Byari ibyiyumviro by’Umunye-Congo wameneshejwe n’umutwe w’iterabwoba wa FDLR washinzwe n’abagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, agahungira muri Pariki ya Virunga, na bwo ikamusangamo, akisanga mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi.

Ibyo ariko ntibyari byizanye kuko byaharaniwe n’abarwanyi b’umutwe wa politiki n’uwa gisirikare wa CNDP (Congrès National pour la Défense du Peuple) bari bamaze imyaka hafi itatu barwana n’ingabo za RDC ndetse na FDLR.

Tariki ya 23 Werurwe 2009, Leta ya RDC yari ihagarariwe na MinisitirI ushinzwe ubufatanye mpuzamahanga n’akarere, Raymond Tshibanda, na CNDP yari ihagarariwe na Perezida wayo, Dr. Désiré Kamanzi, byasinyiye mu mujyi wa Goma amasezerano y’amahoro.

Kugera kuri aya masezerano byagizwemo ruhare n’abahuza babiri: Olusegun Obasanjo wari Intumwa Yihariye y’Umunyamabanga w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu karere ka Afurika y’Ibiyaga Bigari na Benjamin Mkapa wari uhagarariye aka karere n’umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe.

Abarwanyi ba CNDP barwaniraga Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda bari bakomeje kugirirwa nabi

Amasezerano y’ibyiringiro

Mbere y’uko aya masezerano asinywa, CNDP yagenzuraga teritwari ya Rutshuru, Nyiragongo na Masisi muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, yari imaze iminsi igaragaza ko yiteguye kurambika intwaro mu gihe Leta ya RDC yakwemera gukemura ibibazo byayo.

Muri aya masezerano, Dr. Kamanzi n’itsinda yari ayoboye bemeye ko CNDP isenywa mu rwego rwa gisirikare, igahinduka umutwe wa politiki wemewe n’amategeko y’igihugu. Leta ya RDC na yo yarabyemeye.

Leta ya RDC yemeye ko abasirikare ndetse n’abapolisi ba CNDP binjizwa mu nzego z’umutekano z’igihugu kandi amapeti bari basanganywe akubahirizwa. Byari bisobanuye ko umurwanyi wari ufite ipeti rya Général nka Bosco Ntaganda n’uwari ufite irya Colonel nka Sultani Makenga bagombaga kuyagumana mu gisirikare.

Impande zombi zemeranyije ko kubana mu mahoro muri RDC nk’Abanye-Congo ari uburenganzira bwa buri wese, zanzura ko impunzi z’Abanye-Congo zahungiye mu bihugu by’abaturanyi zicyurwa bwangu, zigasubizwa mu mitungo yazo.

Kugira ngo umutekano w’impunzi z’Abanye-Congo zisubira mu gihugu cyazo ubungabungwe, CNDP na Leta ya RDC byemeranyije ko hashyirwaho urwego ruhuriweho rushamikiye kuri Polisi (community police).

Muri rusange, aya masezerano yari agizwe n’ingingo 16, zose zagombaga kubahirizwa guhera tariki ya 23 Werurwe 2009. Umuryango w’Abibumbye, uwa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe n’uw’Akarere ka Afurika y’Ibiyaga Bigari ni yo yari gukurikirana iyubahirizwa ryayo.

Mu 2009 ubwo CNDP na Leta ya RDC byagiranaga amasezerano y'amahoro

Amavuko ya M23

Abarwanyi ba CNDP binjijwe mu nzego z’umutekano za RDC nk’uko amasezerano yabiteganyaga, boherezwa mu kazi mu bice bitandukanye birimo Kivu y’Amajyaruguru ariko nyuma umwuka mubi wongera gututumba.

Mu 2012, Gen Ntaganda yashinze umutwe witwaje intwaro mushya ushingiye ku masezerano y’amahoro yo mu 2009, awita M23 (Mouvement 23 Mars). Wari ugizwe n’abahoze muri CNDP batahuzaga n’ubutegetsi bwa RDC.

Gen Ntaganda yasobanuye ko impamvu we na bagenzi be bashinze M23 ari uko Leta ya RDC yakomeje gutoteza Abanye-Congo b’Abatutsi barimo n’abari barinjijwe mu gisirikare, kandi ko yananiwe kurinda umutekano w’abaturage.

