Nyamara ni yo Si tugezemo, ubu umuntu asigaye avuka yagera mu myaka y’ubukure yumva atishimiye igitsina afite mbese nyine atishimiye kuba umukobwa cyangwa umuhungu, ajya kugihinduza.

Ubuvuzi ni rumwe mu nzego ziri kwihuta mu iterambere ku buryo uretse kuba umuntu yasimburizwa ingingo nk’impyiko, umutima n’ibindi ubu bugeze aho umuntu ashobora guhindurirwa igitsina.

Ibyo ariko si ibya vuba aha kuko umuntu wa mbere wahinduriwe igitsina, Dora Richter, yabikorewe mu 1931, bikozwe n’umuganga w’Umudage, Magnus Hirschfeld, waharaniraga uburenganzira bw’abaryamana bahuje igitsina ibisigaye bizwi nk’umuryango wa LGBTQ+.

Magnus Hirschfeld yatangiye gushyira hanze ubushakashatsi bwe ku bijyanye no kubaga abantu hagamijwe kubahindurira igitsina n’imiterere y’umubiri mu myaka ya 1910. Nyuma yaje no gushinga ikigo kigisha ndetse kigakora ubushakashatsi kuri iyo ngingo yise ‘Institut für Sexualwissenschaft (Institute for Sexual Science)’.

Icyakora mu myaka ya 1933 ku butegetsi bw’Aba-Nazi mu Budage bashyizeho politiki zirwanya LGBTQ+ bikomeye ibyatumye uyu mugabo yambuwe ubwenegihugu bwe ahungira mu Bufaransa ari naho yapfiriye mu 1935.

Si ibyo gusa ikigo cye n’inyandiko nyinshi ze z’ubushakashatsi byaratwitse birangizwa.

Icyakora nyuma y’Intambara y’Isi ya Kabiri abandi bashakashatsi bakomeje ibitekerezo bya Hirschfeld ndetse abandi bantu bagenda bihinduza ibitsina barimo Michael Dillon, Christine  Jorgensen, n’abandi.

Ni ibintu byagiye bikura ku buryo kuri ubu muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika habarirwa abantu barenga miliyoni 1.6 bihinduje igitsina nk’uko byagaragajwe n’umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwa LGBTQ+ (HRC), ndetse ugaragaza ko uwo mubare ushobora kuba urenga cyane kuko abenshi babikora mu ibanga.

Kwihinduza igitsina ni ibintu twavuga ko ari urugendo kuko bifata imyaka kugira ngo umuntu ahinduke burundu, kandi ni ibintu bikorwa intambwe ku yindi.

Mbere na mbere umuntu ushaka kwihinduza igitsina ahera ku kubanza guhindura imisemburo ye y’umubiri ku buryo niba ari umukobwa ahabwa imisemburo ya gihungu, yaba umuhungu agahabwa iya gikobwa.

Dora Richter ni we mugabo wa mbere wihinduje igitsina ku Isi ahinduka umugore

Umugore uko ahindurwa umugabo

Umuntu wavutse ari igitsina gore iyo ashaka kwihinduza umugabo abanza gufata imiti irimo ‘testosterone’ ituma agira imisemburo nk’iy’abagabo.

Iyi miti imuha impinduka ku mubiri zimeze nk’umwana w’umuhungu ugeze mu bugimbi aho atangira kuzana ubwanwa, kugira amagufwa n’imikaya bikomeye, ijwi rinize, ubwoya mu gatuza n’ibindi.

Ni ibintu bifata igihe kuko ishobora kurenza imyaka ibiri ufata iyi miti ariko igira impinduka zikomeye kuko ihagarika imihango.

Iyo inyuma wamaze kuba nk’umuhungu inyuma ndetse ufite imisemburo nk’iyabo, nibwo hakurikiraho kubagwa hagamijwe kugirwa umugabo burundu. Abenshi bahera ku kwibagisha amabere bakagira igituza nk’icy’abagabo.

Nyuma yaho ni bwo ashobora gukurwamo nyababyeyi (hysterectomy) igihe adateganya kuzigera atwita, ubundi agakurikizaho kubagwa hagamijwe kumuha igitsina cy’abagabo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa metoidioplasty cyangwa phalloplasty.

Metoidioplasty ni uburyo bamuha imiti ituma clitoris ye ikura ku rugero runaka barangiza bakamubaga bagakuraho indi myanya myibarukiro y’inyuma hagasigara iyo clitoris gusa. Umuyoboro w’inkari bawuyobora muri iyo clitoris bakabihuza n’uruhago ku buryo ashobora kunyara ahagaze.

Ubu buryo bushobora gutuma clitos ikura ikagira hagati ya 4cm na 6cm, ariko hari abashobora kugeza kuri 8cm no kuzirenza n’ubwo bidakunze kubaho.

