Ibihugu byiganjemo ibyo ku mugabane wa Aziya ahanini ibifite abaturage benshi nk’u Buhinde n’u Bushinwa, byafashe iya mbere mu kurondereza ubutaka buhingwa, bishyira imbere umuco wo gutwika imirambo.

Bidateye kabiri, uyu mwera wakwiriye mu bihugu by’u Burayi byiganjemo ibikomeye nk’u Bufaransa, ibyo muri Amerika, Afurika n’ahandi, by’umwihariko mu kinyejana cya 21 ugera no mu Rwanda.

Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2012, Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda, yemeje itegeko rishyigikira uburyo bwo gutwika imirambo nk’ubundi buryo bwo gushyingura. Ibi byakozwe ku mpamvu yo kuzigama ubutaka no kurengera ibidukikije.

Gutwika imirambo mu Rwanda bigaragara mu itegeko nº 11/2013 ryo kuwa 11/03/2013, rigena imitunganyirize n’imikoreshereze y’amarimbi ryashyizweho umukono na Perezida wa Repubulika, risohoka mu igazeti ya Leta muri Gicurasi 2013.

Iryo tegeko ryemeza ko, gutwika umurambo ari bumwe mu buryo bwo gushyingura bwemewe mu Rwanda, ariko bukorwa ku cyemezo cy’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge cyangwa umusimbura we.

Icyakora rivuga ko gukoresha ubu buryo, ari amahitamo y’umuntu watakaje uwe cyangwa icyemezo cyafashwe mu gihe nyir’ubwite yari akiriho.

Gutwika imirambo bikorwa bite?

Iteka rya Minisitiri ryo kuwa 20/07/2015 rigena ibyo gutwika imirambo, rivuga ko bikorwa hakoreshejwe ifuru yagenewe gutwikirwamo abapfuye. Iyo furu igomba kuba ifite amashanyarazi kandi ifite umuriro uhoraho ku buryo budahagarara ndetse hakaba n’imashini y’agateganyo isimbura amashanyarazi igihe yabuze.

Ribuza gutwika imirambo irenze umwe mu ifuru imwe keretse iyo bidashoboka gutandukanya imirambo. Ikindi ni uko bibujijwe gutwika umurambo utakuwemo imyenda.

Ubwo buryo butandukanye n’ubwo mu bihugu nk’u Buhinde, aho batwika umurambo bifashisha ibiro 100 by’inkwi bakawutwikana n’amavuta y’inka bakongeramo n’amase kugira ngo ntibibangamire ibidukikije, nyuma y’amasaha abiri umurambo ugahinduka ivu.

Mu Rwanda, iteka riteganya ko igikoresho gishyingurwamo ivu kigomba kuba gikozwe mu ibumba; icyuma; ikirahuri; cyangwa mu giti, kikandikwaho cyangwa kigashushanywaho amazina y’uwapfuye; itariki y’amavuko; n’itariki yapfiriyeho.

Ivu ryavuye mu murambo rifatwa nk’umutungo w’umuryango w’uwapfuye cyangwa Leta. Rishobora gushyingurwa mu irimbi rusange, irimbi ryihariye, mu rugo cyangwa ahandi hantu hagenwa n’abagize umuryango w’uwapfuye cyangwa Leta, ku muntu wapfuye adafite umuryango.

Ubusanzwe uburyo bwo gutwika imirambo bumenyerewe mu bihugu nk’u Buhinde, u Bushinwa, u Buyapani, Taiwan, u Bwongereza, u Bufaransa, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Canada, Australia n’ahandi.

Ifuru itwika imirambo

Gutwika imirambo, igisubizo ku bamikoro make

Muri iki gihe, by’umwihariko mu Mujyi wa Kigali, gushyingura bisigaye bihenze cyane, aho kugeza ubu abakora akazi ko gushyingura mu irimbi rya Rusororo batangaza ko gushyingura ku buryo buciriritse bishobora gutwara amafaranga y’u Rwanda ari hagati y’ibihumbi 500 na miliyoni.

Bamwe mu banya-Kigali, cyane cyane abafite ubushobozi buke dore ko n’imibereho yo mu Mujyi ubusanzwe iba itaboroheye, bavuga ko itegeko rigena uburyo bwo gutwika umurambo nka bumwe mu buryo bwo gushyingura bwemewe, ryaje kubabera igisubizo kuri icyo kibazo, n’ubwo rihabanye n’umuco Nyarwanda.

Hitimana Paul, ni umwe mu baganiriye na IGIHE. Yavuze ko iri tegeko niriramuka ryubahirijwe rikamenyerwa, rizaba igisubizo ku bakene bagorwaga no gushyingura.

Yagize ati "Urebye ukuntu amasanduku yo gushyinguramo, imodoka itwara umurambo ndetse n’imva bihenda, iri tegeko rizafasha byinshi.”

Abaturage bavuze ko igiciro cy’isanduku iciriritse yo gushyinguramo umwana ari uguhera ku bihumbi 30, umuntu mukuru ari uguhera ku bihumbi 80, imodoka itwara umurambo ubusanzwe yishyurwa hagati y’ibihumbi 100 na 150 bitewe n’ubwumvikane.

