Impamvu ari ngombwa gushingira iterambere ry’igihugu ku rubyiruko ni ukubera ko Ibarura Rusange rya Gatanu ku mibereho n’imiturire y’Abanyarwanda ryaragaragajeko Abanyarwanda bari munsi y’imyaka 25 barenga 58%, mu gihe abari munsi ya 30 barenga 65%.

Ni mu gihe kandi abari munsi y’imyaka 35 bo ari 75%. Ni ibigaragaza ko umubare munini w’Abanyarwanda ugizwe n’urubyiruko hatagize igikorwa ahazaza h’igihugu haba hateye inkeke.

Ni rwa rubyiruko rwugarijwe n’ubushomeri kubera ko imibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare (NISR) igaragaza ko ikigero cy’ubushomeri muri Kanama 2021 cyari kuri 19,4%, kivuye kuri 23,5% muri Gicurasi na 17% muri Gashyantare uwo mwaka.

Urubyiruko rwibasiriwe cyane ni urwo mu cyaro kuko 74% by’abadafite akazi no kubura igishoro gihagije ari ho babarizwa.

Icyo cyiciro cy’Abanyarwanda benshi rero ntabwo cyashobora guteza imbere igihugu abakirimo batabanje kwigira, ngo biyubake mu bumenyi, ubushobozi ndetse no mu ndangagaciro Nyarwanda zituma babasha kumenya igihugu cyabo ndetse n’icyo kibifuzaho.

Ku rundi ruhande ariko, ntabwo ubushomeri aricyo kibazo cyonyine urubyiruko rufite kuko hari n’ibyo kutagira ubumenyi bukenewe ku isoko ry’umurimo kabone n’ubwo rwaba rwararangije amashuri ndetse no kuba rugifite ikibazo cyo kumenya indimi zirimo Ikinyarwanda ndetse n’izikoreshwa ku isoko ry’umurimo.

Ni ibibazo Minisitiri w’Urubyiruko n’Iterambere ry’Ubuhanzi, Dr Utumatwishima Jean Nepo Abdallah, avuga byose hari ingamba zitandukanye zo kubikemura hagamijwe iterambere ry’urubyiruko, gushyiraho gahunda n’amahirwe atandukanye leta igenda irushyiriraho ndetse n’ibindi birimo iterambere ry’ubuhanzi nk’inshingano nshya iyi minisiteri iherutse guhabwa.

Mu kiganiro cyihariye yagiranye na IGIHE, Minisitiri Dr Utumatwishima , yavuze ko hari bimwe mu bibazo yasanganye urubyiruko ubwo yatangiraga kuruyobora muri Werurwe 2023, ariko byose akomeje gukorana n’inzego zitandukanye mu kubishakira umuti.

IGIHE: Urubyiruko muyoboye ruhugiye mu biki biruteza imbere?

Minisitiri Dr Utumatwishima: Urubyiruko rwo mu Rwanda ni igice kinini cy’abaturage, buriya 65% by’Abanyarwanda bafite munsi y’imyaka 30.

Abasigaye 35% nibo bakuru barengeje imyaka 30, uramutse wongeyeho abafite imyaka 35 bahita baba 70%.

Urubyiruko rero nitwe benshi, ni igice kinini cy’Abanyarwanda. Icyo ngera muri minisiteri nasanze, urubyiruko nasanze rukora.

Burya urubyiruko rukora akazi kenshi cyane, ibyo turya bihingwa n’amaboko y’urubyiruko, iyo bigeze ku isoko bicuruzwa n’urubyiruko, iyo mureba ikoranabuhanga, Mobile Money, aba-Agents bose ni urubyiruko, mu nzego za Leta abayobozi benshi n’abakozi benshi ni urubyiruko, namwe abanyamakuru abenshi ni urubyiruko rero igice kinini ni urubyiruko.

Akazi kenshi kari mu Rwanda kibanzemo urubyiruko. Ukundi urubyiruko narusanze, rumaze gutera imbere mu mitekerereze n’imyumvire. Urubyiruko rwacu ntirusahinda, ntirugira akavuyo, iyo rutumiwe mu birori bya leta ruritabira, iyo rusabwe kugira icyo rukora ruragikora.

Urabona nk’ubu tuba turubuza kunywa inzoga muri #TunyweLess, nibo ba mbere barimo kumenyekanisha iyo gahunda. Rero urubyiruko rwacu ni urubyiruko rwiza rufite imbaraga zo gukora.

Birumvikana hari n’ibibazo rufite! Nasanze urubyiruko, ariko ni ibisanzwe ku Isi hose muri iki gihe cya nyuma ya Covid-19 n’umutekano muke uri mu bihugu byinshi nk’i Burayi, u Burusiya na Ukraine n’ahandi, hari ikibazo cy’umurimo.

