Raporo iheruka ya Banki y’Isi ku bukungu bw’u Rwanda, ivuga ko “Nubwo hari iterambere ryagezweho, urwego rw’ubumenyi mu Rwanda magingo aya ntiruhagije kugira ngo rugeze u Rwanda ku ntego z’iterambere rwihaye,” ndetse ngo “abakozi bafite ubumenyi budahagije ni imwe mu nzitizi zikomeye zibangamiye iterambere ry’ibigo mu Rwanda.”

Iyi raporo yuzuzanya n’indi ya Banki y’Isi igaruka ku bigo bikora ubucuruzi, igaragaza ko “ibigo by’ubucuruzi bivuga ko kubona abakozi bashoboye mu bya tekinike, ubumenyingiro, ubumenyi bujyanye n’akazi ari imwe mu mbogamizi ikomeye bihura nazo.”

Ibi kandi binashimangirwa n’uko umubare w’abakozi bafite ubumenyi buciriritse cyangwa munsi yabwo, ari munini mu Rwanda kurusha ibindi bihugu byo mu Karere.

“Ibura ry’abakozi bafite ubumenyi rigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bushobozi bw’ibigo byo mu Rwanda bwo guhangana n’ibindi bigo,” nk’uko iyi raporo ikomeza ibigaragaza, ndetse “abakoresha bakunze kwerekana ubumenyi, amahugurwa adahagije n’ubushobozi buke bw’imiyoborere nk’imbogamizi z’ibanze mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga no kubaka ubushobozi bwatuma ibigo by’ubucuruzi byo mu Rwanda bihangana n’iby’ahandi.”

Iki kibazo kiri mu bituma ubushomeri mu rubyiruko butumbagira, dore ko mu 2023, hafi 33% by’urubyiruko rutari rufite imirimo, cyangwa ngo rube ruri kwiga no guhugurwa.

Icyakora nubwo iki kibazo gihari, hari inzego zigaragaza amahirwe y’iterambere ku Rwanda muri rusange, ku buryo zishobora gufasha urubyiruko kubona akazi, zikanafasha abashoramari kubona inyungu igihe baramuka barushoyemo imari ifatika.

Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda buzarushaho gutera imbere mu bihe biri imbere

Ubuhinzi, amashyamba n’uburobyi

Urwego rw’ubuhinzi rufatiye runini ubukungu bw’u Rwanda. Mu 2023, rwatangaga akazi ku Banyarwanda 43%, rukagira uruhare rwa 27% ku musaruro mbumbe w’igihugu.

Muri Gahunda y’Igihugu yo kwihutisha Iterambere, icyiciro cya kabiri (NST2), byitezwe ko uru rwego rugomba kujya ruzamuka nibura 6% buri mwaka, umusaruro warwo ukiyongeraho 50%.

Icyakora nubwo hari izi ntego, uru rwego rufite imbogamizi zikomeye zirimo kuba abakora muri uru rwego nta bumenyi buhagije bafite. Nibura 98% by’abakora ubuhinzi, nta bumenyi buhagije babufiteho, mu gihe 9% gusa by’ibigo by’ubucuruzi bikora muri uru rwego, ari byo byonyine byanditswe (formal firms), 6% bikaba ibigo binini.

Abarenga 65% ntabwo bigeze biga, ari narwo rwego rutanga akazi kenshi ku bantu badafite ubumenyi, abize kaminuza bakaba 0% nk’uko raporo ya Banki y’Isi ibigaragaza.

Iki cyuho mu bumenyi ndetse n’ingamba igihugu gifite zo kwagura uru rwego, bitanga amahirwe ku bifuza kurwinjiramo muri rusange, yaba urubyiruko ndetse n’abashoramari.

Magingo aya, abantu ibihumbi 10 binjira mu kazi kaboneka muri uru rwego buri mwaka, ari nako bizakomeza kugenda kugera mu 2035.

Icyakora hagati ya 2036 na 2050, abazaba binjira muri uru rwego bazaba bari hagati y’ibihumbi bitanu n’ibihumbi 10.

Urwego rw’inganda

Urwego rw’inganda ruzatezwa imbere mu bihe biri imbere, ku buryo umusaruro warwo ku musaruro mbumbe w’igihugu uzava ku 10% mu 2023. Abakora muri uru rwego ni 6% by’abakozi mu Rwanda, uyu mubare nawo ukaba uziyongera.

Iterambere ryarwo rizanajyana n’iterambere ry’urwego rw’ubuhinzi muri rusange, dore ko hejuru ya 49% by’inganda ziri mu Rwanda zitunganya umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi.

Buri mwaka, uru rwego rwinjiramo abakozi ibihumbi bibiri barushakamo akazi, uyu mubare ukazakomeza kwiyongera mu bihe biri imbere uko uru rwego rurushaho kwaguka.

