Ubwo u Buhinde bw’Abongereza bwagabwagamo ibice mu 1947, amasumo ya Indus na yo yagabwemo ibice bibiri biri mu bihugu bibiri; u Buhinde buri mu burasirazuba na Pakistan iri mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba.

Ku ruhande rw’u Buhinde, bwari bukeneye gukoresha aya masumo muri Punjab na Rajasthan kugira ngo bwiteze imbere, bunasigasira umutekano ndetse n’umubano mwiza n’umuturanyi mushya wo mu burengerazuba.

Nubwo bwari bufite ibibazo byihutirwa byo gukemura mu rwego rw’ubukungu, bwemeye guheba, bugirana na Pakistan amasezerano yo gusagaranganya amazi ya Indus tariki ya 19 Nzeri 1960, bibifashijwemo na Banki y’Isi.

Kuva na mbere, u Buhinde bwari bufite ubushake bwo kumvikana ariko Pakistan yakomeje kugorana, igashaka amasezerano ayibogamiraho. Tariki ya 5 Gashyantare 1954, Banki y’Isi yateguye umushinga usaba u Buhinde guhagarika ibikorwa by’iterambere mu majyaruguru ya Indus na Chenab.

Uyu mushinga kandi wasabaga u Buhinde kureka gukoresha metero kibe zirenga miliyari 7,4 z’amazi yo mu mugezi wa Chenab, busabwa kudakoresha amazi y’uyu mugezi muri Merala (ubu ni muri Pakistan) kandi ko butemerewe gukoresha amazi yo muri Kutch.

Nubwo byagaragaraga neza ko u Buhinde buri guhomba byinshi, bwemeye uyu mushinga bwangu kugira ngo haboneke igisubizo cyihuse. Pakistan yo yatinze kuyemera ku mugaragaro, hashira imyaka hafi itanu Banki y’Isi itegereje kuko yayemeye tariki ya 22 Ukuboza 1958.

Mu gihe Banki y’Isi yari itegereje, u Buhinde ntibwigeze bukoresha aya mazi mu gihe Pakistan yo yakomeje ibikorwa by’iterambere ku migezi yo mu burengerazuba, nta gukumirwa. Pakistan yabonye ko kubangama biyungukira, ubufatanye bugahombya, ikomeza kwitwara nabi.

Hashingiwe ku masezerano yo mu 1960, u Buhinde bwemerewe gukoresha imigezi itatu yo mu burasirazuba, ari yo Sutlej, Beas na Ravi, Pakistan yo yemererwa gukoresha iyo mu burengerazuba irimo Indus, Chenab na Jhelum.

Aya masezerano yemereye u Buhinde gukoresha imigezi yo mu burengerazuba yinjira ku butaka bwayo, ariko mu buryo budatuma amazi yayo agabanyuka cyane. Byari bivuze ko bwemerewe kuhubaka ingomero z’amashanyarazi ariko ko butemerewe kubika amazi yaho.

Mu buryo bw’imibare, imigezi yo mu burasirazuba yahawe u Buhinde itembamo amazi apima metero kibe hafi miliyari 40,7 ku mwaka mu gihe iyo mu burengerazuba yahawe Pakistan itembamo amazi apima metero kibe miliyari 166,5 ku mwaka. Bivuze ko Pakistan yahawe 80%, u Buhinde buhabwa 20% by’amazi yose yo mu masumo ya Indus.

Igikomeye ni uko amasezerano atahaye u Buhinde andi mazi. Icyabaye ni ukwemeza ku mugaragaro ko bwemerewe gukoresha ayo bwari busanzwe bukoresha kugira ngo bwemere guhara uburenganzira bwose bwari bufite ku gice kinini cyo mu burengerazuba.

Ikitamenyerewe cyari mu masezerano kijyanye n’imari. U Buhinde bwemeye kwishyura Pakistan miliyari 2,5 z’Amadolari kugira ngo bwubake ibikorwaremezo bishingiye ku mazi mu gice cya Kashmir kigenzurwa na Pakistan.

Ubu bwishyu bwiyongera ku guhara igice kinini cy’amasumo ya Indus, bushimangira uko u Buhinde bwakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bubane neza na Pakistan yungukiye byinshi muri aya masezerano.

Amasezerano yo mu 1960 ntiyemereye u Buhinde gukoresha igice cyose cyahariwe ubuhinzi ku butaka bwabwo bwegereye imigezi iva mu burengerazuba, bwagerewe amazi bukoresha, kandi bwahawe ibwiriza ryo gukoresha ingomero ariko butabika amazi bukeneye.

Aya mabwiriza abogamiye ku ruhande rumwe, kuko bubangamira ibikorwa by’u Buhinde bwo gukoresha uko bushaka umutungo uri ku butaka bwabwo, mu gihe Pakistan yo nta mabwiriza yahawe.

U Buhinde bwahawe 20% by'amasumo ya Indus, Pakistan ihabwa 80%