Hari imirimo myinshi yagiye ivaho kubera Covid-19, hari ibikorwa by’ucuruzi byagiye buhagarara kubera imikoranire y’ibihugu kubera izi ntambara byatumye ikibazo cy’umurimo kigorana.

Kuva twaza kuva muri Werurwe, kubura umurimo ku rubyiruko biri hagati ya 19% , 21%, 25% [...] ni igipimo cyo hejuru cyo kubura umurimo ku rubyiruko.

Ikindi nasanze urubyiruko hari ibibazo by’ubumenyi, buriya umuntu ariga akarangiza ariko wamubaza uti ese wakora iki? Akavuga ati ubwo wenda bampaye akazi, nakora ibintu byose. Buriya nta muntu umenya gukora ibintu byose, uba ugomba kuba uzi icyo gukora.

Rero hari ikibazo cyo kuba aba-Jeunes (urubyiruko) barangiza kwiga ariko badafife ubumenyi buhagije, dusanga hakenewe ibindi bintu byo kongera kubaha ubumenyi no kubahugura.

Ikindi kintu nabonye mu rubyiruko gikomeye ni ururimi. Urubyiruko rw’u Rwanda nabonye rufite ikibazo gikomeye cy’uririmi, cyaba ari Ikinyarwanda ntitukivuga neza, cyaba ari Icyongereza kandi aricyo kidufasha guhaha kikaba gike, Igifaransa cyo ni kure kubi.

Kandi kuganira nk’Abanyarwanda dukeneye Ikinyarwanda cyiza ariko twajya ku isoko ry’umurimo no guhaha, aho duhahira henshi bavuga Icyongereza kandi kubera ukuntu u Rwanda, Perezida wa Repubulika yaruhaye izina ryiza , iyo usohotse ukajya muri Afurika y’Iburengerazuba, ukajya ahandi i Burayi, bakeneye abakozi b’Abanyarwanda ariko ntabwo dufite ururimi rutugezayo.

Nasanze ari kimwe mu bibazo byinshi nasanganye urubyiruko. Ariko ikindi nasanze urubyiruko rufite akanyamuneza (morale), rufite ibyishimo, rufite ‘Vibes’, rumeze neza, rwishimye, rujya mu bitaramo. Ni uko bihagaze.

IGIHE: Hari gahunda zigamije guteza imbere urubyiruko zirimo YouthConnekt, Hanga PitchFest, n’izindi, ubona urubyiruko ruzitabira?

Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko ubundi nyuma y’aho ibereye Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko gusa kuko ubundi yari Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’Umuco, nyuma aho ibereye Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko yahawe inshingano zikomeye navuga eshatu, ariko zigizwe n’imwe nkuru yo guhanga akazi ku rubyiruko.

Icya kabiri, urubyiruko rwose ntiruba mu kazi, hari abakiri bato bafite imyaka 16, bakiri mu mashuri yisumbuye. Iyo bagiye mu biruhuko twasabwe gushaka uburyo bagira imyidagaduro itabajyana mu bikorwa bibi, ubwo ibyo tukabifatanya no kurwanya ingeso mbi mu rubyiruko.

Rero ibikorwa byinshi nasanze nka YouthConnekt Awards, ni igikorwa urubyiruko rusanzwe rufite ka ‘business’ gato umwongereramo make uhereye nko kuri miliyoni 1Frw, akabasha kugira aho ava akagera ku yindi ntambwe.

Nasanze batitabira ari benshi kubera ko batabimenyaga, ubu ngubu dufite abafatanyabikorwa benshi barimo na IGIHE badufasha kumenyekanisha, kugira ngo tubwire urubyiruko rwinshi ko iyo gahunda [YouthConnekt] yatangiye.

Muri iyi minsi twagize urubyiruko rurenga 1200 rwitabiriye tuvanamo 200 bava mu gihugu hose kandi buri Karere nibura ubu rufite abaruhagarariye mu gutsinda barenga batanu. Ubu ubona ko ikigaragara urubyiruko ruritabira.

Icya kabiri ahubwo wenda ni uko amafaranga ari make muri YouthConnekt, dukomeza gushakisha dukeka ko tuzagera n’igihe duhemba abantu 500, aba-Jeunes bafite udushinga duto tuzagera aho tugahinduka ibikorwa binini. Ubona ko urubyiruko rubyitabira ahubwo twe icyo dukora abafatanyabikorwa benshi.

IGIHE: Urubyiruko rw’iyi minsi rwugarijwe n’ibiyobyabwenge ndetse n’ubusinzi, mufite ngamba ki zo kubihashya?

