Ingo ziyongereye ubutitsa mu kugezwaho amashanyarazi mu myaka irindwi ishize

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Ingo ziyongereye ubutitsa mu kugezwaho amashanyarazi mu myaka irindwi ishize

Yanditswe na Mukaneza M.Ange

Kuya 15 June 2017 saa 05:55

Yasuwe :

Yavuzweho:

Ubwo u Rwanda rwatangiraga urugendo rwo kongera kwiyubaka, kimwe mu by’ibanze byashyizwe imbere ni ukuzahura ubukungu bw’igihugu, hibandwa ku bikorwa byatuma kirushaho gutera imbere birimo no kongera ingufu z’umuriro w’amashanyarazi kuko ari umusingi w’iterambere rirambye.

Mu 2009, nibwo Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyizeho gahunda igamije kongera no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi (Electricity Access Rollout Program, EARP), hagamijwe kuzamura umubare w’ingo zifite amashanyari zikava kuri 6% zikagera kuri 70% mu 2017/2018.

Imibare itangwa n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ingufu (REG) igaragaza ko kugeza mu Ukuboza 2016, ingo 617,250 zari zifite umuriro w’amashanyarazi ukomoka ku muyoboro mugari w’igihugu, zivuye ku 142,497 zari ziwufite mu 2009.

Kugeza umuriro w’amashanyarazi ku baturage benshi kandi byaturutse ku mbaraga zashyizwe mu kongera ingufu zawo u Rwanda rutunganya. Mu myaka irindwi ishize ingufu zavuye kuri megawati 76 muri 2010 zigera kuri megawati 208 muri Mutarama 2017.

Ibi byagezweho biturutse ku mishinga minini yagiye ikorwa irimo nk’icyiciro cya mbere cy’umushinga wo kubyaza umusaruro Gaz Methane iri mu Kiyaga cya Kivu, watangiye gutanga MW25 muri Gicurasi 2016 ariko iyi Gaz iri mu Kivu ifatwa nk’ishobora gutanga MW 700 z’amashanyarazi mu myaka 55.

Leta y’u Rwanda yongereye umubare w’abaturage bagerwaho n’amashanyarazi uva ku 10.8 % mu mwaka wa 2010 ugera ku baturage 30 % muri Mutarama 2017. Intego ni ukugera kuri 70 % by’Abanyarwanda bose bitarenze umwaka wa 2018, naho mu mwaka wa 2020, Abanyarwanda bose (100%) bakazaba bagerwaho n’umuriro w’amashanyarazi.

Abaturage bahabwa amashanyarazi bakishyura mu byiciro

Uko hagendaga hatangizwa imishinga minini n’imito yose igamije kongera ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu Rwanda, ni nako hakorwaga amavugurura agamije gutuma umubare w’ingo zigerwaho n’umuriro ziyongera.

Ingero zigaragaza neza uko amashanyarazi yakwijwe mu gihugu ku buryo bufatika zirimo kuba mbere ya 2010, mu turere twa Gakenke na Nyaruguru abaturage bari bafite amashanyarazi bari kuri 2%, ariko ubu babarirwa hagati ya 15% na 20%.

Mu byatumye ibi bigerwaho harimo nko kuba mu 2008, haratangijwe ubufatanye n’abikorera mu bikorwa bijyanye no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, ibi bikaba byaratumye imirimo yihuta kurushaho.

Mu gihe mbere wasangaga kugeza amashanyarazi mu ngo by’umwihariko mu cyaro ari ingorabahizi kandi insinga zica iwabo, REG igaragaza ko mu 2009 hatangijwe gahunda yo kwishyira hamwe, buri muturage akishyura ibihumbi 56.000 by’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ubundi agahabwa umuriro. Akarusho kari muri iyi gahunda ni uko abaturage babaga bemerewe kugenda bishyura aya mafaranga mu byiciro, mu gihe cy’amezi 12, ndetse bakaba bashobora guhabwa umuriro nta kiguzi batanze nyuma yo gushyira umukono ku masezerano yemeza ko bemeye kujya bakatwa 50% igihe cyose bagiye kugura inite z’umuriro zo gukoresha.

