Binyuze mu isoko rya carbone, ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere ari na byo bigira uruhare ruto mu kohereza mu kirere imyuka igihumanya, bigirana amasezerano n’ibikize bikishyura ikiguzi ku bikorwa bigamije kugabanya imyuka ihumanya bityo uwishyuye ntabe akibarwa nk’uhumanya ikirere ku rugero rw’ibyo yaguze.

Aha hakubiyemo imishinga yo gutera amashyamba, kuyabungabunga ntatemwe cyangwa kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bishobora gukurura umwuka wa C02 woherezwaga mu kirere. Harimo kandi ibikorwa byose bibungabunga ibidukikije nko gukoresha ingufu zisubira.

U Rwanda rusobanura ko ari amahirwe yiyongera ku bashoramari n’Abanyarwanda bakora imishinga yo kubona andi mafaranga y’inyongera bashyira mu mishinga yabo biturutse kuri iryo soko rya Carbone.

Umuyobozi Mukuru wungirije w’Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera Ibidukikije mu Rwanda, REMA, Munyazikwiye Faustin ubwo yari mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru ku wa 16 Nzeri 2026, yavuze ko iri soko ryubakiye ku ngano y’imyuka yagombye kuba yoherezwa mu kirere ikacyangiza, mu gihe iyo mishinga iba yagerageje kuyigabanya.

Ati “Tubibara, aho credit 1 ari toni imwe y’umwuka wa Carbone, CO2, umushinga wabujije ko ujya mu kirere cyangwa se wagabanyije mu biri mu kirere.”

Imishinga yemerewe kujya mu isoko rya Carbone igaragara muri gahunda igihugu cyatanze yo gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y’i Paris izwi nka NDC, ibarirwa mu byiciro by’ubukungu bitandukanye bifitanye isano no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere nk’ubuhinzi, amashyamba, ubwikorezi, ingufu no gucunga imyanda.

Igihugu cyashyizeho imirongo ngenderwaho y’uburyo ushaka kujya mu isoko rya Carbone abikora, na REMA nk’ikigo gifite ububasha bwo gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’isoko rya Carbone mu gihugu.

Munyazikwiye ati “Bivuze ngo umuntu wese mu isoko rya Carbone agomba gutanga umushinga we muri REMA. Hari uburyo bw’imyandikire y’uwo mushinga, byose biri ku rubuga rwa REMA, aho umuntu ashobora kubikoresha.”

Iyo bimaze gusuzumwa, REMA ifatanyije na Komite ya Tekinike ihuriweho na Minisiteri zitandukanye n’ibigo bya leta n’ibigo by’abikorera, basesengura iyo mishinga hagendewe ku mabwiriza yemeranyijweho hakemezwa niba uwo mushinga ushobora kujya ku isoko rya carbone.

Ati “Ubu dufite imishinga igera kuri 29 yanditse muri REMA, nk’imishinga iri mu isoko rya Carbone. Zigiye ziri mu bice bitandukanye. Hari igeze ku rwego rwo kugurisha, iri ku rwego rwo kwiyandikisha, iyo ku rwego rwo gusuzumwa cyangwa se gukurikiranwa n’abo bo hanze bareba niba koko ibyo biyemeje ari byo bari gukora.”

“Muri iyo mishinga tumaze kugira hano mu gihugu u Rwanda nk’igihugu tumaze tumaze kwakira agera hafi kuri miliyoni 1,5$ avuye muri carbon credits, imishinga itandukanye yagurishije ariko kuko igihugu cyashyizeho ko hari impuzandengo ntoya ijya mu isanduku ya Leta, ayo ni yo tumaze kwakira, tukaba tumaze no kugira amasezerano mpuzamahanga n’ibindi bihugu cyane cyane nk’igihugu cya Singapore aho igihugu cyiyemeza ko kizajya kigura carbon credits zivuye hano mu gihugu.”

Bigenda bite ngo carbon credits zitangire kugurishwa?

Munyazikwiye yasobanuye ko hari ibigo mpuzamahanga byemewe ku buryo mpuzamahanga bifite ‘International Accreditation’, kuba ari byo byemerewe gusuzuma niba waravuze ko uzagabanya toni 100 mu myaka 10 cyangwa mu myaka itanu ari zo koko urimo kugabanya.

Ibyo bigo mpuzamahanga iyo bimaze kwemeza iyo raporo watanze, bikajya muri REMA ihagarariye igihugu mu gukurikirana iryo soko rya Carbone, na yo ikemeza ibyo abo ba ‘Verifiers’ bemeje, icyo gihe uba ushobora kujyana izo credits zemejwe ku isoko.

Yasobanuye ko ibiciro bihindagurika bitewe n’ibintu bitandukanye hari Voluntary Carbon Market na Regulated Carbon Market.

Voluntary Carbon Market ni isoko rya Carbone abantu bajyamo ku bushake ridafite amabwiriza n’amategeko menshi, na guverinoma zitayobora cyangwa zidakurikirana cyane mu gihe hari Regulated Carbone Market, isoko rishingiye ku byo igihugu cyiyemeje gukora.

Ati “Ibyo byombi rero uba ushobora kujya ku isoko, hanyuma bitewe n’ibiciro bihari credit imwe ikaba iri hagati 14$ na 45$ bitewe n’aho ibiciro bigeze, bitewe n’ubwoko bw’isoko rya Carbone wagiyemo.”

Isoko rya carbone ni kimwe mu bisubizo bizana amafaranga mu rwego rw’ibidukikije, bizafasha u Rwanda kugera ku ntego zo kugabanya iyoherezwa ry’imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku rugero rwa 38% bitarenze 2030.

Biteganyijwe ko toni miliyoni 3,5 za carbone zizagabanyuka binyuze mu mishinga n’ingamba z’imbere mu gihugu mu gihe toni 4,5 za carbone zizagabanuka binyuze mu nkunga n’imishinga mpuzamahanga.

Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije, Bernadette Arakwiye, yavuze ko isoko ry’imyuka ihumanya ikirere (carbon markets) ritanga amahirwe ku Banyarwanda basanzwe yo kubona amafaranga binyuze mu bikorwa bigabanya cyangwa bikuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirere.

Yatanze urugero rwo gutera ibiti nk’imwe mu ngamba abantu ku giti cyabo n’abaturage bashobora kwitabira.

Ati “Abanyarwanda batera ibiti bashobora gutegura imishinga, bagapima ingano y’imyuka ihumanya ikirere yagabanijwe, maze bakabona carbon credits bashobora kugurisha ku isoko.”

Inama mpuzamahanga yiga ku masoko ya karuboni muri Afurika (Carbon Markets Africa Summit) izabera i Kigali kuva ku wa 13 kugeza ku wa 15 Ukwakira, izamurikirwamo imishinga itandukanye ya Afurika ijyanye no kubungabunga ibidukikije, ubuhinzi burambye bubungabunga ubutaka, ibikorwa bikumira imyuka ya carbone, kubyaza umusaruro imyanda ndetse n’imishinga ijyanye n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi.

Iyo mishinga izatangwa binyuze mu imurikabikorwa no guhuza abategura imishinga n’abashoramari cyangwa abaguzi ba carbon credits.

Gutera ibiti ni imwe mu nzira zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere yatuma umuntu abona carbon credits zo kugurisha ku isoko rya carbone