Ubusanzwe ubugabo bw’umugabo ushaka gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina buba bufite uburebure buri hagati ya 13 cm na 14 cm, mu gihe utabishaka buba bureshya na 9cm.

Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko ubu buryo ari bwo bwiza bwo kwihinduza igitsina kuko uba ushobora gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina nk’abagabo, kuko iki gitsina gishya kiba cyafata umurego.

Icyakora bugaragaza ko icyo atakora ari kurangiza kuko nta dusabo tw’intanga aba afite.

Ubwitwa phalloplasty bwo ni uburyo bafata indi nyama yo ku mubiri nko ku itako, ku kuboko, ku nda cyangwa mu mugongo, bagakoramo igitsina cy’umugabo. Kuri ubu usaba ingano y’igitsina ushaka ndetse nacyo bakagihuza n’uruhago rwawe ku buryo ushobora kwihagarika ariko ntabwo gishobora gufata umurego.

Aba bose bashobora no gukora Scrotoplasty, yo gushyiraho udusabo tw’intanga kuri ibyo bice bahinduje aho abaganga bafata uruhu rw’ahandi hantu ku mubiri bakawushyira munsi ya cya gitsina gishya ubundi bagashyiramo utuntu tubiri tumeze nk’udusabo tw’intanga (prosthetic testicles).

Birashoboka guhinduka umusore kandi wari inkumi ( iyi foto ni iya Jaimie Wilson)

Umugabo guhindurwa umugore

Abagabo na bo ukeneye kwihinduza igitsina ahera ku miti irimo estrogen na anti-androgens ituma amera nk’umukobwa mu miterere.

Estrogen ubusanzwe ni imisemburo iba mu bagore kuko abagabo bagira mike cyane. Ku mugabo ushaka kwihinduza umugore akoresha iyi miti kugira ngo atangire kugira imiterere nk’uyu mugore, aho ijwi ryoroha, umubiri ugatangira guhindura aho wabikaga ibinure bigatangira kujya ku matako, ku kibuno n’ahandi.

Uyu musemburo kandi utuma umugabo ashobora kumera amabere, kugira amarangamutima byoroshye, kugira uruhu rworoshye n’ibindi.

Ni mu gihe anti-androgens yo ari imiti irwanya umusemburo wa endrogen uba mu bagabo utuma bamera ubwanwa, uruhara, kugira ubwoya bwinshi ku mubiri, kugira imikaya ikomeye ugereranyije n’abagore, kugira ubushake bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (libido) n’ibindi.

Bivuze ko umugabo ufata anti-androgens ibyo byose bihagarara, aho izo mpinduka zigaragara hagati y’amezi atandatu n’imyaka ibiri umuntu akoresha iyi miti.

Nyuma yaho nibwo atangira kubagwa hagamijwe kumugira umugore burundu, aho abagwa mu gatuza agahabwa amabere, yakira agakoresha Vaginoplasty.

Vaginoplasty ni kubagwa hagamijwe kuguha imyanya myibarukiro nk’iy’abagore. Bikorwa binyuze mu kubaga igitsina cy’umugabo ibice byacyo bakabigira nk’igice cy’inyuma cy’imyanya myibarukiro y’umugore.

Bafata ku mutwe w’igitsina cy’umugabo (glans) bakawugabanya ku buryo umera nka clitoris. Umuyoboro w’inkari na wo uragabanywa ukagirwa mugufi ukareshya n’uw’umugore, ubundi bagakuraho n’igice cyose kigize udusabo tw’intanga.

Nyuma baca umwenge hagati y’uruhago ndetse n’igice gisoza amara manini (rectum) ubundi akagira umwanya wo kuba yabasha gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina nk’umugore.

Bitewe n’igihe ibi bikorwa bikorewe hari abakenera gukorerwa n’ibindi bintu bituma bagaragara nk’abagore, nko kubagwa ingoto (adam’s apple), kugabanya mu nda (tummy tuck cyangwa liposuction), kongererwa ikibuno, n’ibindi.

Ibi byose bikorwa neza ku buryo uyu muntu mushobora guhura ukamuyoberwa. Icyakora nk’ibindi bikorwa byose byo kubaga ibi nabyo bishobora kugira ingaruka nko kuva, gutinda gukira ibikomere, kurwara fistula, n’ibindi byinshi bisaba ko ugiye kubikora yitondera uyu mwanzuro.

Ku bijyanye n’imyororokere yabo umugabo wihinduje igitsina ntabwo ashobora kubyara ariko ku mugore we iyo atakuyemo nyababyeyi ashobora gutwita binyuze mu kumutera intanga.