Mu gihe ibyanya by’inganda bikomeje kubakwa hirya no hino mu gihugu, uru rwego ni ingenzi cyane ku rubyiruko rwifuza kubona akazi, ndetse n’abashoramari bifuza gushora imari.

Raporo ya Banki y’Isi ivuga ko “Uru rwego rwitezweho guhanga imirimo mu gihe kiri imbere bitrwe na gahunda ya Leta yo kuruzamura.”

Kugira ngo rutange umusaruro, birakwiye ko “Hashyirwamo igishoro gihagije, umusaruro w’abakozi ukiyongera, uru rwego rukarushaho gukorera ku murongo bizagira uruhare mu kugabanya ibitumizwa mu mahanga, kongera ibyoherezayo no guhanga imirimo.”

Urwego rw’ubwikorezi

Urwego rw’ubwikorezi rufatiye runini ubukungu bw’u Rwanda kuko uretse kuba rufasha abantu gukomeza ibikorwa byabo, runatanga akazi ku barenga ibihumbi 10 barwinjiramo buri mwaka, umubare uzatangira kugabanuka mu 2035 ubwo ruzaba rwakira abagera ku bihumbi bibiri ku mwaka.

Urwego rwagize uruhare rwa 5% ku musaruro mbumbe w’igihugu mu 2023, rugatanga akazi kuri 6% by’abakora mu Rwanda.

Uko ubukungu bw’u Rwanda buzakomeza kuzamuka, dore ko buzazamuka ku mpuzandengo irenze 7% mu myaka ibiri iri imbere, uru rwego ruzarushaho gutanga kwaguka no gutanga amahirwe ku bantu benshi.

Magingo aya ariko, abagera kuri 2% barukoramo nibo barangije kaminuza, ibivuze ko ku bashomeri barangije iki cyiciro, bagize 10% by’abashomeri bose, bashobora kurwinjiramo bagahabwa amahugurwa yatuma batangira gutanga umusaruro.

Gushyira ku murongo uru rwego, kwinjizamo ishoramari ry’abikorera ndetse no kugabanya icyuho cy’abafite ubumenyi barukoramo, byagira ingaruka nziza zirimo gutanga imirimo ku Banyarwanda benshi.

Ubukerarugendo (amacumbi no gutegura amafunguro)

Magingo aya, urwego rwa serivisi ruri imbere mu gutanga akazi kenshi mu Rwanda nk’uko bigaragara muri raporo y’ikigo cy’Ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda, dore ko mu gihembwe cya kabiri cy’uyu mwaka, rwatanze akazi ku bagera kuri 44% by’abakora bose, rukura kuri uwo mwanya abakora ubuhinzi bw’ubwuga.

Ibi bizagirwamo uruhare n’iterambere rikomeje kugaragara mu rwego rw’ubukerarugendo rukomeje kwaguka cyane, aho rwanagize uruhare mu guhanga imirimo irenga ibihumbi 500 yahanzwe nibura mu gihembwe cya nyuma cy’umwaka ushize.

Mu gihe umubare w’abasura u Rwanda uzikuba kabiri mu myaka itanu iri imbere, birumvikana ko gushakira amahirwe muri uru rwego ari ingenzi, byaba mu gushaka akazi ndetse no gushora imari.

Ikoranabuhanga, ubwishingizi, iby’imari n’izindi nzego z’umwuga

Izi nzego ni zimwe mu zitanga akazi ku bantu benshi mu Rwanda, cyane cyane abarangije kaminuza. Mu 2030, imirimo ishingiye ku bumenyi ku ikoranabuhanga izazamuka cyane igere kuri miliyoni eshatu ivuye kuri miliyoni imwe mu 2016, ibivuze ko izi ari inzego zo kwitega ku bashaka akazi ndetse n’abashoramari.

Ibi binajyanye n’uko izi nzego zizakomeza kuzamuka uko ubukungu butera imbere, bityo abakenera izi serivisi nabo bakiyongera.

Mu mwaka ushize, ibikorwa by’imari n’ubwishingizi byagize uruhare rungana na 2% mu musaruro mbumbe w’igihugu, rutanga akazi kuri 1% by’abakoraga bose. Urwego rw’ikoranabuhanga n’itumanaho narwo rwahaye akazi 2% by’abakora bose mu Rwanda.

Muri rusange, byitezwe ko imirimo ibihumbi 250 izahangwa buri mwaka kugera mu 2029, mu gihe abagera kuri miliyoni imwe bazahabwa ubumenyi mu by’ikoranabuhanga rya ‘coding’, ibihumbi 500 bahabwe ubumenyi bwisumbuye mu by’ikoranabuhanga.

Urwego rw'inganda ruzarushaho gutanga imirimo ku Banyarwanda benshi

Ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi bizarushaho gutezwa imbere