Uyu murwanyi yagaragaje iki kibazo mu gihe Abanye-Congo benshi bahungiye mu bihugu by’abaturanyi bari bakibirimo, abandi baratashye barongera barahunga. Ubu hari abamaze imyaka hafi 30 bakiri mu buhungiro.

M23 yazanye imbaraga nyinshi, ifata ibice byinshi byo muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru mu mwanya muto, birimo Umujyi wa Goma wafashwe tariki ya 20 Ugushyingo 2012, nyuma y’amezi atandatu gusa uyu mutwe uvutse.

Amahanga yarahuruye ubwo M23 yafataga uyu mujyi, abakuru b’ibihugu byo mu karere barimo Joseph Kabila wayoboraga RDC bateranira i Kampala muri Uganda, bamenyesha uyu mutwe witwaje intwaro ko Leta ya RDC yemeye kubahiriza amasezerano yo mu 2009.

Bitandukanye n’imyanzuro yafashwe n’abakuru b’ibihugu, umutwe w’ingabo zidasanzwe ziri mu butumwa bw’amahoro bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye muri RDC, FIB, wabagabyeho ibitero bikomeye ufatanyije n’ingabo za RDC.

M23 yasenyutse mu Ugushyingo 2013, benshi barimo Gen Maj Sultani Makenga bahungira muri Uganda. Abandi bahungiye mu Rwanda, bacumbikirwa mu nkambi z’impunzi nk’abasivile.

M23 ya mbere ubwo yafataga umujyi wa Goma

M23 mu isura nshya

Mu gihe abahoze ari abarwanyi ba M23 bari mu nkambi, bakomeje kuganira na Leta ya RDC kugira ngo yubahirize amasezerano y’amahoro nk’uko yabisezeranyije abakuru b’ibihugu byo mu karere.

Umusaruro w’ibi biganiro wakomeje kuba iyanga, Gen Maj Makenga n’abarwanyi be basubira muri teritwari ya Rutshuru mu 2017 gusa ntibigeze bahangana n’ingabo za RDC.

Ubwo Félix Tshisekedi yajyaga ku butegetsi bwa RDC muri Mutarama 2019, abarwanyi ba M23 bagize icyizere ko we ashobora kumva ibyifuzo byabo, ndetse muri uwo mwaka bohereje intumwa i Kinshasa kugira ngo ziganire n’ubu butegetsi bwari bukiri bushya.

Tshisekedi na we yashyize intumwa za M23 ku cyizere, azisezeranya ko azashyira abarwanyi babo mu mutwe w’ingabo zidasanzwe, zizajya zimurinda, izindi zikajya kugarura amahoro n’umutekano mu burasirazuba bw’igihugu. Bamaze amezi 14 i Kinshasa, bategereje kuganira na we ariko baramubuze, basubira muri Rutshuru.

Mu Ugushyingo 2021, Tshisekedi yategetse ingabo za RDC kugaba ibitero ku barwanyi ba M23 bari bashinze ibirindiro muri Rutshuru; aho bari bategerereje ibiganiro n’uyu Mukuru w’Igihugu, intambara yari yarahagaze mu 2013 yubura ityo.

Mu Ukuboza 2023, havutse ihuriro ry’imitwe ya politiki AFC (Alliance Fleuve Congo) M23 ishamikiyeho, riyobowe na Corneille Nangaa wabaye Perezida wa Komisiyo y’Amatora ya RDC. Kuva AFC yashingwa, imbaraga za M23 zariyongereye.

Ubu abarwanyi ba AFC/M23 bagenzura ibice byinshi muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru birimo umujyi wa Goma na Kivu y’Amajyepfo birimo umujyi wa Bukavu. Baracyasaba ko Leta ya RDC yemera kugirana na bo ibiganiro bya politiki, bigamije gukemura ikibazo cyabo.

Reba iyi video umenye amateka ya M23

Yahindutse AFC/M23 nyuma y'aho Corneille Nangaa ayiyunzeho

Abarwanyi ba M23 bagenzura umujyi wa Goma, Bukavu n'ibindi bice byinshi muri Kivu y'Amajyarugu na Kivu y'Amajyepfo