Dufashe urugero mu irimbi rya Rusororo, ikibanza cyo gushyinguramo uwawe giciriritse kiri ku mafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi 350. Iyo wongeyemo no gukaraba, usanga umuhango wo gushyingura uciriritse cyane uhagarara ibihumbi hagati ya 700 na 800 by’amafaranga y’u Rwanda.

Nta gushidikanya ko uretse kuba uburyo bwo gutwika imirambo buzagabanya ubuso bw’ahashyingurwa, buzanagabanya ikiguzi kigendera mu gushyingura kuko gutwika umurambo bizajya bikorwa ku mafaranga make.

Urugero, nk’abo gushyingura byatwaraga ibihumbi 600, ngo aya mafaranga ashobora kugabanukamo kabiri hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutwika.

Ikindi ni uko bizoroshya gukura umurambo mu mahanga cyangwa se kuwujyanayo kuko ngo hari Abanyarwanda bibazaga niba byemewe ko bazana mu Rwanda ivu ry’ababo bitabye Imana, kuko kuzana umurambo ubusanzwe bihenze cyane.

Gushyirangura bisigaye bihenze

Kugeza ubu nta Munyarwanda uratwika umurambo

Kuwa 16 Nyakanga 2015, nibwo mu Igazeti ya Leta n°29 yo kuwa 20/07/2015, hasohotse iteka rya Minisitiri ryemerera Abanyarwanda cyangwa abanyamahanga baba mu Rwanda gutwika umurambo bagashyingura ivu.

Nyamara amezi atandatu arirenze nta Munyarwanda n’umwe uratwika umurambo w’uwe, keretse Abahinde batuye mu Rwanda kuko biri no mu muco wabo.

Twifuje kumenya impamvu itegeko n’iteka bigena gutwika imirambo byasohotse ariko kubishyira mu bikorwa bikaba bidakorwa.

Bamwe mu baturage babwiye IGIHE ko umuco n’imyemerere ari nyirabayazana, mu gihe Minisiteri y’Umuco na Siporo yatangaje ko inyigo yo gutwika imirambo itararangira.

Nyirahabimana wo mu Kagari ka Kinyange, Umurenge wa Gitega, yavuze ko impamvu Abanyarwanda babitinya zishingiye ku muco n’imyemerere yo guha agaciro uwapfuye, bakumva ko bamushyingura ahantu bazajya bamusura, bakamwibuka.

Yagize ati “Mu muco wabo bubaha umurambo, bakumva uwapfuye agifite agaciro, bakamushyingura neza bakajya basura imva, bagashyiraho indabo. Urebye, biteye ubwoba gufata umuntu mwasangiye, wakubyaye ukamutwika [...] ni agashinyaguro.”

Gusa hari n’abemera ko umutwitse umuzimu we wajya ugutera cyangwa ukamubuza amahirwe yo kuzuka, dore ko bamwe mu bemera umuzuko bibaza aho yazakura undi mubiri kandi yaratwitswe.

Imashini zagenewe gutwika imirambo ntiziraza

Byari biteganyijwe ko mu gihe itegeko rizaba ryatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa, irimbi ryose riri mu Rwanda rizaba rifite aho imirambo itwikirwa.

Minisiteri y’Umuco na Siporo (MINISPOC), yavuze ko kugeza ubu nta mashini rusange zagenewe gutwika imirambo ziraza, ariko uwabikenera yakoresha izisanzwe kwa muganga.

Umujyanama mu by’amategeko muri MINISPOC, Jean d’Amour Nsengimana, yabwiye IGIHE ko hakinozwa inyigo yo gushyira mu bikorwa iryo tegeko.

Yagize ati “Hari inyigo irimo gukorwa. Turaganira n’umushoramari uzadufasha kureba uko byashyirwa mu bikorwa, tureba n’uko ibiciro bihagaze. Bizarangira muri uku kwezi, icyakora uwabishaka ubu yakoresha imashini zisanzwe ziri kwa muganga.”

Imashini imwe ihagaze amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni zibarirwa muri ebyiri kuzamura bitewe n’ubushobozi bwayo, kuko ngo hari n’izifite ibyumba birenze kimwe, ku buryo imirambo yatwikirwa rimwe, ivu rya buri wese riri mu cyumba cyaryo.

Nsengimana yakomeje avuga ko hazatozwa n’inzobere zizajya zifasha abashaka gutwika imirambo.

Abahanga bemeza ko gutwika imirambo hakoreshejwe ifuru nta ngaruka bigira ku bidukikije, ahubwo ari ukubirengera. Nubwo hari ababona ko ubu buryo ari bwiza, hari n’abasanga hagikenewe ibisobanuro byinshi ku nyungu zo gukoresha ubwo buryo kuko Abanyarwanda batarabwiyumvamo.

Umunyamategeko muri MINISPOC, Jean d’Amour Nsengimana

Imodoka itwara umurambo ikodeshwa arenga ibihumbi 100

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