00:00:00 IGIHE NETWORK KN KINYARWANDA EN ENGLISH FR FRANCAIS

U Rwanda mu gatebo kamwe n’u Burusiya, Koreya ya Ruguru na Amerika ku masezerano y’ikoreshwa ry’intwaro kirimbuzi; byagenze bite?

Yanditswe na Philbert Girinema
Kuya 19 January 2022 saa 11:07
Yasuwe :

Mu 2017 i New York muri Loni, habereye inama igamije kwiga ku buryo ibihugu byose byahuriza hamwe imbaraga bikemeranya amasezerano agamije guca ikoreshwa ry’intwaro kirimbuzi ku Isi hose. Icyo gihe u Rwanda ntirwari rwitabiriye iyo nama, bivuze ko rutigeze rutora uwo mwanzuro.

Mu bihugu byari byitabiriye, 122 byatoye “Yego” byemeza ayo masezerano, kimwe gitora “Oya” mu gihe ikindi kimwe cyifashe. U Buholandi nibwo bwatoye “Oya” mu gihe Singapore yifashe.

Mu bihugu byo mu Karere; u Burundi, Uganda, Tanzania, RDC na Kenya byatoye “YEGO” mu gihe mu bikomeye ku Isi bitatoye uyu mwanzuro nk’u Rwanda harimo u Bwongereza, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, u Bufaransa n’u Bubiligi.

Mbere y’uko uyu mwanzuro utorwa, mu 2016 habaye Inteko Rusange ya Loni yari igamije ko ibihugu bitangira ibiganiro byo kuvugurura mu buryo bw’amategeko yabyo ikoreshwa ry’intwaro kirimbuzi. Muri iyo nama, u Rwanda nabwo rwarasibye.

Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, rwemera kandi rushyigikira amahame mpuzamahanga agamije kurwanya ikoreshwa ry’intwaro kirimbuzi, ndetse mu 2018 rwemeye umwanzuro usaba ibihugu byose gusinya no kwemera amasezerano azikumira “mu gihe cya vuba”. Gusa byageze mu 2019, rurifata ubwo uwo mwanzuro watorwaga.

Kuki rwaryumyeho?

Ibihugu icyenda ni byo ku Isi byakoze intwaro kirimbuzi nubwo bimwe bizibitse gusa bidateganya kuzirwanisha. Hari ibivuga biti, reka tubizike, umwe muri bagenzi bacu uzazikoresha tuzamushwanyaguza izuba riva.

U Burusiya nibwo butunze izi ntwaro nyinshi kuko bufite izingana na 47,7% by’iziboneka ku Isi. Mu mibare yoroshye, Putin n’igisirikare cye babitse intwaro 6.257.

Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zifite 5.550, u Bushinwa bukagira 350 mu gihe u Bufaransa bufite 290. U Bwongereza bufite 225 naho Pakistan ikagira 165. U Buhinde byirwa bishondana bwo bufite 160 mu gihe Israel ifite 90.

Kim Jong Un na Koreya ye ya Ruguru nubwo birirwa batitiza Isi muri iki gihe nibo bakoze nke kuko ari 45.

Usibye ibihugu icyenda byazikoze, hari n’ibindi bitanu bizibitse kugeza ubu birimo Turikiya, u Butaliyani, u Bubiligi, u Budage n’u Buholandi.

Umuyobozi Mukuru ushinzwe u Burayi, Amerika n’Imiryango Mpuzamahanga muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Ambasaderi Guillaume Kavaruganda, yabwiye IGIHE ko u Rwanda rutanze gusinya amasezerano ahubwo ko atari ikintu cyihutirwa kuri rwo.

Ati “Kuri twe ntabwo ari ikintu cyihutirwa cyane kuko izo ntwaro ntazo dufite. Uretse ko no mu masezerano mpuzamahanga, bayashyizeho mu 2017 yatangiye gukora muri Mutarama 2021, urumva hashize umwaka umwe, ntabwo rirarenga. Ntabwo byihutirwaga cyane ariko tuzabikora.”

Ambasaderi Kavaruganda agaragaza ko ibihugu icyenda byakoze izi ntwaro, byose byamaze gutangaza ko bitazayasinya. U Rwanda mu gihe ruzaba ruyasinye, ruzaba rushaka “kujya mu bitabo byiza” gusa.

