Uburyo bwo kugeza abantu kuri uwo mubumbe utukura bukomeje gukorwaho amagerageza uko bwije n’uko bukeye, umushinga ushorwamo amadolari ya Amerika menshi abarirwa muri za miliyari.

Nk’ubu Ikigo cya Amerika gishinzwe iby’Isanzure, NASA, gifite imishinga itandukanye ifite agaciro kari hagati ya miliyari 100$ na 200$ yo kugeza abantu no kubatuza kuri Mars, izakorwa mu myaka iri imbere.

Ku ngingo yo gukorera ingendo zijya n’iziva kuri Mars nk’ubukerarugendo, kimwe mu bibazo byibazwa ni ahantu abajyayo bazajya basura.

Hari ibice bimwe na bimwe byamaze kugaragara ko bishobora kwakira abantu bakabisura bitewe n’umwihariko ndetse n’ubwiza bwabyo, ari na byo tugiye kurebaho muri iyi nkuru.

Olympus Mons

Iki ni ikirunga giherereye mu gace ka Mars kabamo ibirunga kazwi nka Tharsis, kikaba ari cyo kinini kiboneka mu ruhurerekane rw’imibumbe igaragiye Izuba (Solar system). NASA isobanura ko kingana na Leta ya Arizona mu bunini.

Uburebure bwacyo bukubye inshuro eshatu ubw’Umusozi wa Everest muremure ku Isi, kuko ureshya na kilometero 8.9, cyo kikaba kireshya na kilometero 25.

Ikirunga cya Olympus Mons ni kinini cyane ku buryo kigaragara ku byogajuru biri kure ya Mars

Ibirunga by’i Tharsis

Iruhande rwa Olympus Mons, hari ibindi birunga biri muri ako gace ku buryo iyo uzamuka icyo ng’icyo na byo uba ubireba.

NASA isobanura ko i Tharsis hari ibirunga 12 binini cyane ugereranyije n’ibyo ku Isi, biri ku bugari bwa kilometero 4,000.

Bikekwa ko ibyo birunga bishobora kuba byararutse mu myaka miliyari 2 ishize, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihe Mars imaze ibayeho.

Uko Ibirunga bya Tharsis bigaragara kuri Mars, byegeranya n'Ikirunga cya Olympus

Valles Marineris

Uretse kuba kuri Mars haboneka ikirunga cya mbere kinini mu biba ku mibumbe igaragiye Izuba, ni na ho haboneka ikibaya kinini.

Ikigobe cya Valles Marineris gifite uburebure bwa kilometero 3000, nk’uko NASA ibigaragaza. Gikubye inshuro enye icya Grand Canyon cyo muri Arizona, kuko cyo kireshya na kilometero 800.

Abashakashatsi ntibarabasha kugaragaza neza uko icyo Kigobe cyabayeho, ariko benshi bakeka ko cyabayeho kubera iruka ry’ibirunga biherereye i Tharsis.

Uko Valles Marineris uri mu Isanzure

Ibice byo mu Majyaruguru n’Amajyepfo

Kuri Mars hari uduce tw’urubura turi mu Majyaruguru n’Amajyepfo yayo. NASA isobanura ko mu gihe cy’ubukonje, ibipimo by’ubushyuhe muri utwo duce bigabanuka cyane ku buryo umwuka wa “dioxyde de carbone” uva mu kirere ukarema urubura ku butaka.

Iyo “dioxyde de carbone” irongera igasubira mu kirere mu gihe cy’Impeshyi, iyo ku Muhora wa Ruguru igashiraho naho iyo ku muhora w’Epfo ntishireho yose. Uko kwihinduranya ni ko gutuma kuri Mars haboneka imiyaga.

Ibice by'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo ya Mars bigaragaho urubura

Ikiyaga cya Gale Crater

Iki ni ikiyaga cyakamye kiri kuri Mars, gifatwa nk’ikimenyetso simusiga cy’uko kuri uwo Mubumbe higeze kuba amazi.

Cyamenyekanye cyane mu 2012 nyuma y’uko icyogajuru cyiswe Curiosity kihageze kigiye gucukumbura neza niba kuri Mars hari amazi.

Icyo cyogajuru cyaje kugera no ku Kirunga cyitwa Aeolis Mons, aho mu bihe bya vuba cyanatanze amakuru y’uko mu kirere cy’uwo Mubumbe hari imyuka ya ‘Methane’ yemerera ‘microbes’ kuhaba, gusa ntibirasobanuka neza niba icyo cyaba ari ikimenyetso cy’uko ibinyabuzima byahabaye.

Bikekwa ko iki Kibaya cyigeze kubaho amazi mu myaka ishize

Medusae Fossae

Aka ni ko gace gateye ubwoba kuri Mars ku buryo hari abatekereza ko gashobora kuba kabitse ibintu bidasanzwe.

Ni ahantu hangana na kimwe cya gatanu cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, bigatekerezwa ko habayeho kubera iruka ry’ibirunga ryakurikiwe n’imiyaga ya congaconze amabuye y’aho akagaragara neza kurushaho.

Gusa haracyakenewe ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bugaragaza uko ibyo birunga byagize uruhare mu kuba Medusae Fossae yabaho.