Urubyiruko nk’abandi Banyarwanda bose, dukomoka mu gihugu cyagize amateka akomeye harimo na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Buriya umwana wese kugira ngo akure, agira kurererwa mu muryango, iyo ugize umugisha ugakura ufite ababyeyi bombi bakabimenya ko bagomba kuguha uburere, uba utomboye, akenshi wagakuze neza kuko uba warahawe uburere.

Rero hari igihe uhura n’ababyeyi nabo kurerwa byari bigoye, bakuze bigoranye ntibakubonere umwanya kuko batazi kurera nabo batigeze barerwa. Hari ibibazo byinshi tugenda tubona nyuma y’imyaka 30 Jenoside ihagaritswe, aho tugenda tubona ikibazo mu burere bw’abana.

Ikindi buriya hari n’indwara zagiye zifata abantu mu bihe bitandukanye nka Sida igafata ababyeyi bakagenda kare bagasiga abana. Yasiga abana umwana akazabona asigaye ku Isi wenyine, akirwanaho agakura yagera mu gihe cy’ubugimbi n’ubwangavu akabura umugira inama. Yaba asigaye yaranduye cyangwa ataranduye, ariko aba yaragize ikibazo mu mitekerereze ye mu mutwe.

Hari n’ikindi kibazo kiri mu miryango mito ishakana, uko tugenda twubaka ntitwumvikane, hakaba abana baturuka mu miryango yatandukanye. Ibyo rero biragenda bikivanga byose bigakora uruhererekane rw’abana bafite ibibazo bitandukanye byo mu mutwe.

Hari umuntu rero utekereza ati ese, ko ibi ngibi bimbayeho nkaba ntagira uwo mbaza, mbigenze nte? Akumva yajya kunywa inzoga akareba ko iryo joro cyangwa iyo minsi byarangira.

Ariko icyagaragaye ni uko iyo unyoye inzoga ukiri umwana, hari agace ko mu gahanga gashinzwe kukubwira ngo rekera aho [gakora nka feri] iyo unyweye inzoga ukiri muto, tuvuge uzitangiranye n’urungano [abajama] mu kigare mufite imyaka 16 muri mu mashuri yisumbuye , musimbuka igipangu mugatoroka mugiye kunywa inzoga.

Iyo muzinyoye hakiri kare, aka gace kaba kagikura, inzoga zikageramo zigatuma katazakura. Iyo wazitangiye ufite imyaka 16, kaba karangiritse ku buryo uzinywa ntufate ikiruhuko.

Niyo mpamvu igihugu cyose, Perezida wa Repubulika, Madamu Jeannette Kagame n’abandi barwana intambara yo kuvuga ngo inzoga si iz’abato kandi n’ubwo waba umaze gukura ukazinywa, nawe zirakwangiza. Bivuze ngo inzoga ntabwo mu by’ukuri ariho twahungira ibibazo.

IGIHE: None hazakorwa iki?

Nkatwe minisiteri n’abafatanyabikorwa bacu tugomba gushaka ahantu hatekanye hanini cyane tuganiriramo n’amatsinda yo gufashanya no gukomezanya.

Kuko buriya ikintu kitwica ni uko tutamenya ko hari abantu bafite ibibazo, ugakura utyo ugasanga ababyeyi ntibabana, baratandukanye cyangwa ntibanariho [...] ariko ukeneye uwo ubaza, ukubwira ngo komera, ukubwira ko bishoboka, ahantu hatekanye.

Rero ayo matsinda niyo tuzashyiraho, ahantu hatekanye. No ku bigo nderabuzima bakaba bazi uko urubyiruko ruhageze batagomba kumugira umuntu w’igicibwa n’abantu banywa inzoga nyinshi zamaze kubageramo cyane, tuzashaka uburyo bafashwa, baherekezwe.

Kubera ko buriya ntabwo ari ishema, ntabwo ari n’agaciro kubona umuntu w’urubyiruko yaguye muri rigore [umuferege], cyangwa niba afite n’akamodoka yakarengeje umuhanda, niba afite akazi bamwirukanye kubera ko yananiwe kuza ku kazi ku gihe.

Hari n’ibindi dutekereza nk’u Rwanda, ukavuga uti bibanye ngombwa ko abato bakenerwa, bagakenerwa guhagarara ku ishema ry’u Rwanda, ubu twajya kuraruza abasinze?

Buriya umugome ashobora kuvuga ati reka nzane inzoga zihendutse mu Rwanda, ari nk’umuntu ushaka kuzagira ngo azadutere nko mu myaka itanu iri imbere,yazizana zihendutse, abato bacu bakazinywa bagasinda akazaza akadutera, agasanga nta mbaraga tukigira.

Ibyo rero abato bacu bagomba kubimenya, kuko mu mateka byigize kubaho, hari ibihugu byinshi byagiye bibura abasirikare kubera ko babishyizemo ibiyobyabwenge byinshi.