Asobanura ko u Rwanda rudatunze izi ntwaro, kandi rudateganya kuzigira ahubwo ko icyo rushyizemo imbaraga ari Isi irimo amahoro.

Ati “Impamvu ni uko uwazitera i Burundi cyangwa muri Uganda, natwe byatugiraho ingaruka.”

U Rwanda rwasinye amasezerano akumira izi ntwaro yo mu 1969, rwemeza ay’Umuryango wa Afurika yunze Ubumwe yo mu 2009.

U Rwanda ntirwasinye amasezerano ajyanye no kurwanya ikoreshwa ry'intwaro za Nucléaire gusa rurateganya kuyasinya mu gihe cya vuba

U Rwanda rwabasha gukora intwaro kirimbuzi?

Ntabwo byoroshye gukora igisasu kirimbuzi ariko ku rundi ruhande, ntabwo bigoye kumva uko gikorwa. Intambwe ya mbere, ni ukuba ufite ubutare bwa Uranium. Ahantu ha mbere buboneka cyane ni muri Kazakhstan, Australie na Canada.

Ntabwo ari Uranium iyo ariyo yose ukoresha, ahubwo ni iyo muri Laboratwari baba bashobora gupima bakabona ko iri ku rwego rwo hejuru nta kindi kiyivanzemo. Iyo bayita Uranium-235.

Uranium-235 ni mbi cyane ku muntu kuko ishobora gutera kanseri y’ibihaha mu kanya nk’ako guhumbya. Ifatwa nk’ikinyabutabire kibi ku buryo baramutse bayiteye umuntu, ako kanya ibihaha bye bihita byangirika.

Iyi Uranium-235 ifite ubushobozi bwo kuba yamara imyaka 703,8 itarata agaciro. Ni ukuvuga ngo, iyo myaka yayimara itarangirika. Yavumbuwe n’umuhanga mu butabire, Arthur Jeffrey Dempster, mu 1935.

Ubusanzwe Uranium iri mu bwoko bubiri. Hari imwe abahanga bita Uranium-238 [idakenerwa mu gukora intwaro kirimbuzi] na Uranium-235.

Ikenerwa mu gukora ibisasu kirimbuzi ni nke cyane ku Isi kuko ingana na 0,72% by’ihari mu gihe Uranium-238 yo iboneka ku kigero cya 99,3%.

Aho Uranium itunganyizwa ni muri “reactor” iyishongesha. Iba yubatse neza ku buryo ntaho umwuka unyura, ifite ibigega [wagereranya n’amatiyo] bifite umuvuduko wo hejuru ku buryo mu munota umwe aho Uranium iri hikaraga inshuro 6000.

Usibye Uranium, ikindi gishobora kwifashishwa mu gukora igisasu cya kirimbuzi ni Protenium. Nayo ishyirwa muri “Reactor” igashyushywa. Bisaba ibilo 25 bya Uranium-235 cyangwa se ibilo umunani bya Protenium-239 kugira ngo hakorwe igisasu cya kirimbuzi.

Iyo imaze gutunganywa, ikiba gisigaye ari nacyo kigoye muri byose, ni ukubaka igisasu kizashyirwamo iyo Uranium cyangwa Protenium kirimo n’ibintu biturika bifite ubushobozi bwo kuzamura ya Uranium hanyuma igasandara.

Igisasu kirimbuzi cya mbere cyabayeho ni icyiswe “Little Boy” cyarashwe i Hiroshima mu 1945, cyapimaga ibilo 64 gusa umushongi wa Uranium warimo wanganaga na 80%.

Gukora igisasu, bifata nibura ibyumweru bibiri na bitatu gusa inzobere mu bijyanye n’ubumenyi mu by’umutekano mpuzamahanga z’i Washington zisobanura ko n’icyo gihe gishobora kurenga.

Iyo igisasu kimaze gukorwa, haba hakurikiyeho kukigerageza. Inshuro nyinshi mu gihe cyashize, nka Koreya ya Ruguru yakigeragerezaga mu mazi, ikagitera ku buryo kiza gusandarira mu nyanja.

