufilozofi w’Umufaransa Jean-Jaques Rousseau ni we wakwirakwije iyo mvugo cyane. Uyu na we gusoma amazi areba manyinya byari byaramwihishe, ariko agashimangira ko ‘uwasinze avuga ukuri kwe’.

Na none uzumva abirahira ko umugabo muzima avugira ijambo ku icupa, ko imitobe itavugirwaho ijambo. Uyu ni umuco wafashe indi ntera mu bashoramari b’Abashinwa.

Wenda aha ntiwahatinda kuko kunywa agasembuye ntibihita bisobanura ko wasinze.

Ariko wanakwibaza impamvu hari abumvikana bavuga ko ibiganiro bizima bikorwa abantu bafata ku gasembuye, nyamara ibyavuzwe n’uwasinze bikaba bishobora guteshwa agaciro isa n’isaha.

Inkiko na zo zemera ko ibyo umuntu yakoze yasinze ataba abihagazeho 100%, kuko byagaragaye ko umuntu ashobora kwifashisha inzoga agakoresha undi ibyo yashoboraga kwanga atazinyoye.

Byose biragaruka ku kibazo kimwe: amagambo avuzwe n’uhaze agasembuye yaba ahura n’ukuri kumuri ku mutima?

Urubuga rw’ibigo by’Abanyamerika bifasha ababaswe n’ibiyobyabwenge n’abafite ibibazo by’imitekerereze, American Addiction Centres, rugaragaza ko nubwo agasembuye gashobora kugabanya ukwifata umuntu agira iyo avuga, ntibihita bisobanura ko ibivuzwe n’uwakijuse biba byuzuye ukuri.

Urwo rubuga rusobanura ko agasembuye gashobora gutuma uvuga wisanzuye, ariko na none kagahungabanya ukuri kw’ibyo wavuze kuko icyo gihe ubwonko buba butabasha gukora neza ngo butange umwanzuro ukwiye mbere yo kuvuga.

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko kunywa agasembuye bitabuza umuntu kugira ububasha bwo kwiyobora (self-control), ko ahubwo bituma atita ku ngaruka z’ibyo avuga cyangwa akora gusa.

Mu 2011, abashakshatsi bo muri Kaminuza ya Missouri ho muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, bashingiye ku nyigo bakoreye ku bantu 67, basobanura ko iyo umuntu yasinze aba azi ko ari gukora amakosa, ahubwo ntiyite ku ngaruka zayo.

Uwasinze ashobora kuvuga ibintu atari gutinyuka kuvuga abaye atanyoye inzoga, kubera ko aba atagitinya ingaruka byamugiraho.

Ibyo ariko abashakashatsi basanga bidahagije ngo wemeze ko ibyo yavuze byose ari ukuri, cyane ko ubwonko buba butagishoboye kuzuza neza inshingano zabwo.

Urubuga rwa Big Think rwerekana ko agasembuye gashobora guhindura uwo uri we.
Mu nkuru umwanditsi Nicholas Clairmont yashyize kuri urwo rubuga ku wa 7 Gashyantare 2022, yashimangiye ko mu buhamya bwe bwite, amagambo umuntu wasinze avuga ntaho aba ahuriye n’ukuri kuri ku mutima we.

Yifashishije urugero rw’uko yamaraga guhaga ka manyinya akumva akeneye guhamagara abantu. Muri uko guhamagara, umwe muri ba bantu bamuzaga hafi kubahamagara yari umuntu baziranye ariko badafitanye ubushuti bwihariye. Gusa iyo babaga bavugana, Clairmont yamwitaga inshuti magara, ibintu bihabanye n’ukuri kwe.

Yatanze urundi rugero rw’umukobwa bahuriye bwa mbere ahantu akumva yamusaba ko yazamubera umugore, kandi bataziranye. Yasobanuye ko mu buzima bwe atigeze yifuza kubana n’umuntu atazi, bityo izo ntekerezo yari afite icyo gihe zitari ukuri kwe.

Alexander the Great wabaye Umwami mu Bugereki bwo hambere, yigeze gukoresha irushanwa ryo kunywa agasembuye mu basirikari be, birangira 42 muri bo bishwe n’inzoga banyoye.

Niba imyitwarire y’umuntu wasinze ihura n’ukuri kumurimo, Clairmont akabaza ati “Ese umuntu yagambirira kunywa inzoga zikageza aho zimwica kandi akabikora yishimye?”

Kugeza ubu ingaruka agasembuye kagira ku bwonko bwa muntu ntizirasobanurwa byimbitse, ndetse bikekwa ko ibyo abashakashatsi bamaze kubona kuri iyo ngingo bikiri bike cyane.

Ikizwi neza ni uko agasembuye kagira ingaruka ku gice cy’ubwonko cyibutsa (hippocampus) ari na yo mpamvu uwasinze asa n’uhuzagurika.

Inzoga kandi zigira ingaruka ku gice cy’ubwonko kizwi nka ‘motor cortex’ bigatuma uwazinyoye agenda agwirirana.

Hejuru y’ibyo byose, ingaruka z’inzoga zigera ku gice cy’ubwonko kizwi nka ‘prefrontal cortex’.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ‘prefrontal cortex’ ari yo igira uruhare rukomeye mu kuba umuntu yagira umwihariko, akaba we wa nyawe. Ibikugira wowe byose bibera muri icyo gice.

Kuba imikorere yacyo igihe wanyoye inzoga itandukana n’uko gikora mu gihe utazinyoye, birahagije kugira ngo umenye niba koko imyitwarire wagira wasinze ihura neza n’ukuri kuri ku mutima wawe.