Abatuye mu bice by’icyaro bakuwe mu bwigunge binyuze mu kubagezaho ingufu zidaturutse ku muyoboro mugari w’igihugu, aho REG yasinyanye amasezerano n’ibigo bigera kuri 20 bitanga umuriro ushingiye ku mirasire y’izuba, maze agezwa mu ngo ku buryo ikitwa ‘agatadowa’ ku baturage banyuranye kabaye amateka.

Muri ibi bigo harimo nka BBOXX yatangiye gukorera mu Rwanda mu 2014, kuri ubu ikaba imaze gucanira ingo ibihumbi 25 hirya no hino mu bice by’icyaro. Harimo kandi “Mobisol” usanga hafi mu turere twose biteganyijwe ko izaha amashanyarazi ingo 49,000 umwaka utaha; hakaba na Sosiyete ya “Ignite Power” ifitanye amasezerano na REG yo kugeza amashanyarazi mu ngo 250,000 mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri.

Ikoranabuhanga mu kugura umuriro

Mu gihe mbere wasangaga abantu bafata urugendo bakajya kugura umuriro ndetse bakirirwa batonze umurongo imbere y’aho ugurirwa, rimwe na rimwe bakabwirwa ko washize cyangwa ko byapfuye, kuri ubu isaha iyo ari iyo yose umuturage ashobora kuwugura kandi utavuye aho ari ahubwo agakoresha telefoni ye ngendanwa.

Ibi byagezweho nyuma y’ubufatanye hagati y’Ikigo gishinzwe ngufu, Sosiyete z’itumanaho zirimo MTN, Tigo na Airtel ndetse na banki zitandukanye, bikorohereza umuntu kugura umuriro akoresheje telefoni igendanwa, igihe cyose abishakiye.

Kugura umuriro ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga kandi byanagize uruhare mu kurinda bamwe kurara mu kizima kubera ko ubashiriyeho kandi aho ugurirwa bafunze, cyangwa se bafite amafaranga ari munsi ya 500Frw ari nayo make umuntu yabaga ashobora kwishyura.

Ikindi cyo kwishimirwa gikomeje kugira uruhare mu gutuma abantu bashishikariza kugira umuriro w’amashanyarazi mu ngo zabo kandi harimo kuba ibiciro byaragabanutse.

Ku itariki ya 13 Ukuboza 2016, nibwo REG yatangaje ibiciro bishya by’umuriro w’amashanyarazi aho abafatabuguzi basanzwe bishyura hagati y’amafaranga 89-189 kuri KW bitewe n’izo ukoresha mu kwezi, mu gihe inyubako zitari izo guturamo zishyura hagati ya 189-192Frw/Kw, inganda zikishyura 126Frw/KW utabariyemo umusoro ku nyongera gaciro (TVA).

Mbere ya 2009, igiciro cy’amashanyarazi cyari 112Frw/KW ku muturage usanzwe na 105Frw ku nganda, ibi biciro ariko byagendaga bihindagurika bikazamuka cyangwa bikamanuka.

Kugeza muri Werurwe 2017, mu gihugu habarurwaga ingo zigera kuri 31% zifite umuriro w’amashanyarazi, muri zo 3% zikoresha adashamikiye ku muyoboro mugari (off grid).

Leta y’u Rwanda iteganya ko mu 2018 abakoresha imirasire y’izuba bazamuka bakagera kuri 22% naho abakoresha imiyoboro y’insinga bakagera kuri 48%.

Bitewe n’imishinga ihari ikomeje gushyirwa mu bikorwa, REG ihamya ko bizashoboka ndetse mu 2021-2022 u Rwanda rukazaba rumaze kubona amashanyarazi ahagije ku buryo niyo yaba adakoreshwa mu gihugu, ashobora gucuruzwa mu mahanga.