Iyi nzira y’ingenzi ubusanzwe inyuramo 20% bya peteroli na gazi yashyizwe mu buryo bw’amazi [liquefied natural gas] bikoreshwa ku Isi hose.

Ibi byatumye ibiciro bya peteroli idatunganije bizamukaho 50% kuva mu ntangiriro za Werurwe. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ibiciro bya lisansi byarenze amadolari ane kuri hafi litiro enye, ku nshuro ya mbere mu myaka irenga itatu.

Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ikibazo cy’ibura rya peteroli, Ikigo Mpuzamahanga gishinzwe Ingufu, International Energy Agency, cyemeye gusohora utugunguru twa peteroli miliyoni 400 tuvuye mu bubiko bwahariwe ibihe by’amage.

Ibihugu binyuranye ku Isi na byo biri gufata ingamba zikomeye kugira ngo bizigame ibikomoka kuri peteroli bisigaranye.

Ibihugu bya Pakistan, Sri Lanka, na Philippines byatangije gahunda yo gukora iminsi ine mu cyumweru, aho Philippines yatangiye iyi gahunda ku itariki ya 9 Werurwe.

Pakistan yo yanafunze amashuri mu gihe cy’ibyumweru bibiri kugira ngo izigame ingufu. Abiga mu mashuri makuru basabwe kwifashisha iya kure.

Ibihugu byinshi biri gushishikariza abantu gukorera akazi mu ngo zabo no kugabanya ingendo. Mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, abayobozi basabye ko umuvuduko ntarengwa mu mihanda minini wagabanywaho kilometero 10 ku isaha.

Ibihugu nka Misiri biri kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu, aho hafungwa umurwa mukuru w’ubuyobozi Saa Kumi n’Ebyiri z’umugoroba, bakanasaba ko amaduka afunga Saa Tatu z’ijoro mu mibyizi, na Saa Yine z’ijoro mu mpera z’icyumweru.

Mu biro muri Sri Lanka no muri Thailand bari kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibyuma bitanga umwuka ukonje mu nzu [air conditioning], aho igipimo ntarengwa ari 26°C, kugira ngo bazigame amashanyarazi.

Sri Lanka iri no gushyira mu bikorwa ikatwa ry’amashanyarazi buri munsi byibuze isaha imwe cyangwa abiri.

Ibihugu byo mu Majyepfo ya Afurika, by’umwihariko Afurika y’Epfo, Zimbabwe, Zambia, n’Ibirwa bya Maurice, na byo bihanganye n’ikibazo gikomeye cy’ibura ry’ibikomoka kuri peteroli cyatewe n’amakimbirane yo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati ndetse no gushingira cyane kuri peteroli itunganyijwe itumizwa mu mahanga.

Kubera ko ibihugu nka Afurika y’Epfo bitumiza mu mahanga hafi 80% bya peteroli bikoresha, hari ibyago byinshi byo kwibasirwa n’ibi bibazo biri kubaho ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Iki kibazo kirakomeye cyane ku buryo Ibirwa bya Maurice mu minsi ishize byinjiye mu bihe bikomeye, aho byari bisigaranye gusa ibikomoka kuri peteroli byo gukoresha iminsi iri hagati ya 15 na 20 nyuma y’uko hari ubwato bwari buteganyijwe kuzana ibindi ntibikunde.

Kugira ngo bihangane n’iri bura rikabije n’izamuka ry’ibiciro ridasanzwe, ibihugu biri gufata ingamba zikomeye mu nzego zitandukanye.

Urugero, Zimbabwe iri guhangana n’izamuka ry’ibiciro ku rugero rwa 40%, yongera igipimo cyo kuvanga peteroli na ethanol kikava kuri 5% kigagera kuri 20%, inareba uburyo yagabanya imisoro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga.

Hagati aho, Afurika y’Epfo iri kwitegura izamuka rikabije ry’ibiciro rishobora kugera kuri 20% kuri lisansi na 44% kuri mazutu.

Ingaruka z’iki kibazo ziri gushyira mu kaga inganda z’ingenzi, aho abahinzi bari kugorwa n’ingano nto ya mazutu ishobora guhungabanya umusaruro w’ubuhinzi.

Ni mu gihe inzego zo gutwara abantu n’ibintu n’iz’ingufu zihanganye n’izamuka ry’ibiciro bya serivisi zijyana n’ubwikorezi [logistical expenses], izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ingendo z’indege, n’impungenge z’igabanyuka ry’amashanyarazi.

Hamwe ibikomoka kuri peteroli bibona umugabo bigasiba undi