Natwe erega twabaye bato, twanyuze muri icyo kigero ugasanga abana baratoroka, ukibuka iwanyu, ukibuka ko iwanyu baguhaye itike gusa , bakaguna n’amafaranga y’ishuri, bakakubwira bati ni wowe uzatuvana muri ubu bukene. Wabona abandi batorotse wowe ugasigara ukiga imibare, ugakanira.

Tugeze i Butare muri kaminuza, abandi bakajya Sombrero [akabyiniro kigeze kubica mu Mujyi wa Huye], abandi bakajya i Tumba wowe ukajya aho mwigiraga ugakanira kuko iwanyu bakubwiye ko ari wowe uzabavana mu bukene.

Minisitiri Utumatwishima yasabye urubyiruko guhindura imyumvire rukivana mu bukene

Urubyiruko rugomba kumenya ko umubyeyi wakohereje cyangwa leta yakohereje cyangwa umuryango ugufasha mu by’ukuri ukwifuzamo umuntu w’agaciro. Iyo ubona muri kunywa inzoga Saa Sita zikagera mukabona muri gukubitana icupa ngo zana irindi, jya umenya ko buri mwana uri aho, afite uwatumye akura. Ugomba kumuhesha agaciro ugataha, ukajya kugira ibyo ukora bifite akamaro.

Kandi ibyo iyo tubikoze twese, duteza imbere imiryango yacu, tuyivana koko mu bukene ariko n’igihugu kibyungukiramo kandi kikagira abagabo n’abagore bakomeye bazagikorera.

IGIHE: Urubyiruko rw’uyu munsi urabona ruzabigeraho n’ikoranabuhanga ndetse n’imbuga nkoranyambaga?

Hari ukuntu mbikurikira ibintu by’imbuga nkoranyambaga [...] nkurikira Twitter ariko na YouTube nkareba ibyasohotse abato bashyizeho, ariko icyo nabonye hari nk’urubyiruko rukoresha Twitter neza rufite n’ababakurikira benshi bituma babona akazi k’ibiraka, kwamamariza ibigo cyangwa ukabona hari abafite ibyo bashyiraho byiza hakaba hari abamwifuza kujyayo agafasha mu bintu runaka.

Ariko duherutse kujya i Nairobi muri Youth Connekt, batubwira ko ho urubyiruko rukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga mu bucuruzi. Nk’ubu ugasanga hari urubyiruko rufite amaduka tuzi aba kuri Instagram, bacuruza inkweto, ibyo kurya, bacuruza capati,[...].

Nk’ubu ukaba wicaye hano ukeneye amata ugahita ujya kuri Instagram ugasaba bakayakuzanira [...] urubyiruko rwinshi rw’u Rwanda reka ndusabe; imbuga nkoranyambaga ni isoko wakoresha wishyura make, wishyura amafaranga ya Internet gusa, ariko ukaba wiga, ugakoreraho uburucuzi.

Mubitangira abantu babona ko bitari byiza ariko buriya njyaho nkabona nimero yawe ya telefone, washyizeho urukweto rwiza nkaguhamagara ukarunzanira. Rero wahacururiza ibintu byiza, uramutse wogosha waba ufite Instagram ukajya werekana ko wogosha ba minisitiri, wogosha ibyamamare, abantu bandi nabo baza kugushaka.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga nibigaragara ko urubyiruko ruzikoresha, zabyara ubucuruzi. Ibintu byo kuzijyaho tubwirana nabi, dutukana, tuzana amatiku ntabwo biriya bintu byubaka.

Ushobora no kubikoresha kugira ngo uzamure izina ryawe ariko ni abantu bake tuzi bazamuye izina ryabo batukana. N’ubwo wabikora tukakumenya tukamenya ko uzi gutukana bikomeye, n’ubwo waba ubikora uri ku ruhande rwacu, hari igihe tugutinya tukavuga ko natwe cyera uzadutuka.

Rero umwana w’Umunyarwanda, avuga igitekerezo cye mu kinyabupfura, burya wacuruza mu kinyabupfura kandi ukabona abakiliya. Nagira ngo nshishikarize urubyiruko twese dukoreshe imbuga nkoranyambaga kandi tugire abadukurikira benshi, umunsi umwe dushobora kubakenera.

Icya kabiri abo badukurikira tubahe ibintu byiza nibirangira tubibyaze ubucuruzi. Nitubona bikenewe ko abantu bagira ubufatanyabikorwa na Meta, za Tiki Tok, dushake uko dukorana na za YouTube, ni byiza rwose.

Minisitiri Utumwatwishima yavuze ko arajwe ishinga no gushakira urubyiruko iterambere binyuze mu ihangwa ry'imirimo