Uko imyaka yagiye ishira igerageza ry’ibisasu ryavuye ku gukorerwa mu mazi rijya mu kirere, aho ubu Koreya ya Ruguru igeze aho igeragereza ibyayo munsi y’ubutaka.

Ibisasu bya kirimbuzi muri iki gihe bifatwa nk’ibigamije kugwiza igitinyiro ku bihugu bibitunze, ku buryo nta wapfa kubishotora uko yiboneye, keretse ashaka aka munani!

Nubwo u Rwanda ruteganya gutangira gutunganya ingufu za Nucléaire, ntabwo ibyo gukora ibisasu birimo. Rwo rurashaka kuyikoresha mu buryo bw’amahoro, rukayibyazamo amashanyarazi n’ingufu zifashishwa kwa muganga.

Uko ingufu za Nucléaire zikora

Ingufu za Nucléaire zishobora kwifashishwa mu bintu byinshi nko mu gutanga amashanyarazi, mu buvuzi cyane ubw’indwara zikomeye nka kanseri kuko imirasire yazo ariyo yifashishwa mu kuyishiririza, mu bijyanye n’umutekano kuko nko mu byuma bisaka arizo zikoreshwa cyangwa se mu gukora intwaro.

Dufashe urugero nko ku mashanyarazi, kugira ngo ingufu za nucléaire zitange amashanyarazi, hakoreshwa ubutare bwa Uranium. Ni ubutare ubusanzwe bunakoreshwa mu ikorwa ry’intwaro za kirimbuzi ari nayo mpamvu ahanini iyo umuntu yumvise ingufu za nucléaire abanza kwikanga mbere ya byose.

Icyo gihe rero, bafata ya Uranium bakayitunganya intima (atome) zayo zikitandukanya ku buryo zitanga ubushyuhe (ibizwi mu Gifaransa nka fission nucléaire), iyo imaze gutanga ubushyuhe nibwo bifashisha bagashyushya amazi akavamo umwuka, wa mwuka akaba ariwo bayobora mu mashini ugatanga amashanyarazi.

Ugiye kureba uko bikorwa ni kimwe n’uko nk’i Gishoma (i Rusizi) bifashisha Nyiramugengeri mu gukora amashyanyarazi. Ni inzira ni imwe.

Aho Uranium itandukaniye na Nyiramugengeri ni uko yo bisaba nke kugira ngo umuriro uboneke, mu gihe indi yo bisaba toni ibihumbi. Urugero rworoshye, nk’uruganda rwa Gishoma ku munsi umwe rukoresha toni 450 za Nyiramugengeri, uribaza ubwinshi bwazo, kandi ejo n’ejo bundi zizaba zashize burundu. Bikanajyana n’uko ari ibintu bitwikwa imyotsi igatumuka bikangiza ikirere. Izo toni zingana gutyo zitanga umuriro ungana na MW 15.

Kuri Uranium ho biratandukanye cyane. Kuko mu Rwanda tutayifite bisaba kujya kuyigura hanze. Mu Ugushyingo 2018 igiciro cyayo cyarazamutse cyane ku isoko nyuma y’aho u Bushinwa bugabanyije iyo bwashyiraga ku isoko.

Icyo gihe inusu yayo [kimwe cya kabiri cy’ikilo] yaguraga $28.75 [asaga ibihumbi 27 Frw), cyari igiciro kiri hejuru kuva muri Werurwe 2016.

Dufate urugero kuri garama imwe ya Uranium, ishobora gutanga MW 1 ku munsi, ni ukuvuga ngo ni ingufu zingana n’izatangwa na toni eshatu z’amakara. Ubaye utunganyije ikilo kimwe cya Uranium, wabona umuriro ungana na MW 1000, ni umuriro mu Rwanda tutaranagira no mu bitekerezo.

Ibihugu icyenda ku Isi nibyo byabashije gukora intwaro kirimbuzi

Kwamamaza

Kwamamaza

Kwamamaza

TANGA IGITEKEREZO

AMATEGEKO AGENGA IYANDIKA RY'IGITEKEREZO CYAWE
Kwamamaza

Special pages
. . . . . .